34 —*     ‘ i   rnnnmr. iznroirrnrc.   ‘ ‘ ` V
do¤hct;<Tiowevei·, broadly claim afare register having a primary or tempo-
, rary, and a- permanent or secondary registering mechanism, as that is not my
inventioi1.YF· , Q l . A
The`iirst*iive claims of the patent are as follows: A ° l
' "(l)-The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, of a fare
register with a `direction indicator, locked from indicating a different direc-
tion of travel, without making a permanent record of thefares collected.
, "(2)Y The combination, `substantially as hereinbefore set forth, with the
registering mechanism ` of a fare register, of an indicator or sign inclosed in
the same casing with the registeringmechanism, and incapableof being’
changedto indicate a different directioniof travel, without resetting or bring-·
ing the register to the zeroor startingpoint. i   -
"(3) The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, of primary
ortemporary , registering mechanism, secondary, or permanent registering
mechanism, and an indicator or sign showing the direction oftravel, and so
organized that a different direction of travel cannot be indicated, without
V bringing the primary register to aero or starting point, and transferring its
recordto theipermanent register. ‘ 2 l . { .
  " (4) , Theeombination, substantia11y,as_ hereinbemge set forth, of register-i
ing mechanism, an indicator or sign. which indicates. the direction of travel,
and asurrounding casing provided with windows or openings therein, for
the purposeof inspecting the register andthe direction indicator or sign.
, *‘“(_5) The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, in a single
case; of registering mechanism, alarm mechanism, an actuator, handle, or
push-liar for working the-1·egister~ and sounding an alarm, and an indicator
which indicates the: direction of travel, whereby the sounding of the alarm
announces ,tl1er__registyy of thefare, and the indicator shows in which direc-
tion of travel; of the car or vehicle the registry was made."
  ikespcctingéfthe prior state of the art, it appears from the testimony of
the expert for the defendants, in explanation of ‘the prior patents put in
evidence,rto;which he refers, that the use of a duplex register, that is,
trip registering mechanism and permanent registering mechanism in fare
registers"wasv·not—·new, and that such registering mechanism with alarm
mechanisrnactiiated substantially after the mode 0f¤ the complainants `
, patent, '"andijcontainediin a casing exposing the registering operation _
through windows or apertures, had previously been employed together
» in fare _registc€r,s{, It was, doubtless,hecause the prior state of the art is
asthus indicated that the-complainants expert asserts infringement of
the claims by the defendants upon the theory that Harris was the first
to employ incombination with these several devices a direction indica- _
for such as described in the specihcation, and, therefore, that the claims
shouldbe brpadly,construed to cover every combination of such a direc-
tion indicator with the several deviceswhich is an equivalent in produc-
ing the new.result; _v,. He states that the invention of Harris relates to a
fare register of the kind which contains a permanent register of the num-
ber of fares collected during a seriesiof trips of the vehicle in which the ·
register is employed, and a trip register which exhibits at all times dur-
, ing a single trip, ligures indicating the number of fares collected upon
that trip. . He. says: - i - · , : ; . i -
  "Harris'>in_vention consists in combining with these two registers the ad-
ditional elementofa direction indicator, incapable of being changed to indi-