wrnnmms v. sronznnsscn. 3.9
It consisted, also, in the fact that it is a single piece when put upon
and fastened to the key·board, and thereby it possesses advantages
over detached and separate pieces, whether made of ivory or celluloid.
The complainants’record is quite clear on thispoint. For example, ‘
the inventor endeavored to fasten separate celluloid keys in the same
manner that ivory strips are secured to the wood, but was unsuccess- i _
ful, because, as he testified, separate celluloid strips warped the wood
of the keys in a series of short curves, which difficulty was prevented
by the use of a continuous sheet. When the single sheet is cut into
a series of strips for each key, before being cemented to the wood, the
invention, as described and claimed inthe patent, no longer exists; be-
cause, no matter how skillfully the separate strip  are manipulated
so as to be placed upon the board with ease, the invention was the
continuous strip or roll, as contrasted with separate strips for each
key.
The motion is denied. —
WILLIAMS v. Sronznmaton and others.
(6'ircult Uourt, W D. Pennsylvania. Eebruary 6, 1885.)
1. Psmnrs son Ii~w1mrro1vs—A1>r.·liz.a·rus ron Onrsmmc Ann Wssmim Burn.
Letters patent No. 206,514, for an improvement in apparatus for obtaining
and washing sand, granted July 30, 1878,to David C. Williams, construed, and
held to be limited to a combination having as one of its elements a vessel of
water in which the screen is immersed, and therefore not infringed by defend-
ants’ apparatus, the screen of which works in the unconiined water of the river.
2. SAMn—UoNsTRUorroN on CLAIMS.
It is beyond the province of judicial construction to eliminate from a claim
an explicitly declared constituent of a combination merely because it is in fact
unnecessary in effecting the desired result.
In Equity.
D. F. Patterson, for complainant.
George H. Christy, for respondents.
Acnnson, J. The plaintift’s invention relates to apparatus for ob-
taining and washing sand, and, as described in his specification and
illustrated by the accompanying drawings, consists of a cylindrical
riddle or screen,D, "the lower portion of which is immersed in a ves-
sel of water," G, through which riddle or screen and vessel flows a
stream or currents of water, in combination with an ordinary dredg-
ing-boat having elevators for supplying the interior of the screen with
unwashed sand, a receptacle, F, for receiving the washed sand, and
elevators for removing it therefrom. As the screen rotates, the sand
becomes separated from the coarser materials by the revolving move-
ment, and passing through the meshes drops into the vessel, C, from
which it is removed and thrown into the receptacle, F, by means of