_ 36 rmnnrmr nnroarma. _ l
changed to indicate a different direction of travel, without first bringing
the? trip register to the starting point. To this end it is provided witha
locking device,' and a description is given of a suitable locking device
  which the indicator'plate engages with a three—pronged latch. The
trip register cannot be brought to the starting point without actuating
the permanent register, and transferring to that register la record of the
fares received upon the trip. Consequently, the direction indicator can-
` not be changed withouta permanent record being made of the fares col-
lected on the trip. Although a direction indicator without this pecul-
iar organization is useful, because when it has not been changed by the
conductor at the end of any one trip the fact is apparent to the passen-
gers in the car or to a detective, ·its·usefulness as a new safeguard for ex-
posing any attempt at fraudulent manipulation of the fare register to de-
tection would be materially less if it werenot so organized in relation to
the primary and secondary registering mechanism that whenever it is _
changed, whether at the end ofthe trip or at any other time, the record
made upon the trip register is not lost, but is transferred to the perma-
nent register. The specificationdescribes an indicator of this character.
The essential novelty of the several inventions speciued in the claims,
consists in combining such a direction indicator with the other parts.
Although the fourth and fifth claims, unlike the first and second, do
not in terms make such a direction indicator a constituent, they are to
be read asthough such a direction indicator were specifically mentioned.
t No other indicator is described. and they refer by implication to such an
indicator as is described in the specification. ‘ The expert for the com-
plainant assumes thatthe directionindicator of those claims is the same
direction indicator as that in the first claim.
Registering mechanism substantially such as is described in the spec-
ification is also to be regardedas an element of each claim. As has
been said, azclaim for the combination of the direction indicator of the
patent with anyfare register, or with the registering mechanism of any
fare register, literally construed, could not be maintained, because the nov-
elty of such claims would be negatived by the Morgan-Brown patent. * It
V is not claimed in behalf of the complainants that registering mechanism
which does not include secondary as well as primary registering mechan-
ism is the registering mechanism of the claims. But it is insisted that
the term does not necessarily refer to registering mechanism by which
the record on the permanent register is made from the trip register in -
~ any specified manner. It must be held that this contention is not tena-
able, and that the registering mechanism of the claim is such as will ac-
complish the transfer of the record from the trip register to the perma-
nent register during the act of resetting the trip register. This charac-
teristic of the registering mechanism is distinctly set forth in the specifi-
cation, and cannot be eliminated from the claims. The registering mech-
anism is described as consisting of two parts, primary or trip, and sec-
ondary or transfer, mechanism, which makes a transfer at the terminus
of each direction of travel "during the act of resetting or moving the
primary mechanism back to the zero or starting point, in readiness to