PART I - OVERVIEW. Section I INTRODUCTION

The Justice Retrieval and Inquiry System (JURIS) is a computerized information system developed by the Department of Justice to provide attorneys with rapid access to relevant legal documents. The Department's aim is to provide the federal legal community with the best tools available for performing legal research. JURIS has made this possible by providing research results quickly and easily. JURIS is a full text word retrieval system. It contains the complete text of federal cases, statutes, regulations, and other legal materials for immediate retrieval and display. In addition to the general legal library, special files containing materials in support of on going litigation may be available to the user. Since its inception, JURIS has proven to be an effective and efficient research tool as well as an invaluable aid in the litigation of complex cases. A major factor in the effectiveness of JURIS is its capability to locate all documents containing words, phrases, and citations specified in a search expression. Once located, these documents may be either displayed on the terminal's video screen or printed. These retrieved documents can be displayed in three formats: (1) a list of citations, (2) the full text of each document, and (3) excerpts from documents containing the search terms.

PART I - OVERVIEW. Section II JURIS TERMINALS

In order to perform automated legal research effectively, it is necessary to have a basic understanding of how JURIS operates. JURIS operates on a computer located in Washington, D.C., at the Department of Justice's Data Center. The JURIS system includes about four hundred (400) terminals located in federal legal offices throughout the country. Most of the terminals are custom designed Sanders terminals composed of a keyboard with color-coded command keys, a video display screen, and a printer. Almost any compatible teletype terminal can be set up to access the JURIS data base. When using a teletype terminal you must type in your search expression on a standard typewriter keyboard rather than on a custom terminal keyboard. Each terminal connects with the JURIS computer by telephone. To initiate contact, you must place a call to the computer and put the telephone on hold. This keeps the lines of communication open between the terminal and the computer. The initial communication between the terminal and the computer consists of two steps. The first step, which occurs automatically on the Sanders terminal, identifies the individual terminal to the computer. Then, in response to instructions on the screen, you must enter an eight digit user ID number which identifies you as an authorized user. This identification number also serves as the basis for the JURIS billing system.

PART I - OVERVIEW. Section III JURIS SEARCH TECHNIQUES

Almost any word may be used as a search term on JURIS. Most often a user will search for words or phrases describing particular fact patterns or points of law. In addition, searches can be made for judges' or attorneys' names, case and statutory citations, dates of decisions or even docket numbers. You can also restrict your research to cases decided in a particular district or circuit court. The data base also includes case and digest materials supplied by West Publishing Company. West Topic and Key Numbers may also be used as search terms on JURIS. Each time you enter a search request, JURIS examines two types of files: 1) word indices, and 2) document files. The word indices, called concordances, are alphabetic listings of every term contained in the data base along with the locations of those terms in the documents. JURIS uses the word indices to locate specific documents in the document files. Document files contain the actual text of each document and are used for display purposes only. Each document file in the computer's data base has its own concordance.

When you ask JURIS to search for certain words or phrases, the computer looks up each word in the concordance, and then compares the locations listed for each term to determine which documents meet the criteria you specified. JURIS then stores these locations in the computer's memory as a SET, assigns it a number, and indicates the number of documents retrieved. Common words such as an, to, all, he, she, and etc. are not found in the concordances. If you have included them in your search expression, JURIS will ignore them and consider them as placeholders. Since JURIS must use word files to locate documents, you should be aware of several guidelines to ensure efficient use of the system.

1. Use as few terms as possible in your search

expression.

2. Try to avoid frequently occurring words, i.e.,

FEDERAL, ACT, PLAINTIFF, V., UNITED STATES, or

F.2D.

3. Consider whether there are unique terms which will

retrieve relevant documents.

4. Remember that word retrieval systems are literal

and will search for words exactly as they are

entered.

5. Include synonyms and spelling variations to ensure

a comprehensive retrieval.

PART I - OVERVIEW. Section IV SET BUILDING

The most important key to the effective use of JURIS as a research tool is the concept of SET BUILDING. Each successful search performed on JURIS results in the creation of a set of documents, separate and distinct from all other previous searches. Sets are numbered sequentially by JURIS, starting with SET/1. When sets are combined, a new set number is assigned to represent the new group. The results of all searches are stored by the computer along with their designated set numbers. A list of all searches performed during a session can be displayed at any time and is called the SEARCH HISTORY. Because previously created sets can be combined quickly, the set building approach is flexible and time efficient. Set building allows you to narrow or broaden your research efforts based on the results of prior searches. Research can be restricted to a particular circuit, district, date, or even to the decision of a particular judge without the loss of prior research. By using a case name or a citation to a statute, case, regulation or law review article in a search request, JURIS also may be used as a citator. Searching for a citation in a particular file would result in the creation of a set of documents containing that particular citation.

PART I - OVERVIEW. Section V JURIS DATA BASE CONTENTS

The JURIS data base contains much of the same legal material as the law library. The obvious difference is that on JURIS these materials are stored electronically in computer files instead of in printed volumes. The documents in the data base are also organized in much the same way as their counterparts in the law library. The documents are divided into different collections or groups. Each group, in turn, is organized into a number of different files. For example, the files in the CASELAW group include the federal reporters volume for volume; the statutory files contain the U.S. Code, Public Laws, and Executive Orders; and the digest files contain the West Publishing Company's Digests as they appear in the printed volumes. The data base is frequently updated and expanded to meet the needs of the federal legal community. The general legal data base currently includes the full text of over 225,000 federal cases, including headnotes, as well as headnotes from over 475,000 state court cases. The data base also contains a large number of statutory, regulatory, and administrative files. The following pages contain a summary of the JURIS data base.

CASELAW U.S. Reports (pre l976) Supreme Court Reporter (1976 present) Federal Reporter, 2nd series Federal Supplement Court of Claims Court of Military Review Federal Rules Decisions Military Justice Reporter Atlantic 2nd Reporter (D.C. cases) Claims Court Reporter Bankruptcy Reporter

STATUTORY LAW

Public Laws United States Code Executive Orders Civil Works Laws

DIGESTS

Regional Digests Modern Federal Practice Digest

TAX

Tax Division Summons Enforcement Decisions

ADMINISTRATIVE LAW

Published Comptroller General Decisions Unpublished Comptroller General Decisions Opinions of the Attorney General Boards of Contract Appeals Decisions Federal Labor Relations Authority Decisions Federal Labor Relations Council HUD Administrative Law Decisions Merit Systems Protection Board Decisions Office of Legal Counsel Memorandums Board of Immigration Appeals Decisions

REGS

Code of Federal Regulations Unified Agenda of Federal Regulations

INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS

United States Treaties Bevans: Treaties and Other International Agreements Unpublished International Agreements

BRIEFS

Office of the Solicitor General Briefs Civil Division Appellate Briefs Civil Rights Division Appellate Briefs Land and Natural Resources Division Appellate Briefs Civil Division Trial Briefs

INDLAW

Opinions of the Solicitor Ratified and Unratified Treaties Presidential Proclamations Executive Orders

FOIA

FOIA Update Newsletter FOIA Short Guide

SHEPARD'S CITATIONS

United States Reports Supreme Court Reporter Lawyer's Edition (1st & 2nd Series) Federal Reporter Federal Reporter, Second Series Federal Supplement Federal Rules Decisions Court of Claims Court Martial Reports Military Justice Reporter

I. OVERVIEW: VI. CONCLUSION

When used properly, JURIS can be an invaluable research tool. It is important to remember, however, that JURIS is not designed or intended to replace the law library. It is a unique research tool that can be used in conjunction with other research tools. As with other information sources, its value to you depends on a combination of your research skills and an understanding of the JURIS system. The primary function of automated legal research is to locate relevant documents in the shortest period of time, leaving more time for you to read and analyze them. No reference tool can displace the need for a knowledge of the facts and a solid overview of the principles of law likely to be involved in each research problem.
PART II - TERMINAL OPERATIONS. Section I INTRODUCTION

The JURIS terminal communicates with the central computer in Washington, D.C., via telephone lines. This two way communication between the terminal and the computer requires the intervention of a device called a modem. The modem converts the characters that appear on the terminal's video screen into electronic impulses, which are then carried through telephone lines to a modem located in the Data Center in Washington, D.C., and then to the central computer. When a connection between the terminal and the central computer is established, messages are sent back to the terminal and displayed on the video screen.

A. Sign On 1. Custom Terminals The following instructions describe the steps required to establish the communication link between the terminal and the computer. a. Turn the terminal on by pressing the red POWER switch. The cursor, a flashing green rectangle, will appear in the upper left corner of the video display screen. The cursor marks the point where the typed characters will appear on the screen. As you type on the keyboard, the cursor will advance across the line as the typed characters appear on the screen. b. Press the button labeled TALK on the telephone located next to the terminal to get a dial tone. Dial the JURIS access number posted on the terminal. Usually, the JURIS access number will be a local telephone number which will connect the terminal with JURIS. c. When JURIS electronically answers with a high pitched tone, press the red button labeled HOLD on the phone and hang up the receiver. If JURIS does not answer with a high pitched tone or if there is a busy signal or continuous ringing, dial your access number again or call JURIS User Assistance on FTS 633 4537. d. After you complete steps a c, the connection with the JURIS computer should be established. A series of messages will appear briefly on the screen as the terminal automatically identifies itself to the computer. Do not type in anything until the message TO SIGN ON, PLEASE ENTER YOUR USER ID AND TRANSMIT appears on the screen. In response, you should enter your eight digit user ID number and transmit it to the computer by pressing the green key labeled XMIT. A red light shining through the transmit key indicates that the computer is waiting for you to enter your next command. Please note that your ID number will not appear on the screen as you type it. Instead, the cursor will advance across the line leaving blank spaces as you type in your number. e. If the identification number transmitted to the central computer is a valid number, JURIS will automatically complete the rest of the sign on procedure. You will then be given a series of prompts to select a research group and a research file. Once you have made the group and file selections, JURIS will be ready to execute a research request. The sign on procedure may differ slightly in some locations depending on the type of equipment being used. The appropriate sign on procedure is usually posted on the front of the terminal. 2. Teletype Terminals The sign on procedure for each teletype terminal varies according to the type of terminal being used. The appropriate sign on procedure should be posted on the front of each terminal. B. Recovering Saved Search Results If you previously performed research using JURIS and asked that it be saved, entering your JURIS ID number will prompt JURIS to inquire:

DO YOU WANT TO RESUME YOUR RESEARCH IN THE GENLEGAL LIBRARY?

For custom and teletype terminals, if your response is YES, press the Y key and the XMIT or RETURN key. JURIS will immediately display your SEARCH HISTORY from the earlier research session. You may then continue your research. If you no longer wish to pursue the research that is stored and the response to the above inquiry is NO, press the N key, then the XMIT or RETURN key. If you stored research from a prior session, this will be the only chance you have to retrieve it. A NO response to the above inquiry will cause all prior research results stored under the ID number to be erased. Similarly, if someone else uses your ID number and responds NO to the same question, all your research will be erased.
PART II - TERMINAL OPERATIONS. Section II CHOOSING A RESEARCH GROUP & FILE

A. Selecting a Research Group

Once you have identified yourself to JURIS by entering your user ID number, a display of all the groups or libraries available for searching will appear on the screen. A message at the top of the listing will then prompt you to select a group. To make your selection, type the name of the group you would like to search and press the XMIT or RETURN key. B. Selecting a Research File After you select a research group, JURIS will automatically display the files that are included in that group. A message reminds you to select a file by typing the file name and pressing the XMIT or RETURN key. Once you have selected a file, JURIS is ready to execute search requests in that file. The file arrangement in each of the file groups is significant for several reasons. First, search time is determined partially by the size of the file in which the research is performed. For example, when looking for recent Supreme Court cases on a particular topic, using the USHOT file will save a substantial amount of time because JURIS only will search cases decided by the Supreme Court since 1976. Second, the file arrangement provides the option of selecting combinations of files in which to search. For example, the US file is a cumulative file. When it is selected as a research file and a search is performed, JURIS actually searches separately in the USHOT file and in the USRCNT file, then combines and reports the results as a single set of cases. You should always study the file arrangements as they are displayed on the screen. The JURIS files will change periodically when the data base is updated and expanded. C. Changing Groups JURIS will search in only one file or cumulative file such as US, F2D, or FSUP, at a time. Your research group or file may be changed at any time without the loss of prior research results by issuing the CHANGE GROUP command. The instructions for issuing this command are listed below. 1. Custom Terminals Press the CHANGE GROUP key. In response to this command, JURIS will display the different research groups or libraries available for searching. 2. Teletype Terminals Enter: cg then press the RETURN key. In response to this command, a list of available groups or libraries will appear on the screen. D. Changing Research Files More often, you will want to stay within a particular research group, e.g., CASELAW, but will want to change the research file. The instructions for changing files are listed below. 1. Custom Terminals To display the files available in the current group, press the CHANGE FILE key. 2. Teletype Terminals To display the files available in the current research group, enter: cf and press the RETURN key. In both situations, you will be prompted to select a file and transmit that selection to the computer. E. Shortcut Method of Changing Groups and Files Once you are familiar with the lists of contents that are displayed when you use the CHANGE GROUP and CHANGE FILE commands, you may avoid viewing these lists by using the display shortcuts listed below. 1. Custom Terminals To change groups, type in the name of your desired group then press the CHANGE GROUP key. To change files, type in the name of your desired file and press the CHANGE FILE key. 2. Teletype Terminals To change groups on a teletype terminal, enter: cg, leave a space, enter the name of your desired group, and press the RETURN key. For example, to change from the CASELAW group to the STATLAW group, enter: cg statlaw, then press the RETURN key. JURIS will automatically change your group to STATLAW. To change files, enter: cf, leave a space, enter the name of your desired file and then press the RETURN key. For example, to change from the F2DHOT file to the USHOT file, enter: cf ushot, then press the RETURN key. JURIS will automatically change your file, bypassing the display listing the files available for searching.
PART II - TERMINAL OPERATIONS. Section III SEARCHING

A. Entering a Search Request

Once you select a group and a file, you are ready to enter your search request. A search request is made up of words, numbers, phrases, or a combination thereof to be retrieved from the JURIS files. When you enter a search request, JURIS searches an index of all the words, numbers or characters contained in the file you have selected. When JURIS finds the terms contained in your search expression, it will retrieve the cases that contain those terms and store them in its memory. Because JURIS is a literal system, you must enter your search request exactly as you want JURIS to search for it. For example, if you type in the term SEX DISCRIMINATION, JURIS will only retrieve cases that contain SEX DISCRIMINATION and will not retrieve cases containing variations of this expression. 1. Custom Terminals To begin a search, type in the word, series of words, or numbers, then press the SEARCH key. If the request has been executed properly, JURIS will begin the retrieval process. The BUSY light on the keyboard will light up indicating that JURIS is searching for your request. 2. Teletype Terminals To begin a search, enter: the letter s, leave a space, type in your search expression, then press the RETURN key. The cursor should drop down to the next line indicating the search is in progress. If the search expression you enter is unintelligible to JURIS, an error message will appear on the screen. To receive more information in response to the error message, press the HELP key (or type the word help and press the RETURN key). The search expression may then be edited or reentered. When the changes have been made, remember to place the cursor at the end of the revised search expression before initiating a new search command. After your search has been completed, JURIS will create a set of documents. Each document in the set will contain the requested search expression. If JURIS has not found any cases or decisions containing your search expression, the message:

NO DOCUMENTS MEET REQUESTED SEARCH CRITERIA

will appear on the screen. At this point, you can change or edit your search expression and begin a new search. B. Stopping a Search You may stop a search at any time prior to the computer's response to your search request. 1. Custom Terminals To stop a search in progress, press the red STOP key. JURIS will respond with the message:

SEARCH STOPPED, PRESS HELP IF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION NEEDED.

A list of the available options will appear on the screen if you press the HELP key. You can edit or replace the search expression at any time and begin a new search. 2. Teletype Terminals To stop an on going search, press the STOP, BREAK, or INTERRUPT key or type in the word STOP. As there are many variations of this command for different pieces of equipment, it may be best to consult your equipment manual for the appropriate STOP procedure. C. Editing Search Requests 1. Custom Terminals The cursor indicates where the next character you type will appear. The cursor is found in the HOME position at the upper left hand corner of the screen when JURIS is waiting for a response or has completed a command. If the cursor is located in a different position on the screen, press the HOME key to return the cursor to the HOME position. To change or edit search expressions or typed messages, use the keys located on the bottom row of the keyboard. The four arrow keys cause the cursor to move one position in the direction indicated. These keys are self repeating, i.e., pressing or holding down any of the keys causes continuous movement of the cursor in the direction indicated until the keys are released. To insert a character omitted in a search expression, you should move the cursor with an arrow key to the position that the omitted character should occupy. Press the INSRT CHAR key which produces a blank space in that position, then type in the omitted character. Always return the cursor via the arrow keys to the end of the typed expression. If more than one character is to be inserted, press the INSRT CHAR key a sufficient number of times to allow room for all new characters to be inserted. To delete a character, move the cursor to the position of the character to be deleted and press the DEL CHAR key. This erases the character and causes all the characters to the right of the cursor to move one position to the left. To delete more than one character, position the cursor over the first character to be deleted and continue to press the DEL CHAR key until all characters to be deleted have disappeared. 2. Teletype Terminals Editing search expressions on a teletype terminal varies from terminal to terminal. Consult the equipment manual for the editing functions of your terminal.
PART II - TERMINAL OPERATIONS. Section IV VIEWING SEARCH RESULTS - DISPLAY FORMATS

At the completion of a successful search, JURIS will respond with a message, such as:

SET/1 CREATED 905 DOCUMENTS 1229 POINTS OF INTEREST. This means that as a result of searching for the terms you entered, JURIS has found 905 documents containing the search expression. POINTS OF INTEREST are the number of times the search expression appears within the 905 documents JURIS has located. There are three different formats which can be used to view or display retrieved documents: CITE, FULL, or KWIC. A. CITE The CITE command will produce a list of citations of all the cases, statutes, or decisions in the most recent set you have created. In most of the JURIS libraries, the documents are sorted and displayed in reverse chronological order (i.e., the most recent cases are listed first). In the CASELAW group, a set may also contain decisions reported from different courts (e.g., the search results are from the HOTCASES or ALLCASES file). In this group, the cases from the highest court will be listed first in reverse chronological order, followed by cases in the next highest court also listed in reverse chronological order. In selected ADMIN group libraries, the documents appear in numerical order. Please check with JURIS User Assistance if you have questions regarding a particular file. 1. Custom Terminals Pressing the CITE key will produce a list of the citations in the most recent set you have created. If you want to display a list of citations of a set other than the most recently created set, press the SET/ key, type the number of the set you wish to display, then press the CITE key. 2. Teletype Terminals To display the list of citations included in the most recent set, enter: cite and press the RETURN key. If you would like to display a list of citations of a set other than the most recent set, enter the letter d, a space, set/, the number of the set you wish to display, a comma, and type cite. For example, to display set/5, enter: d set/5,cite and press the RETURN key. B. FULL The FULL command will permit you to view the entire text of any retrieved document one page at a time. The page number for each displayed page will appear in the upper right hand corner of the screen. These pages do not correspond to the printed pages in the text. There are approximately three JURIS pages or screens for each text page. As the document is displayed on the screen in the full text, the search term(s) will also be highlighted. 1. Custom Terminals To display the full text of the first document of the most recent set, press the FULL key. To display any other document, press the SET/ key, type the set number of the document you wish to display, a decimal point, the number of the document and press FULL. For example, to display document number 5 in SET/2 enter: SET/2.5 and press the FULL key. 2. Teletype Terminals Enter: full and press the RETURN key to view the first document of the most recent set in the full text. To display any other document, enter: the letter d, a space, set/, the number of the set containing the desired document, a decimal point, the number of the document, a comma, and full. For example to display document 5 in SET/2 enter: d set/2.5,full and press the RETURN key. Once the document is displayed, an asterisk (*) will appear before and after the search term within the text. An asterisk will also appear in the right margin to indicate the line where the search term occurs. The asterisks are used in lieu of highlighting on teletype terminal equipment. C. KWIC Keyword in Context The KWIC command will permit you to view an excerpt from the document containing the term or terms included in your search expression. The purpose of the KWIC display is to help you decide whether the displayed document will be of value to your research. The standard KWIC display includes three sentences: the sentence containing your search expression, one sentence before, and one sentence after. As with the full display format, the search expressions contained in a KWIC display will be highlighted. 1. Custom Terminals To display the first document in the most recent set, press the KWIC key. If you wish to display a document from a prior set in KWIC, press the SET/ key, type the number of the set containing the document, a decimal point, the document number,and press KWIC. For example, to display document 9 in SET/3 you would enter: SET/3.9 and press the KWIC key. 2. Teletype Terminals To display the first document in the most recent set, enter: kwic, and press the RETURN key. If you wish to display any other document from your research in the KWIC format, enter: the letter d, leave a space, set/, the set number, a decimal point, the number of the document, a comma, kwic, and press RETURN. For example, to display document number 9 in set/3, you would enter: d set/3.9,kwic and press RETURN. D. Changing KWIC Size The standard KWIC display for each document includes a three sentence excerpt. The KWIC size for this standard excerpt will be listed as KWIC SIZE IS 1 on the screen to indicate the sentence containing the search term, as well as one sentence before and one sentence after. The KWIC window size will always appear at the top of the screen when you are displaying a document in the KWIC format. If the standard KWIC window does not provide enough information to determine the relevancy of the document to your issue, the size of the display window may be changed using the CHG KWIC SIZE command. 1. Custom Terminals To enlarge the KWIC window, enter the number of sentences you want to appear on either side of the sentence containing your search expression, then press the CHG KWIC SIZE key. For example, if you want three sentences to appear before and after the sentence containing your search word(s), enter 3, then press the CHG KWIC SIZE key. If you enter 0 and press the CHG KWIC SIZE key, JURIS will display only the sentence in which your search term appears. 2. Teletype Terminals To change the KWIC size when using a teletype terminal, enter: cks, a space, the number of sentences you want to appear before and after your search expression, then press the RETURN key. For example, when you want two (2) sentences to appear before and after the sentence containing your search word or phrase, enter: cks 2, then press the RETURN key. If you change the KWIC window while viewing the document in KWIC, the same document will be displayed from the beginning with the new window size. The window size will remain the same until you change it again or until the research session is ended. Beginning a new research session, i.e., signing on again, will cause the KWIC window to return to the usual three sentence display.
PART II - TERMINAL OPERATIONS. Section V CHANGING DISPLAY FORMATS

A. Changing Formats Within the Same Set

1. Custom Terminals You may switch freely from one viewing format to another by pressing one of the three display keys, CITE,FULL, or KWIC. For example, to change from KWIC to FULL, press the FULL key and the same document will be displayed in the FULL format. JURIS will display the first page in FULL text regardless of the page you were displaying in the KWIC format. To return to a particular keyword, press the PAGE TO KEYWORD key. 2. Teletype Terminals To change formats, enter: the name of the format you wish to view, then press the RETURN key. When you change to the CITE format, you will be looking at the first page of the citation list for that set regardless of the document you were viewing prior to selecting the CITE format. Similarly, when switching from the CITE format to either KWIC or FULL, JURIS will display the first document in the set in the format you have selected. B. Changing Formats in Different Sets 1. Custom Terminals To switch formats in different sets: a. choose the set desired by pressing the SET/ key followed by the number of the set, and b. press the format key of your choice. For example, if you are currently looking at a document in SET/6 in FULL and wish to return to the first document in SET/4 in KWIC, press the SET/ key, type in the number 4, then press the KWIC key. However, if you press a format key with no new set indicated, JURIS will assume that you want to remain in the present display set. 2. Teletype Terminals To change your display format when switching between sets, enter: the letter d, leave a space, set/, the number of the desired set, a comma, and the specified format. For example, if you are currently viewing a document in SET/6 in FULL and wish to display the first document in SET/4 in KWIC enter: d SET/4,kwic and press the RETURN key.
PART II - TERMINAL OPERATIONS. Section VI THE BROWSING COMMAND

You may move forward or backward among the retrieved documents page by page, document by document, or by skipping pages or documents. The commands involved in these operations are called the browsing commands. The operation of the nine browsing commands is outlined below.

A. PAGE FORWARD The PAGE FORWARD command will display the next sequential page of the text in the FULL format. When using this command in the CITE or KWIC formats, a PAGE FORWARD command will display the next page of KWIC excerpts or the next page of citations. If you page forward from the last page of a document, JURIS will display the first page of the succeeding document. Morever, paging forward when there are no additional documents in the set will cause the following message to appear on the screen:

BEGINNING OR END OF SET REACHED; NO MORE DOCUMENTS AVAILABLE.

1. Custom Terminals To page forward, press the PAGE FORWARD key. If you would like to skip pages, enter the number of pages you would like to advance and press the PAGE FORWARD key. 2. Teletype Terminals To page forward, enter: pf, then press the RETURN key. To skip pages, enter: pf, leave a space, the number of pages you wish to skip, then press the RETURN key. To advance to a specific page, enter: the letter p, leave a space, the number of the page, and press the RETURN key. For example, to display page 8, enter: p 8 and press the RETURN key. B. PAGE BACK The PAGE BACK command in the FULL format will display the previous page in FULL. When using this command in the CITE or KWIC formats, JURIS will display the previous page which contains KWIC excerpts or a list of citations. 1. Custom Terminals Pressing the PAGE BACK key will return you to the previous page of the document. To skip pages backward, i.e., to go from the end of a document to the beginning of that document, enter the number of pages you wish to skip and press the PAGE BACK key. 2. Teletype Terminals To PAGE BACK, enter: pb and press the RETURN key. To PAGE BACK more than one page, enter: pb, a space, the number of pages you wish to skip, and press the RETURN key. The current page number and the total number of screen pages in the document appear in the upper right hand corner of the screen. Again, JURIS pages do not correspond to the pages in a book; there are approximately three JURIS pages for each page of printed text. C. PAGE TO KEYWORD The PAGE TO KEYWORD command is used in the FULL format to display the document pages which contain your search terms. In the KWIC format, the PAGE TO KEYWORD command will advance the display from one KWIC excerpt to the next. This command is not applicable in the CITE format. If this command is issued when there are no more keywords in the document being displayed, JURIS will display the first page of the next document. 1. Custom Terminals To display the next occurrence of a keyword in the FULL text, press the PAGE TO KEYWORD key. You may also skip occurrences of a keyword by entering a number before you press this key. For example, to skip to the third occurrence of the keyword, enter the number 3, and press the PAGE TO KEYWORD key. 2. Teletype Terminals To execute a PAGE TO KEYWORD command on a teletype terminal, enter: pk and press the RETURN key. To skip to the third occurrence of the keyword, enter: pk, leave a space, the number 3, and press the RETURN key. D. PAGE KEYWORD BACK The PAGE KEYWORD BACK command will display the previous page containing the keyword in the FULL format. In the KWIC format, this command will display the prior page containing the KWIC excerpts. 1. Custom Terminals To return to the previous page containing the keyword, press the PAGE KYWD BACK key. You may also skip prior occurrences of the keyword by entering the number of keywords you wish to skip and pressing the PAGE KYWD BACK key. 2. Teletype Terminals To return to the previous page containing the keyword, enter: the letter p, leave a space, a minus sign, and press the RETURN key. To skip prior occurrences of the keyword on a teletype terminal, enter: pkb, the number of keywords to be skipped, and press the RETURN key. E. DOCUMENT FORWARD The DOCUMENT FORWARD command will display the first page of the succeeding document in the set in the FULL or KWIC format. 1. Custom Terminals To display the next document, press the DOCUMENT FORWARD key. If you would like to skip a number of documents rather than display the next document, enter the number of documents you wish to skip and press the DOCUMENT FORWARD key. 2. Teletype Terminals To advance one document forward enter: df and press the RETURN key. This will display the first page of the next document in the set. To advance more than one document at a time, enter: df, leave a space, the number of documents you wish to advance, and press the RETURN key. F. DOCUMENT BACK This command will display the first page of the previous document in the set. 1. Custom Terminals To return to the first page of the previous document, press the DOC BACK key. To skip several documents, enter the number of documents you wish to skip and press the DOC BACK key. 2. Teletype Terminals To display the first page of the previous document, enter: db and press the RETURN key. To skip back a number of documents, enter: db, leave a space, the number of documents you wish to skip, and press the RETURN key. G. FIRST PAGE The FIRST PAGE command will return you to the first page of the document presently being displayed. 1. Custom Terminals To return to the first page of the document currently displayed, press the FIRST PAGE key. 2. Teletype Terminals To return to the first page of the document you are viewing, enter: fp and press the RETURN key. H. FIRST DOCUMENT The FIRST DOCUMENT command will return you to the first document in the set currently being displayed. 1. Custom Terminals To view the first document of the set being displayed, press the FIRST DOC key. 2. Teletype Terminals To display the first document of the set you are viewing, enter: fd and press the RETURN key. I. SPECIFIC DOCUMENT The SPECIFIC DOCUMENT command is used to display a particular document from a citation list which is being displayed on the screen. This command will always display the document in the KWIC format. 1. Custom Terminals To display a specific document from a citation list, enter the number of the document to be displayed and press the SPECIFIC DOC key. For example, if you would like to display document 8 on the screen, type in the number 8, then press the SPECIFIC DOC key. 2. Teletype Terminals To display a particular document from a citation list, enter: sd, leave a space, the number of the document you wish to display, and press the RETURN key. For example, to display document 8 in the citation list, enter: sd 8 and press the RETURN key.
PART II - TERMINAL OPERATIONS. Section VII PRINTING

Any material displayed on your terminal screen may be printed on your printer or at the Justice Data Center located in Washington, D.C.

A. Local Printing Local printing involves the use of a printer attached to the terminal at your location. Printing is limited to reproducing the contents of the terminal screen. Since only one page at a time can be printed, you will have to wait for one page to be printed before you can begin to print the next page. 1. Custom Terminals Before attempting to print locally, check to see if the power switch for the printer is ON. To print the material currently on the screen, press the START PRINT key. The printer will print from the point where the cursor is located and stop at the end of the screen. If you wish to print only selected portions of the screen, position the cursor at the point on the page where you want the printing to stop. At this point, press the END MARK key. This will cause a triangle to appear at that particular point on the screen, and the cursor to return to the HOME position. Once this is accomplished, press the START PRINT key. The printer will print out all of the material on the screen until it reaches the triangle marking the end of the material to be printed. The printer may be stopped at any point during printing by pressing the STOP PRINT key. 2. Teletype Terminals To print locally, consult your equipment manual for the specific printing functions of your terminal. B. Remote Printing Generally, remote printing is used when the amount of material to be printed is too large to print locally. Remote printing may be used to print either an entire set of documents or individual documents. The printing is performed at the Justice Data Center in Washington, D.C. Printing remotely reduces the time spent on line at the terminal. The printed material is sent to you by first class mail the next working day after the request is made. There is a fee charged for material printed at the Data Center facilities. 1. Custom Terminals Pressing the REMOTE PRINT key on a custom terminal will trigger the following message: PLEASE PRESS SET/ THEN ENTER THE NUMBER OF THE SET YOU WISH TO PRINT. In response to this message, enter the number of the set that you wish to print and press the XMIT key. You may choose to print only one document or selected documents within a set. To make your selection, enter the number, or range of numbers of the documents to be printed. For example, to print document 5 in SET/3, enter: SET/3.5 and press the XMIT key. To print a range of documents, e.g., documents 2 through 8 in SET/5, enter: SET/5.2:8, and press the XMIT key. Once you have entered the set of documents (or selected documents within a set) to be printed, the computer will request the desired format in which to print the materials, FULL, CITE or KWIC. The following message will appear on the screen: PLEASE PRESS FULL, KWIC OR CITE TO SPECIFY DESIRED FORMAT. You should respond by pressing the key which corresponds to the appropriate format. In response to a request for remote printing, JURIS can only print a fixed number of characters of information at one time. Depending on the size of each document and the format that you are printing it in, (i.e., printing a document in FULL requires many more characters than printing in KWIC), a single REMOTE PRINT command may not print all the documents that you have requested. If this occurs, the following message will appear on the screen: YOU HAVE PRINTED THROUGH DOCUMENTS XXXXX, PRESS MORE FOR MORE. XXXXX is a number indicating the last document printed. You should respond to the message by pressing the MORE key. JURIS will again attempt to complete your print request. If there is still too much material to be printed via another print command, the above message will reappear and reflect the number of documents printed. You will have to continue the process of pressing the MORE key until your entire print request has been satisfied. When the printing is completed, the following message will appear on the screen:

YOUR PRINT REQUEST IS COMPLETE.

You may at any time during this process decide not to continue with the printing and return to your regular research. In that event, only those documents already completed will be sent to you. (See the following section, Terminating the Research Session for an explanation of how to specify a mailing address.) NOTE: When requesting a remote print, do not sign off JURIS using the short cut method. Sign off by pressing the END SEARCH key, and respond YES (Y) to the question whether you want your research saved. A YES response will trigger further questions regarding your remote print. 2. Teletype Terminals To request a REMOTE PRINT when you are using a teletype terminal enter: pr and press the RETURN key. The terminal will respond with the message: PLEASE PRESS SET/ THEN ENTER THE NUMBER OF THE SET YOU WISH TO PRINT. In response to this message, enter: the number of the set you wish to print and press the RETURN key. You may choose to print only one document or selected documents within a set. For example, if you decide to print document 5 in SET/3, enter: set/3.5 and press RETURN. If you choose to print a range of documents, e.g., documents 2 through 8 in SET/5, enter: set/5.2:8 and press the RETURN key. Once you have specified the documents to be printed, JURIS will ask you to designate a print format, CITE, FULL, or KWIC. You should respond by typing in the desired format and pressing the RETURN key. At times, a single REMOTE PRINT command may not be able to accommodate the large volume of material you have requested. If this situation arises, the following message will appear on the screen: YOU HAVE PRINTED THROUGH DOCUMENTS XXXXX, PRESS MORE FOR MORE. XXXXX is a number which indicates the last document printed. You should respond to the message by entering: more and pressing the RETURN key. JURIS will again attempt to complete your remote print. If there is still too much material to be printed, the message will appear again and reflect the new number of documents which have been printed. You will have to continue the process of entering more until your entire request has been satisfied. When the printing is completed the message will appear on the screen.

YOUR PRINT REQUEST IS COMPLETE.

You may decide at any time during the process not to continue with the printing and return to your regular research. In that event, only those documents already completed will be sent to you.
PART II - TERMINAL OPERATIONS. Section VIII TERMINATING THE RESEARCH SESSION

A. The End Search Command

1. Custom Terminals When your research is complete and you wish to end your research session, press the END SEARCH key. The computer will respond with the question:

DO YOU WANT TO SAVE THE RESULTS OF YOUR RESEARCH ?

If you respond YES (type in Y or YES and press RETURN), JURIS will save the research results from the session and store them until you decide to erase them or until 9 P.M. Saturday of that week (Eastern Time), whichever is sooner. If you respond NO (type in N or NO and press RETURN), the results of your research will be erased. 2. Teletype Terminals To end the research session and destroy your research enter: e s and press the RETURN key. To end the session and save your research enter: e save and press RETURN. B. Changing the Address on a Remote Print If you have requested a REMOTE PRINT during your research session, the computer will check to see if you still want the print as you sign off the system. At that time JURIS will ask:

DO YOU STILL WANT THE REMOTE PRINT YOU REQUESTED?

The only options at this point are YES (Y) or NO (N). If you respond with a NO, JURIS will ignore your previous request for a REMOTE PRINT and sign you off the system. If you respond with a YES, JURIS will ask you one additional question:

DO YOU WANT TO ADD A TITLE OR CHANGE THE ADDRESS IN YOUR PRINT?

If you are operating a custom JURIS terminal, you will be able to change the address and name listed on your remote print. This also provides you with an opportunity to provide a title or some information describing your printed material. If you are using a teletype terminal this question must always be answered NO. There is presently no way to modify this information on this type of equipment Once you supply this information to JURIS, your sign off will be complete.
PART III - KEYBOARD. Section I INTRODUCTION

The keys making up the JURIS custom terminal keyboard can be divided into eight groups: seven sets of functional keys and one group of miscellaneous keys. The eight groups of keys include:

A. Typing keys B. Connector keys C. Editing keys D. Command keys E. Display or Format keys F. Browsing keys G. Printing keys H. Miscellaneous Function keys
PART III - KEYBOARD. Section II TYPING KEYS

This group of keys consists of a standard typewriter keyboard. There is no need for capitalization when you use these keys since JURIS does not distinguish between upper and lower case letters.

PART III - KEYBOARD. Section III CONNECTOR KEYS

These keys are used to include the connector commands as part of your search expression. The connector keys are arranged on the keyboard from left to right in the order of their hierarchy within JURIS. Thus, the OR connector has the highest priority and the BUT NOT the lowest. A brief description of each connector key is included below.

A. OR : This connector allows you to search simultaneously for synonyms, associated words, or spelling variations. Only one of the words need appear in the retrieved document. For example, the search expression, AUTOMOBILE OR AUTO OR CAR OR VEHICLE, will retrieve documents which contain any one of these words. B. S/ : This connector is not yet operational. C. W/ : This connector requires that the terms specified in your search expression occur within the same sentence. No particular order is implied. When this connector is used in conjunction with a number, the terms must appear in the same sentence and within the number of words specified. D. P/ : This connector requires that the search terms appear in the same sentence and that the term to the left of P/ precede the term to the right. As with the W/ connector a number of intervening words may be specified. E. AND : This connector requires that all the terms specified in the search expression appear in the document. F. BUT NOT : This connector will locate all documents containing the term to the left of the connector and eliminate all documents in that group containing the term to the right. G. SET/ : This key is grouped within this category even though it is not a connector key. It should be used when combining previously created sets or when retrieving these sets for display. A number must be entered after SET/ to designate the desired set.
PART III - KEYBOARD. Section IV EDITING OR CURSOR CONTROL KEYS

The keys which control the movement of the cursor and provide the capability of editing information on the screen are located in the bottom three rows of the JURIS keyboard. These keys include: the Arrow keys, the HOME key, the INSRT CHAR key, the DEL CHAR key, the NEW LINE key, the CLEAR LINE key, and the Space Bar.

A. Arrow Keys : These keys may be used to move the cursor up, down, left or right on the screen. Each of the arrow keys will move the cursor in the direction indicated. By pressing the key once, the cursor will move one position. For repeated movement of the cursor in any direction, hold down the appropriate arrow key. By using the arrow keys to move the cursor, you can revise information on the screen and not erase any of the characters in the cursor's path. You may return to an error at the beginning of your entry, change it, and return the cursor to the end of the expression without having to reenter everything following the changed character. B. HOME : Pressing the HOME key will return the cursor to a position in the upper left hand corner of the screen. This position is referred to as the HOME position. C. INSRT CHAR : This key may be used to insert a character in your search expression. To insert a character, position the cursor at the point where you want to include the new character. Once the cursor is in place, press the INSRT CHAR key. This causes all of the characters to the right of the cursor to move one position to the right. A blank space will then appear on the screen. At this point, type in the character you wish to insert. D. DEL CHAR : The DEL CHAR key is used to remove a previously typed character. To delete a character, use the arrow keys to position the cursor over the character to be deleted and press the DEL CHAR key. All the characters to the right of the cursor will be moved one position to the left and the character beneath the cursor will be erased. E. NEW LINE : The NEW LINE key is used to move the cursor forward to a position on the next line of the terminal screen. F. CLEAR LINE : This key is used to erase material in any given line on the terminal screen. The CLEAR LINE key is used primarly to erase an entire search expression when you have entered part of the expression incorrectly and wish to retype the search request. G. Space Bar : The Space Bar is used to insert blank spaces in your search expression and to erase characters which appear on the terminal screen.
PART III - KEYBOARD. Section V COMMAND KEYS

The JURIS command keys are the black keys located in the upper two rows of the JURIS keyboard. These keys perform a variety of functions. A description of the ten command keys is given below.

A. SEARCH : This key initiates your search requests. Once you have selected the group and file for your search, enter your search expression, then press the SEARCH key. Remember JURIS will only search for the terms exactly as you have entered them. The system will not be able to detect misspelled words or typing errors. After you press the SEARCH key, the BUSY light located above the XMIT key will light up indicating that JURIS is processing your search request. If your search seems to be taking an inordinate amount of time, press the XMIT key to make sure that JURIS is still searching. When you press the XMIT key, the BUSY light will go out. If your search is still being processed, the BUSY light will come back on. If the light remains out, however, there is either a problem with your equipment or the system in Washington. Call JURIS User Assistance to determine the nature of the problem. B. SEARCH HISTORY : The SEARCH HISTORY key displays a summary of your prior searches. A list of all the searches you have performed will appear on the screen with the most recent search request at the top of the list. Also included among the sets is a record of any file changes that have taken place. Having your SEARCH HISTORY on the screen is invaluable when combining the different sets you have created. C. CHANGE GROUP : The CHANGE GROUP key is used to change from the current group of files to a different group. When you press the CHANGE GROUP key, JURIS will display the available groups for a new selection. The CHANGE GROUP command will not cause the loss of the results of your prior searches. All prior search results will be stored in your SEARCH HISTORY and may be displayed at any time. D. CHANGE FILE : This key is used to change to a different file within the same group. Changing files will not cause the loss of prior research in different files. In addition, the SEARCH HISTORY will reflect each new file selected. E. DISPLAY SEGMENTS : The DISPLAY SEGMENTS key displays a listing of the segments (parts of the document) available for searching on JURIS. The segments available for each file depend on the file contents. F. KEEP : The KEEP key places individual documents or entire sets of documents in a set called the KEEP set. This can be used as a storage place for relevant documents encountered during the examination of a given set. The documents stored in the KEEP set (SET/0) are treated like those of any set created as a result of a search. The KEEP set can be printed, or combined with other sets. Pressing the KEEP key while looking at a document in KWIC or FULL places only that document in the KEEP set. Pressing SET/, entering the number of the set, then pressing the KEEP key places the entire set in the KEEP set. G. END SEARCH : This key terminates your research session. After pressing the END SEARCH key, JURIS will ask if you wish to save the results of your research. In addition, if you have requested a remote print, JURIS will initiate a series of questions regarding your request. Remember always use the END SEARCH key when terminating your research session. H. HELP : This key provides you with information in response to JURIS error messages. After pressing the HELP key, JURIS will respond with the appropriate message. I. RECREATE : This key duplicates a search previously completed in another file. To RECREATE a search, you must change your file, enter the set number you want to duplicate in the new file, and press the RECREATE key. J. SHEPARDIZE : This key tells JURIS to SHEPARDIZE the citation or case which appears on the screen. You may also enter a case cite directly and press this key.
PART III - KEYBOARD. Section VI DISPLAY KEYS

The display keys are the four light green keys located in the lower right hand corner of the keyboard. They are used to display the documents that have been retrieved by JURIS. A description of each of the display keys is included below.

A. CITE : This key displays a list of citations. When the CITE key is pressed, JURIS will list the citations of the documents in the most recently created set. To display a citation list for a previously created set, press the SET/ key, enter the number of the the set, then press CITE. For example, to display the citations of the documents included in SET/3, press the SET/ key, enter the number 3, then press CITE. B. FULL : This key displays the full text of a document. If you press the FULL key, JURIS will display the full text of the document one page at a time. C. KWIC (KEYWORD IN CONTEXT) : This key displays the citation line plus those sentences in the text of a document which contain the search terms. The usual size for the KWIC display is one sentence before and one sentence after the sentence containing the keyword(s). D. CHG KWIC SIZE (CHANGE KWIC SIZE) : The CHG KWIC SIZE key changes the the size of the KWIC window. Normally, the KWIC size display consists of the sentence containing the search term plus one preceding sentence and one following sentence. To increase or decrease this KWIC size, enter a number between 0 and 99 (to indicate the total number of sentences desired on each side of the sentence containing the key word), then press CHG KWIC SIZE. For example, if you enter the number 6, and then press the CHG KWIC SIZE key you will display six sentences before and after the key word sentence.
PART III - KEYBOARD. Section VII BROWSING KEYS

Once a viewing format has been selected, the browsing keys allow you to page through, and among, documents. These light green keys are located at the the lower right hand side of the keyboard between the typing keys and the display keys.

A. SPECIFIC DOC : This key changes the JURIS display from a citation listing to a particular document which appears in that list. The selected document will be displayed in the KWIC format. Any document can be examined by entering the document number (chronological number from the CITE listing) and pressing the SPECIFIC DOC key. For example, if you want to display the tenth document from a list of 22 documents, enter the number 10, then press the SPECIFIC DOC key. B. FIRST PAGE : The FIRST PAGE key is used to return to the first page of the document currently being displayed. C. FIRST DOC : The FIRST DOC key produces a display in one of two different formats. Pressing the FIRST DOC key while in the FULL or KWIC format will display the first page of the first document in the current set in the same format. Pressing the FIRST DOC key while in the CITE format will display the first page of the first document in the current set in the KWIC format. D. DOCUMENT FORWARD : The DOCUMENT FORWARD key moves the display ahead to the first page of the next document in the set currently being viewed. If you want to move ahead more than one document at a time, enter the number of documents to be skipped, then press the DOCUMENT FORWARD key. E. DOC BACK : The DOC BACK key displays the first page of the preceding document. In order to move back more than one document at a time, enter the number of documents to be skipped, then press the DOC BACK key. Please note that neither the DOCUMENT FORWARD nor DOC BACK keys will allow movement outside of the current display set. The DOCUMENT FORWARD and DOC BACK commands are not applicable to the CITE format since this format does not reference individual documents. F. PAGE TO KEYWORD : The PAGE TO KEYWORD key is used when you have chosen to display your search results in the FULL format and you want to skip those pages in the document which do not contain your search terms. Using this feature eliminates the need to page through a document one page at a time in order to locate the relevant points. Pressing the PAGE TO KEYWORD key will display the next page in the document which contains a key word. You may skip forward a multiple number of key words by entering the number of occurrences you wish to skip, then pressing the PAGE TO KEYWORD key. If you attempt to skip to the next key word in a document which does not contain any additional key words, JURIS will automatically advance to the first page of the next document. G. PAGE KYWD BACK : This key will display the preceding page containing a key word when JURIS is in the FULL format. You may skip back several key words by specifying a number before pressing the PAGE KYWD BACK key. If you attempt to page to a preceding key word when there are no additional preceding key words, then JURIS will advance to the first page of the same document. H. PAGE FORWARD : When you press this key, JURIS will display the next page of the document. To skip several pages, type the number of pages you wish to advance, then press the PAGE FORWARD key. For example if you are viewing page 20 and wish to display page 27, enter the number 7, and press the PAGE FORWARD key. I. PAGE BACK : This key will display the preceding page of the document on the screen. To skip pages, type the number of pages you wish to skip, then press the PAGE BACK key. For example, to skip to page 10 from page 59, type the number 49, then press the PAGE BACK key.
PART III - KEYBOARD. Section VIII PRINTING KEYS

The five dark gray keys located in the upper right hand corner of the keyboard are used to control printing. The top row of keys is used for printing at your terminal site. The bottom row may be used for printing at the Justice Data Center in Washington, D.C.

A. Local Printing The three keys used to print at your terminal location include: START PRINT, END MARK and STOP PRINT. 1. START PRINT : This key begins the printing operation. Printing will begin at the point where the cursor is positioned when the START PRINT key is pressed. If you have not indicated where you would like the print to end by using the END MARK key, the printer will print the entire screen. You can discontinue printing by using the STOP PRINT key. Before pressing the START PRINT key, be sure you have turned on the printer and read the operating instructions. Once printing has begun you can continue with your research, i.e., paging ahead, changing documents, etc., while the printer continues to print the original page. If, as you continue your research, you find additional material that you would like to print, you must wait until the printer has stopped before using the START PRINT command again. 2. END MARK : This key allows you to select portions of a page for printing. It is used to select the place where you want the printer to stop. In effect, it operates much like the STOP PRINT key except that you have already designated where the printer should stop before entering the print command. Use the arrow keys located on either side of the space bar to move your cursor to the place where you want the printer to stop and then press the END MARK key. 3. STOP PRINT : This key stops the printing taking place on the terminal printer. It may be used at any time during printing. B. Remote Printing There are two keys used for remote printing. They are: 1. REMOTE PRINT : This key requests a hard copy printout of retrieved documents. It is useful when the amount to be printed is more than what can be conveniently done on the terminal printer. The printing is performed at the Justice Data Center in Washington, D.C. and is mailed to the JURIS contact person in your organization the following business day. You may request that an entire set of documents be printed or you may print any number of documents from a set. Documents may be printed in either the FULL, KWIC or CITE format. 2. MORE : This key is designed to assist you when you have a remote print request involving a large number of documents. Since JURIS can only print a fixed number of characters at one time via a single print command the MORE key is used to print further documents.
PART III - KEYBOARD. Section IX MISCELLANEOUS KEYS

A. POWER : This key is used to turn on the terminal before dialing up the computer and to turn it off after search and printing operations are complete. Please make sure you have gone through the END SEARCH sequence before turning the power off.

B. CLEAR : This key is used to clear the screen. Pressing this key will erase all the characters and leave only the cursor in the upper left hand corner of the screen. Do not use this key unless you have received the appropriate instructions for its use. It is not advisable to use this key since it also cancels the automatic sign on procedure. C. RESET : This key clears the screen and breaks the the phone connection. If, however, the CLEAR key has cancelled JURIS' automatic sign on, this key will reinstate this automatic sign on capability. D. BELL : This key eliminates the beep emitted by the terminal after it has processed a command. This beep acts as a signal to inform you that JURIS has completed your command. To reactivate this signal, press the BELL key again. The volume of the beep can be controlled by a volume selector located in the back of the terminal. E. STOP : A search can be interrupted by pressing the red STOP key. Once JURIS receives the STOP request, it will respond with the message: SEARCH STOPPED, PRESS HELP IF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION/ OPTIONS NEEDED. The search expression entered at the time you pressed STOP will be displayed on the screen. At this point, you may edit your expression or enter a new search. F. YES : The YES key is used when you choose a yes response to a question posed by JURIS. This key is used primarily when you want to save the results of your research. To answer YES to a JURIS question, press the Y (YES) key and then XMIT. G. NO : The NO key is used when your answer is NO to a question asked by JURIS. Press the N (NO) key then XMIT. H. RTRN : The RTRN key, located on the keyboard on the R key, allows you to return to the prior page of a display. I. ROLL : This key is not operational.
PART IV - SEARCH TECHNIQUES. Section I INTRODUCTION

A successful JURIS search depends on your ability to formulate a search expression which properly addresses your research question. Since JURIS searches the literal text of documents, your search expressions should contain the exact words you anticipate will occur within the documents you have selected for searching. After you select a research file, JURIS is ready to execute your search request. A search request may consist of a word, number, phrase or combination of these. JURIS will look for each word or phrase exactly as you type it and in precisely the order of appearance indicated. When two or more terms are included within a search expression, JURIS treats each term as an independent component and conducts a separate search for each one. Once these terms are located, JURIS internally compares the results and displays only those documents that meet the order or proximity criteria you specified in your search request. As a general rule, the fewer terms you include in your search expression, the faster JURIS will respond to your search request. Each time JURIS completes a search request a set of documents is created. A set is a collection of all documents within a selected research file that contains your search expression. These sets may be used to create subsequent search expressions.

PART IV - SEARCH TECHNIQUES. Section II SEARCHING

A. Entering A Search Request

1. Custom Terminals To enter a search request, type the search expression and press the SEARCH key. JURIS will locate the relevant documents and a message will appear on the screen when a set has been created. The number of documents contained within this set and the number of points of interest (POI) will be displayed on the screen. Points of interest represent the number of times the term appears in the retrieved documents. 2. Teletype Terminals To enter a search request, enter: the letter s, leave a space, the search expression, and press the RETURN key. For example, if you wanted to locate all documents containing the phrase PLAIN VIEW, you would enter: s plain view and press the RETURN key. B. Search Strategies It is important to consider a number of basic rules prior to formulating your search expression. These rules are listed below. 1. Since JURIS is a literal system, be sure to consider all possible spelling variations as well as variations in terminology. Consider using universal characters (* or ]) or the connectors (OR, W/, P/AND, BUT NOT) to locate relevant documents. 2. To reduce search time, avoid using frequently occurring words such as FEDERAL, ACT, GOVERNMENT, V, or UNITED STATES. 3. There are eighty eight (88) common words included in the JURIS data base which are not searchable. If you include any of these terms within your search expression, JURIS will treat the term as a placeholder. 4. JURIS has not been programmed to consider punctuation which is external to a word as part of a search expression. You should replace this punctuation (commas, parentheses, periods) with a space. You should include all internal punctuation in your search expression, including hyphens, apostrophes, and decimal points. C. Universal Characters To find suffix variations of your search term, you should consider using either the asterisk (*) or the exclamation point (]). 1. Asterisk : When you include an asterisk at the end of a word, JURIS will first locate the term, and then locate any occurrences of that term when it is followed by any one character. Each asterisk you enter may represent one additional suffix character. For example, a search for DISCRIMINATE* will retrieve documents containing the word DISCRIMINATE, as well as, documents containing the terms DISCRIMINATED and DISCRIMINATES. This character is helpful in retrieving plural and possesive forms of your search term. 2. Exclamation Point : When you include an exclamation point at the end of a search term JURIS will retrieve documents containing any possible endings for that term. For example, if you search for the term DISCRIMINAT], JURIS will retrieve documents containing DISCRIMINATE, DISCRIMINATED, DISCRIMINATES, DISCRIMINATING, and any other variations of the word. Remember that the asterisk or exclamation point can represent any additional character or characters. For example, if you enter the term CAR*, JURIS will retrieve CAR or CARS. The system will also retrieve terms such as CARE, CARD, CART, CARP, and others. Searching for CAR] will retrieve CAR or CARS but will also locate terms such as CARPET, CARNAGE, and CARETAKER. These universal characters may be used only at the end of your search term. You may not use these characters to replace a character imbedded in the word. D. Punctuation Generally, punctuation marks should not be included in JURIS search expressions. This rule applies to punctuation which is external to a word. Examples of external punctuation include commas, periods, colons, quotation marks, and parentheses. These punctuation marks perform other functions within JURIS and should be replaced by blank spaces in the search expression. Listed below are some common JURIS search expressions. To Find: Enter June 25, 1974 june 25 1974 12(b)(6) 12 b 6 F.B.I. f b i

Note: Capitalization is unimportant. There is an exception to the general rule of omitting punctuation: Internal punctuation should always be included in your search expression. Examples of internal punctuation include hyphens, apostrophes, and decimal points. These punctuation marks are considered to be integral parts of your search terms. The rules applying to these punctuation marks are included below.

1. The hyphen should be used in hyphenated spellings of words, e.g., ANTI-TRUST, CROSS-EXAMINATION and OFF-DUTY. 2. The apostrophe should be used when indicating the possessive (JENCK'S, DEFENDANT'S, EMPLOYEES') or when part of a proper name (M'NAGHTEN or O'CONNER). 3. The decimal point should be used to retrieve occurrences of West Headnotes such as CRIMINAL LAW 43.5. In order to retrieve all possible occurrences of a search term that may be spelled both with or without a hyphen or apostrophe, you should include both spellings within the research request. For example, a search for documents containing the term ANTITRUST should be entered as: ANTITRUST OR ANTI-TRUST.
PART IV - SEARCH TECHNIQUES. Section III SET BUILDING

The quickest and easiest way to use JURIS is to enter a single search term, retrieve one set of documents, and display the results. Yet most research problems involve complex issues and variations in terminology. In these circumstances, set building is the key to the most effective and efficient use of JURIS. Set building allows you to refine your research strategy by combining the results of completed searches. Remember each search performed by JURIS results in the creation of a set of documents. Each of these sets is created separately. As these sets are created, JURIS will number them in arithmetic sequence, designating them as SET/1, SET/2, and so on. These sets may be used as search terms in subsequent search expressions. The primary advantage of combining sets of documents rather than individual terms is flexibility. Once you have created a set of documents, JURIS stores that set in its memory. This set can then be used in combination with other sets to limit your retrieval. There is no limit to the number of times you may use a set as a search term. Another advantage of combining sets is a savings of actual search time. When you use sets as search terms, JURIS does not have to review the entire contents of the file. JURIS will only have to compare the documents contained in the sets to meet your search criteria. Sets must be combined by using the connectors. The mechanics of set building are discussed in the following section.

A. The Connectors The connector keys are used to combine words or sets of documents. The connectors are particularly helpful in searching for synonyms, associated words, and spelling variations. They also specify proximity. The connectors are designated by individual keys on a custom JURIS terminal. They include the OR, W/, P/, AND, and BUT NOT keys. If you are using a teletype terminal you must enter the appropriate letters to represent the connector functions. The connectors and their functions are described below. 1. OR : requires that any of the terms specified in your search expression appear in the retrieved document. The OR connector is useful for locating synonyms, spelling variations, associated words, and different tenses of the same root. For example, in a search for cases containing the term AUTOMOBILE, you should enter the search expression AUTOMOBILE OR CAR OR VEHICLE OR AUTO. Remember that JURIS is a literal system and will search only for terms exactly as you enter them. JURIS cannot determine that the term CAR is a synonym for AUTOMOBILE. Similarly, when searching for the term ANTITRUST, enter ANTITRUST OR ANTI-TRUST to allow for variations of the word. The OR connector should also be used when the use of a root expander (* or ]) would be inappropriate. For example, if you enter the term INDIAN* to retrieve documents containing the terms INDIAN OR INDIANS, you will also retrieve documents containing the term INDIANA. You would obtain better results by limiting your search expression to INDIAN OR INDIANS. 2. W/ : requires that the terms specified in your search expression occur within the same sentence. No particular order is implied. The W/ connector is particularly useful when searching for variations in phraseology. For example, the search term SEX W/ DISCRIMINATION will retrieve documents containing these terms where they appear in the same sentence. Such variations as SEX DISCRIMINATION, SEX AS THE BASIS OF DISCRIMINATION, and DISCRIMINATION ON THE BASIS OF SEX, will also be retrieved. An even broader search expression would be SEX W/ DISCRIMINAT] which will retrieve documents containing all variations of the word DISCRIMINATE which occur within the same sentence as the word SEX. The W/ connector, in most situations, should be followed by a space and then the next search term. JURIS will respond by searching for the documents where the terms appear in the same sentence. As a variation, a number may be inserted after the W/ connector. This number will set a limit on the number of intervening words which can occur between the two terms. For example, SEX W/5 DISCRIMINATION will retrieve documents where the terms occur within the same sentence and no more than four words intervene between the terms. When you count the maximum number of intervening words remember to include the first term in the search expression as an additional word. In the example above, SEX is counted as the first word and up to four additional words may intervene between the terms SEX and DISCRIMINATION. JURIS will also retrieve cases where less than four words intervene since the number 5 indicates the maximum number of intervening words. This variation of the W/ connector is particularly useful when searching for United States Code sections. For example, if you want to retrieve documents containing 5 U.S.C. 522, the correct entry would be 5 W/6 552. By using W/6 in the search term, you will retrieve all the possible variations of 5 U.S.C. 552, including 5 U.S.C.A. 552 and Section 552 of Title 5. Because JURIS defines a search term as any word, letter, number, or character, U.S.C.A. will be considered as five words. Since JURIS always counts the first word, i.e. the number 5, the correct entry would be 5 W/6 552. The W/ connector is used rather than the P/ since the title number 5 will not necessarily precede the section number 552 in this situation. 3. P/ : requires that the search terms occur within the same sentence and that the term on the left side of the P/ connector precede the term on the right. This connector is useful in locating documents containing phrases in which the words occur in a specified order. For example, to find cases containing the phrase GEORGETOWN UNIVERSITY HEALTH PLAN, you should enter the terms GEORGETOWN P/ PLAN. This search will retrieve the relevant documents and reduce your search time since JURIS will not have to locate the intervening words UNIVERSITY and HEALTH. Like the W/ connector, the P/ connector may have a number inserted after the slash to indicate the maximum number of intervening words. This connector is particularly useful when the terms contained in your search expression are very general and occur often throughout the data base. An even more precise way to locate the above search terms would be to enter GEORGETOWN P/3 PLAN. This would eliminate the retrieval of documents containing phrases such as GEORGETOWN UNIVERSITY HAS INSTITUTED A PLAN. You should always use the P/ connector to retrieve phrases containing the conjunctions AND or OR because JURIS will always treat these terms as connectors. To search for the expression SEARCH AND SEIZURE, you should enter SEARCH P/2 SEIZURE. If you enter the term SEARCH AND SEIZURE, JURIS will retrieve all the cases which contain these two terms anywhere in the document. The P/ connector is useful when you are performing segment searches. This connector is also helpful when you are attempting to retrieve cases by volume and page number. Remember that JURIS looks for each term separately. If you type in F 2d, U S, or F Supp, JURIS will have to find all instances of each of these terms in the search file. This can be a time consuming process. By using the P/ connector you can avoid this problem. Instead of entering 96 S CT 2062, you can locate the document more efficiently by entering 96 P/3 2062. This entry will locate documents containing this citation when it appears in the opinion portion of other cases. If you are trying to retrieve that particular case, enter: CITE(96 P/3 2062). A similar problem may arise when you try to enter a citation using the letter v. If you enter ROE V WADE, JURIS will have to locate every occurrence of the letter v in the search file. It would be much more efficient to enter ROE P/ WADE. If one party's name is unique enough, the case may be retrieved by entering the unique terms only. For example, CITE(BADALAMENTE) will retrieve all cases in which Badalamente is a party. It is important to remember that whenever you search for a case in which the United States is a party, you should include only the opposing party's name in your search expression. Entering the terms UNITED STATES will substantially increase your search time. 4. AND : requires that all of the terms specified in your search expression appear in the retrieved document. The AND connector is used to combine words and sets. For example, the search expression PRIVACY AND BANK RECORDS will retrieve documents containing both terms anywhere in the document. The AND connector is most useful when you are combining previously created sets. For example, if SET/1 consisted of all documents containing the term PRIVACY, and SET/2 included all cases decided by the FIFTH CIRCUIT, you can combine these two sets by entering: SET/1 AND SET/2. 5. BUT NOT : requires that the terms on the left of the BUT NOT connector appear in the document but the terms on the right not appear anywhere in the document. This connector can be useful when it is used to compare previously created sets. You should not use this connector to try to retrieve documents which contain one term but not another without considering the consequences. For example, if you want to retrieve cases containing the term STANDING but not those cases involving TAXPAYER STANDING you might enter STANDING BUT NOT TAXPAYER. In this situation, JURIS will eliminate all of the documents where the term TAXPAYER occurs anywhere in the case (including the footnotes). As a result, you may eliminate a number of relevant documents from your retrieval. B. Connector Priority When you use more than one connector in a search expression, JURIS will follow a prescribed order in applying the search logic. The rules of connector priority are outlined below. 1. ADJACENCY : First Priority: Before interpreting any connector in a search expression, JURIS will first locate words adjacent to one another. 2. OR : Second Priority: Except for immediate adjacency JURIS will combine documents containing terms separated by the OR connector before considering other terms in the search expression. 3. W/ : Third Priority: Following immediate adjacency and the OR connector, JURIS will next interpret the W/ connector. 4. P/ : Fourth Priority: After interpreting adjacency, OR, and W/, JURIS will then combine documents using the P/ connector. 5. AND : Fifth Priority: After interpreting all the above connectors, JURIS will next combine documents using the AND connector. 6. BUT NOT : Sixth Priority: BUT NOT has the lowest priority and will not be considered until all the other connectors have been interpreted. You may override this connector hierarchy at any time by enclosing the desired search terms in parentheses. For example, by entering: (INTERNATIONAL TELEPHONE P/2 TELEGRAPH) OR ITT, JURIS will create a set of documents containing the term INTERNATIONAL TELEPHONE P/2 TELEGRAPH. A set of documents will then be created containing the term ITT. The results of these two sets will then be combined using the OR connector.
PART IV - SEARCH TECHNIQUES. Section IV THE RECREATE COMMAND

Once research has been completed in one file, JURIS is capable of automatically duplicating the results of that search in a different file. This duplicating feature is known as the RECREATE function. Proper use of this command can result in a significant savings of time, particularly when a search may include broad terms or large numbers of sets with many combinations. Remember, the smaller the file the shorter the response time in processing search requests. The RECREATE function is illustrated in the following example. If you wanted to retrieve documents in F2DHOT dealing with the issue of ATTORNEY ADVERTISING, your SEARCH HISTORY would look like this:

SET/ DOC POI DESCRIPTION 3 XXX XXX SET/2 W/ SET/3 2 XXX XXX ADVERTIS] 1 XXX XXX ATTORNEY** OR LAWYER** SEARCH FILE SEGMENT IS F2DHOT.OPINION

Now suppose you wanted to retrieve all the cases in a new file, USHOT, dealing with the same issue. SET/3 contains cases in F2DHOT in which variations of the word ATTORNEY or LAWYER occur within the same sentence as variations of the word ADVERTISE. This is precisely the same search you would like in USHOT. Instead of having to reenter all these terms and create these sets in USHOT, JURIS can do this automatically using the RECREATE function. The first step in using RECREATE is to change to the new file USHOT. This can be done on the custom terminal by pressing the CHANGE FILE key, selecting USHOT, and pressing the XMIT key. On teletype terminals, enter: cf, leave a space, USHOT and press the RETURN key. Once the new file has been selected, JURIS is ready to duplicate your prior search. On custom terminals press the SET/ key, type in the set number (3) to be duplicated, and press the RECREATE key. On teletype terminals, enter: rc, set/, the set number and press the RETURN key. The search expression will appear as:

rc set/3

Once JURIS has performed this RECREATE function, the SEARCH HISTORY will look like this:

SET/ DOC POI DESCRIPTION 6 XXX XXX SET/4 W/ SET/5 5 XXX XXX ADVERTIS] 4 XXX XXX ATTORNEY** OR LAWYER** SEARCH FILE SEGMENT IS USHOT. OPINION 3 XXX XXX SET/3 W/ SET/2 2 XXX XXX ADVERTIS] 1 XXX XXX ATTORNEY** OR LAWYER** SEARCH FILE SEGMENT IS F2DHOT. OPINION

Notice that in the process of recreating SET/3, JURIS duplicated all of the intermediary sets needed to create SET/3. By using the RECREATE function you obtained, in one step, the results of three previous searches. There is no limit to the number of intermediary sets that can be recreated.

PART IV - SEARCH TECHNIQUES. Section V SEARCHING IN THE WEST DIGEST GROUP

The JURIS data base contains the full text of the West Modern Federal Practice Digest. The material is constantly updated, and will be more current than the library editions. The Modern Federal Practice Digest dates from 1961 and contains the West Publishing Company Headnotes for the Supreme Court Reporter, F.2d, F.Supp. and Federal Rules Decisions. The DIGEST group also contains the West Decennial Digest, that is, the Headnotes for all reported state decisions from 1967 to the present. This is the only state law in the JURIS data base. Remember, the DIGEST group consists only of West Headnotes - Topics and Key Numbers. The actual text of the cases is not included. There are certain search techniques which should be followed when searching in the DIGEST group. An important feature has been provided for the files in this group which can minimize your search time. Each West Topic (Criminal Law, Searches and Seizures, Grand Jury, etc.) has been assigned a special number. When used in a search expression, this number is always followed by the letter k and then by the actual West Key Number. For example, the Topic CRIMINAL LAW has been assigned the number 110. To retrieve all the cases with the West Headnote CRIMINAL LAW 666, you should enter 110k666 as your search expression. Use of this k number reduces search time because the search term consists of a single entry. JURIS searches for only one term without regard for the complexity of a Headnote Topic and Key Number. For example, if the k number was not used, the Headnote COURTS 96(3) would have to be entered and searched for as: COURTS 96 3. JURIS would have to search separately for each of the terms: COURTS, 96, and 3. There are four rules you should be familiar with when you use the k number as a search term.

1. Include the decimal point in the search expression. COURTS 406.3 should be entered as 106k406.3. 2. When there are decimal points and parentheses in the search expression, leave in the decimal point and replace the first parenthesis with a decimal point. COURTS 40.1(3) should be entered as 106k40.1.3. 3. When there are parentheses but not decimal points in the search expression, enter a decimal point, a zero, and then replace the first parenthesis with a decimal point. COURTS 304(3) would be entered as 106k304.0.3. 4. When there is a fraction included in the search expression, e.g. 1/2, it must be repaced with a decimal number. Replace the fraction 1/2 with .32. A search for the Headnote CRIMINAL LAW 666 1/2 would be entered as 110k666.32. For additional information regarding the conversion of fractions please call JURIS User Assistance.
PART IV - SEARCH TECHNIQUES. Section VI THE KEEP SET

The KEEP set enables you to segregate relevant documents into a separate set for later reference. Any document may be placed in the KEEP set, SET/0, regardless of its file or group designation. For example, documents from US, F2D, COMGEN, CODE, UCG, etc. may all be placed in this one set for later viewing. The KEEP set is particularly useful in reviewing various sets where only a limited number of documents in each set may be of value. SET/0 may be cleared at any time and restarted with new documents. A document which is placed in the KEEP set is not removed from the original set but is duplicated in this KEEP set. There are four methods to place documents in the KEEP set. These methods are listed below.

A. Custom Terminals 1. If the case to be included in the KEEP set is displayed on the screen either in the KWIC or FULL format, press the KEEP key. 2. A document not currently displayed may be placed in the KEEP set by pressing the SET/ key, entering the set number, a decimal point, the document number, and pressing the KEEP key. For example, to keep document 9 in SET/5, enter: SET/5.9 and press KEEP. 3. A range of documents may also be stored. Follow the steps above but after first document in the range enter a colon (:) and then the last document number to be kept. For example, to keep documents 5 through 10 in SET/5, enter: SET/5.5:10 and press KEEP. 4. To keep an entire set of documents, press the SET/ key, then the set number and press KEEP. For example, to place all the documents in SET/5 in the KEEP set, type in SET/5 and press KEEP. B. Teletype Terminals 1. To place a document currently being displayed in KWIC or FULL in the KEEP set, enter: keep and press the RETURN key. 2. To keep a document not currently displayed enter: keep, the set number, a decimal point, the document number, and press the RETURN key. For example to keep document 9 in SET/5 enter: keep set/9.5 and press the RETURN key. 3. To keep a range of documents, follow the steps above but enter a colon (:) after the first document number in the range and then type in the last document number. For example to keep documents 5 through 10 in SET/5, enter: keep set/5.5:10 and press the RETURN key. 4. To keep an entire set of documents enter: keep and then the set designation. For example, to keep all the documents in SET/5, enter: keep set/5 and press the RETURN key. When a document has been placed in the KEEP set, JURIS will respond with the message: SET NUMBER 0 CREATED, X DOCUMENTS(S), X POINTS OF INTEREST. If you instruct JURIS to keep a document already included in the KEEP set, the computer will respond with the usual message that SET/0 has been created. Regardless of the number of times the keep command has been given for a particular document, that document will appear only once in the KEEP set. If you keep a document from a particular set and then later keep the same document contained in a different set, the highlighting will be cumulative. For example, if you instruct the computer to keep a document from SET/1 where the key word is ELEPHANT and later enter a command to keep the same document from SET/3 where the search term was ZOO, SET/0 will list the document only once but both the words ZOO and ELEPHANT will be highlighted. The KEEP set may be treated like any other set. It differs only in the way it is created and its ability to be erased. It may be combined with other sets and its documents may be viewed in any of the three display formats. To display the KEEP set on custom terminals, type in SET/0 and then press either CITE, FULL or KWIC. On teletype terminals enter: d set/0,cite, d set/0,kwic, or d set/0,full and press the RETURN key. You can retain only one KEEP set at a time during a research session. It is possible, however, to duplicate the documents in the KEEP set in another set. In this situation the present KEEP set may be cleared and a new KEEP set created for other research. To do this, combine SET/0 with itself using any of the connectors except BUT NOT. For example, you may enter: SET/0 AND SET/0, SET/0 OR SET/0, SET/0 W/ SET/0, or SET/0 P/ SET/0. Any of these entries will result in the creation of the next sequentially numbered set, which will be identical to the original KEEP set in content. The KEEP set may then be cleared for further research. To clear the KEEP set on a custom JURIS terminal, type in c and press the KEEP key. If you are using a teletype terminal, enter: keep c and press the RETURN key. When a citation listing for SET/0 is requested, JURIS will not list the documents in the order in which they were placed in the KEEP set. Instead, they are arranged in hierarchical and chronological order, (e.g., Supreme Court cases first, F.2d, and then F.Supp. with the most recent cases appearing first in each category).
PART IV - SEARCH TECHNIQUES. Section VII REQUESTING HELP

If upon entering a search term, expression, or command, you receive an error message, or JURIS responds that it has found no documents, an explanation pertaining to that message may be obtained by pressing the key labeled HELP on a custom JURIS terminal. On teletype terminals, enter: h or help, and press the RETURN key. The HELP command may also be used after stopping a search. When you ask for help, JURIS will respond indicating why the error message was sent, why no documents were found or, in stopping a search, what your options are at that point and how to reduce search time. Another form of help may be obtained on a teletype terminal by entering: help commands, and pressing the RETURN key. Upon receiving this request, JURIS will display a list of teletype commands.

PART IV - SEARCH TECHNIQUES. Section VIII ENDING THE RESEARCH SESSION

When your research is completed and you want to end the session, press the END SEARCH key on a custom terminal. On a teletype terminal enter: the letter e and press the RETURN key. In either case, JURIS will respond with the message:

DO YOU WANT TO SAVE THE RESULTS OF YOUR RESEARCH?

ENTER YES (Y) OR NO (N), AND TRANSMIT.

If your response is YES, JURIS will save the results from the session and store them for later reference. If the response is NO, JURIS will erase the results and the next time you sign on to the system the process of creating sets will begin anew. If no remote prints were requested, this will end the research session. If a remote print was requested, JURIS will ask the question: DO YOU STILL WANT THE REMOTE PRINT YOU REQUESTED? Once again JURIS will wait for a YES (Y) or a NO (N). If you respond YES, one additional question will be asked.

DO YOU WANT TO ADD A TITLE OR CHANGE THE ADDRESS IN YOUR PRINT?

If you are using a custom terminal, the cursor may now be moved around and the name, title and address may be changed. Unless otherwise specified, remote prints are automatically sent to the JURIS contact person in your organization. On teletype terminals this question must always be answered NO because there is no way this information can be modified. Once you have responded to this question, the terminal will sign off automatically and JURIS will display the message:

TO SIGN ON PLEASE ENTER YOUR USER ID AND TRANSMIT.

The terminal is now ready for the next user. At this point if there is no user waiting to sign on, please turn the terminal power button off. This is needed to disconnect the phone line and avoid unnecessary telephone connect charges. There is an abbreviated sign off procedure for both custom and teletype terminals. By entering: e s and pressing the XMIT or RETURN key, JURIS will automatically end the research session and destroy the research results. If you wish to save the results, this can be done by entering: e save and pressing the XMIT or RETURN key. Please save research only when necessary. All stored searches are destroyed at 9:00 P.M. Eastern Time every Saturday. Since searches cannot be stored over the weekend, we suggest that you print out the SEARCH HISTORY if you wish to continue your research on Monday. If search results have been saved you will receive a prompt the next time you sign on the system. After entering your user ID, JURIS will respond with the message:

DO YOU WANT TO RESUME YOUR RESEARCH IN THE GENLEGAL

LIBRARY? ENTER YES (Y) OR NO (N) AND TRANSMIT.

If you respond YES, the search history will automatically be displayed. At this time you may continue where you left off. The search file will remain the same, and sets may be displayed or combined. If you respond NO, JURIS will display the menu of available file groups, and ask you to make a selection. A note about using e s (end and do not save). If a remote print had been requested, JURIS will not ask if you still wish to receive the print (as would be the case had the user pressed END SEARCH on a custom terminal or entered e on a teletype terminal). If e s is entered, the remote print request will automatically be honored.
PART IV - SEARCH TECHNIQUES. Section IX SEARCH AND DISPLAY SHORT-CUTS

A. Signing On

1. JURIS Custom Terminals To save time signing on to JURIS, enter your 8 character user ID, three commas, the name of the file you wish to search and press XMIT. For example, to quickly access F2DHOT, enter:

12345678,,,F2DHOT and XMIT.

For quick sign on into GENLEGAL in U.S. Attorneys' offices, enter your user ID, one comma, the word genlegal, two commas, the file name and press XMIT. For example, to access USHOT, enter:

12345678,genlegal,,ushot and XMIT.

2. Teletype Terminals The quick sign on procedure for teletype terminals depends on the type of terminal you are using. Some terminals allow quick file access by using 3 commas after the user ID, others require 4 commas. Remember to press the RETURN key after typing in the name of your research file. If you had research saved from a previous session this quick sign on procedure will not save any time. If your research is stored, JURIS will respond with the question: DO YOU WANT TO RESUME YOUR RESEARCH IN THE GENLEGAL LIBRARY? This is the same response you would have received had you simply transmitted your ID number. B. Changing Groups and Files 1. Custom Terminals File groups such as CASELAW, STATLAW, etc. are structurally meaningless in the JURIS data base and are designed to simplify the file selection process by providing some kind of organization for the user. As a result, it is not necessary to change groups before changing from a file in one group to a file in another group. For example, to change from F2D in CASELAW to USC in STATLAW, type USC and press the CHANGE file key. If you want to see the file listings in a particular file group, you can do so quickly by entering the desired group name before pressing the CHANGE GROUP key. JURIS will then change directly to the new group. You can similarly change files within a particular group by typing in the name of the file before pressing the CHANGE FILE key. It is also possible to search in another file without going through the change file procedure. To accomplish this, type the name of the desired file and type the search expression in parentheses. It is not necessary to specify a particular segment unless the segment desired is different than the default segment. For example, if you are searching in the F2DHOT file and wish to run a quick search for a particular case in USHOT, you could enter:

USHOT.CITE(AGAPITO).

In this search the CITE segment was specified. If the search were to be performed in the OPINION segment of USHOT for any variation of the word entrap, the entry would have been: USHOT(ENTRAP]) In both instances the resulting sets would contain cases decided in the Supreme Court. The search file previously selected for searching will remain in effect, however, just as if the search in USHOT had never taken place. This is a very useful technique in situations where a quick search of a different file is necessary. 2. Teletype Terminals To change from one file to another within a group, or from a file in one group to a file in another group, enter: cf, leave a space, the file name and press the RETURN key. For example to change to F2DHOT, enter: cf f2dhot and press RETURN. To quickly display the files available within a particular group enter: cg, leave a space, the group name and press the RETURN key. For example, to display the list of files within CASELAW, enter: cg caselaw. To search in another file without going through the change file procedure, enter: s, leave a space, the file name and then the search expression in parentheses. It is not necessary to designate a particular segment unless the segment desired is different from the default segment. For example, if you are currently searching in F2DHOT and wish to run a quick search for a particular case in USHOT enter: s ushot.cite(agapito) and press RETURN. In this search the CITE segment was specified. If a search were to be performed in the OPINION segment of USHOT for any variation of the word entrap, the search expression should read: s ushot(entrap]). In both of the above examples, the sets were created in the USHOT file, while the display file remained F2DHOT. C. BUT NOT (Selective Highlighting) The BUT NOT connector can be difficult to use in a word search expression since there is always a chance that the word you do not want to retrieve may be mentioned by the court in some unanticipated context. The word or words you choose may also appear in a footnote, quote, or any other part of the case. This connector is useful in comparing sets. For example, if you create a set of documents on a particular issue and then create a second set on essentially the same issue there may be a substantial overlap. To avoid reviewing documents which appear in the first set as well as the second set enter: SET/1 BUT NOT SET/2. The BUT NOT connector may also be used to selectively highlight key words, that is, to highlight only some of the words used to create a set. This feature is especially helpful when certain key words are necessary to narrow your search results, but occur frequently within the retrieved documents. To selectively highlight follow the steps of the DOUBLE BUT NOT formula outlined below: SET/1 Words to be highlighted SET/2 Words to remain unhighlighted SET/3 SET/1 AND SET/2 SET/4 SET/1 BUT NOT SET/3 SET/5 SET/1 BUT NOT SET/4

SET/3 and SET/5 will contain the same documents but SET/5 will only highlight the search term(s) from SET/1.

For example, in the example outlined below only INTERNATIONAL TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH OR ITT would be highlighted. DISPLAY SET IS 5 SET/ DOC POI DESCRIPTION 5 75 233 SET/1 BUT NOT SET/4 4 208 541 SET/1 BUT NOT SET/3 3 75 1702 SET/1 AND SET/2 2 1373 12893 ANTITRUST OR ANTI TRUST 1 283 774 (INTERNATIONAL TELEPHONE P/2 TELEGRAPH) OR ITT

Notice in this example that while the number of documents in SET/3 and SET/5 is the same, the number of points of interest has been drastically reduced. Also note the nesting of INTERNATIONAL TELEPHONE P/2 TELEGRAPH in parentheses in SET/1. This is to ensure that JURIS is searching for your request using the proper connector hierarchy.

D. Segment Searching Every search in JURIS is a segment search. Each document has a segment called the default segment. The default segment is the portion of the document that JURIS will search automatically when no particular segment is specified in the search request. The default segment is the one anticipated to be the most frequently searched. You can change the default segment for each JURIS file at any time. For example if you had a long list of citations to search for, it would be helpful to change the default segment from the OPINION segment to the CITE segment in the F2DHOT file (or whatever file is appropriate.) 1. Custom Terminals To change the default segment: a. Type in the desired segment and press the CHANGE FILE key. For example, by typing in CITE and pressing the CHANGE FILE key you will change to the CITE search segment. This will work only if the desired file has already been selected. b. If you wish to change your search file as well as the segment in one command, enter the file name, a decimal point, the desired segment and press the CHANGE FILE key. For example, by entering F2DHOT.CITE and pressing the CHANGE FILE key, you will change your search file to F2DHOT as well as select the CITE segment. The new segment will remain in effect until it is changed or a new file is selected. In order to determine which segment is the default segment for a particular file you can press the SEARCH HISTORY key. The default segment will be listed next to the name of each file. The default segment is also listed in the message displayed after each file selection, e.g., F2DHOT.OPINION selected for searching. 2. Teletype Terminals To change the segment on a teletype terminal: a. Type in cf and then the name of the desired segment. For example, cf cite will change the default segment to CITE. This will work only if the desired file has already been selected.

OR

b. To change the search file as well as the segment type in cf, leave a space, type the name of the desired file, a decimal point, and the name of the segment. For example: cf f2dhot.cite will switch you to the CITE search segment of F2DHOT. E. Recreate To have JURIS recreate a prior set in a new search file in one step, type in the set to be recreated, a comma, and the new file name and press the RECREATE key. For example entering: SET/1,USHOT and pressing the RECREARE key will duplicate SET/1 in the USHOT file. On teletype terminals, to recreate a set in a new file in one step, enter: rc, set/, the number of the set to be recreated, a comma, the new search file and press the RETURN key. For example: rc set/1,ushot and RETURN will duplicate SET/1 in USHOT. F. Display Short cuts 1. Custom Terminals In order to display a particular document in any set, type the number of the set, a decimal point, and the number of document you wish to display. You then may press any of the display keys, KWIC, FULL or CITE. For example, to display SET/5, document 5, enter: SET/5.5 and then press KWIC, FULL or CITE. This command is especially helpful if you wish to display a document in a set other than the display set. It is helpful also in the situation where you have a CITE list displayed and you want to view a particular document in FULL, or you wish to review the next document in a set in a different format. It is also possible to display a range of documents. A colon is the symbol used to display a particular range. To display a list in the CITE format, enter: SET/, the set number, a decimal point, the number of the first document to be displayed, a colon, and the number of the last document in the range. For example, to display documents one through ten of SET/4 you would enter: SET/4.1:10 and press CITE. This command is useful in two situations. a. If you only want a partial listing of the documents available. (Often there are many documents in a set and you only want to display the most recent.) b. If you want to print only a partial list of the cites on the printer located next to the terminal or want to enter a REMOTE PRINT request for only part of the list regardless of the format desired. 2. Teletype Terminals To display a particular document within a set, enter: d, leave a space, the number of the set, a decimal point, the number of the document you wish to display, a comma, the desired format (CITE, FULL, or KWIC) and press the RETURN key. For example, to view the sixth document in SET/5 in the full format, enter: d set/5.6, full and press the RETURN key. To display a range of documents in a particular set, type in the letter d, leave a space, the set number, the first document to be displayed, a colon, the number of the last document in the range, a comma, the desired format, and press the RETURN key. For example, to display documents five through ten in SET/4 in the KWIC format, you would enter: d set/4.5:10,kwic and press the RETURN key. G. SIGNING OFF The normal procedure for signing off on JURIS using a custom terminal is to press the END SEARCH key. JURIS will then respond with the message: DO YOU WANT TO SAVE THE RESULTS OF YOUR RESEARCH ? You should then respond with a YES (Y) or NO (N), press XMIT and your research will be saved or erased accordingly. To save time using a custom or a teletype terminal you may use either of the commands below: a. Enter: e s and press XMIT or RETURN. This will automatically end the session and destroy your research.

OR

b. Enter: e save and press XMIT or RETURN. This will end the session and save your research.