RAILVVAY REGISTER ·1MANur?e/co; v. THIRD AVE. RY. co. 35
~ cate a different direction of.travel,¤,w*itl1outi=resetting= or bringing the tem-
pcrary register to zero or. the starting point, and hence showing inwhich
.direction,e£ trayelof.the vehicle the indicated registry of faresgcollected was
made. By means of this contrivance, the numberof fares collected during a
trip, and thedirection of travel of the Vehicle during which such fareswere
col‘1ected,'a-reexposed to view so that they may be seen at a glance, not only
by the inspector whose business it is to make a note of the indicationsof the
apparatus atthe-end of each trip, but also ‘at all timesdurinlg the trip by pas-
sengers,. andalso. by inspectors, who are unknownto the conductor, and may
be employed to observe the register during the course of the trip. " l e A
The subordinate features of the invention consist in inclosing the ap-
paratus ina suitable casing provided with windows or openings to per-
mit the inspection of the register and direction indicator, and providing.
an alarm mechanism, whichéwill attract the attention of passengers to the
proper manipulation of theitrip register by the collector. I f · * J
, The defendants rely upon the Morgan—Brown British patent of August
15, 1887, which sets forth three Italian fare registers, and modifications
thereof, the invention of Joseph Mazari, of Italy, as an anticipation of the
first and second claims of the complainant’s patent. ,ThatYpatent‘de—
scribes and the drawings illustrate a direction indicator employed in a
fare register, which fare register also em ploys a trip register and second-
ary registering mechanism. The direction indicator of this patenthis-so .
organized that it cannot bechanged withoutfirst bringing the trip reg-
ister to zero or the starting point, and this feature is distinctly pointed
out. · The apparatus differs materially in the arrangement and character
of the devices which arecombined in a fare register from that of the
Harris patent. One object for which the apparatusis designed, is to in-
dicate to the passengers, or to an inspector, what number of passengers
are in the vehicle at any given time. But it contains registering mech-
anism with which the direction indicator co-operates, designed to enable
_ an inspector to ascertain the numbe1· of fares collected on a single trip,
and also the aggregate number of fares collected upon any number of
trips, and is practically operative to eiiect this object. Whether this pat-
ent is of any value as an anticipation of the Harris patent or not, it is
important as bearing upon the scope of his invention and the construc-
tion to be given to the claims. It is apparent, in view of the Morgan-
Brown patent, that Harris was not the first to employ a direction indicator
in a fare register, or to combine a trip register with a direction indicator,
i" which could not be changed to indicate a different direction of travel,
without first bringing the trip register to the starting point. Conse-
quently, what Harris really did was to employ such a direction indicator
with primary and secondary registering mechanism which was adapted
to co-operate with such registering mechanism so as to effect a transfer
from the formerto the latter of the record of fares collected. The appas
ratus of the Morgan-Brown patent did not do this. Harris by doing it
made an advance of utility. A · ‘ '
The direction indicator is an element of each of the claims in contro-
versy. It `is plain from the language of the description thatit is one
so organized in relation to the registering mechanism that it cannot be