[From the U.S. Government Printing Office via GPO Access]
[DOCID: h6eas.txt]
[Engrossed Amendment Senate]
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  

                  In the Senate of the United States,

                                                         June 21, 2007.
    Resolved, That the bill from the House of Representatives (H.R. 6) 
entitled ``An Act to reduce our Nation's dependency on foreign oil by 
investing in clean, renewable, and alternative energy resources, 
promoting new emerging energy technologies, developing greater 
efficiency, and creating a Strategic Energy Efficiency and Renewables 
Reserve to invest in alternative energy, and for other purposes.'', do 
pass with the following

                              AMENDMENTS:

            Strike out all after the enacting clause and insert:

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS.

    (a) Short Title.--This Act may be cited as the ``Renewable Fuels, 
Consumer Protection, and Energy Efficiency Act of 2007''.
    (b) Table of Contents.--The table of contents of this Act is as 
follows:

Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents.
Sec. 2. Relationship to other law.

        TITLE I--BIOFUELS FOR ENERGY SECURITY AND TRANSPORTATION

Sec. 101. Short title.
Sec. 102. Definitions.

                  Subtitle A--Renewable Fuel Standard

Sec. 111. Renewable fuel standard.
Sec. 112. Production of renewable fuel using renewable energy.
Sec. 113. Sense of Congress relating to the use of renewable resources 
                            to generate energy.

               Subtitle B--Renewable Fuels Infrastructure

Sec. 121. Infrastructure pilot program for renewable fuels.
Sec. 122. Bioenergy research and development.
Sec. 123. Bioresearch centers for systems biology program.
Sec. 124. Loan guarantees for renewable fuel facilities.
Sec. 125. Grants for renewable fuel production research and development 
                            in certain States.
Sec. 126. Grants for infrastructure for transportation of biomass to 
                            local biorefineries.
Sec. 127. Biorefinery information center.
Sec. 128. Alternative fuel database and materials.
Sec. 129. Fuel tank cap labeling requirement.
Sec. 130. Biodiesel.
Sec. 131. Transitional assistance for farmers who plant dedicated 
                            energy crops for a local cellulosic 
                            refinery.
Sec. 132. Research and development in support of low-carbon fuels.

                          Subtitle C--Studies

Sec. 141. Study of advanced biofuels technologies.
Sec. 142. Study of increased consumption of ethanol-blended gasoline 
                            with higher levels of ethanol.
Sec. 143. Pipeline feasibility study.
Sec. 144. Study of optimization of flexible fueled vehicles to use E-85 
                            fuel.
Sec. 145. Study of credits for use of renewable electricity in electric 
                            vehicles.
Sec. 146. Study of engine durability associated with the use of 
                            biodiesel.
Sec. 147. Study of incentives for renewable fuels.
Sec. 148. Study of streamlined lifecycle analysis tools for the 
                            evaluation of renewable carbon content of 
                            biofuels.
Sec. 149. Study of effects of ethanol-blended gasoline on off-road 
                            vehicles.
Sec. 150. Study of offshore wind resources.

                  Subtitle D--Environmental Safeguards

Sec. 161. Grants for production of advanced biofuels.
Sec. 162. Studies of effects of renewable fuel use.
Sec. 163. Integrated consideration of water quality in determinations 
                            on fuels and fuel additives.
Sec. 164. Anti-backsliding.

                 TITLE II--ENERGY EFFICIENCY PROMOTION

Sec. 201. Short title.
Sec. 202. Definition of Secretary.

          Subtitle A--Promoting Advanced Lighting Technologies

Sec. 211. Accelerated procurement of energy efficient lighting.
Sec. 212. Incandescent reflector lamp efficiency standards.
Sec. 213. Bright Tomorrow Lighting Prizes.
Sec. 214. Sense of Senate concerning efficient lighting standards.
Sec. 215. Renewable energy construction grants.

         Subtitle B--Expediting New Energy Efficiency Standards

Sec. 221. Definition of energy conservation standard.
Sec. 222. Regional efficiency standards for heating and cooling 
                            products.
Sec. 223. Furnace fan rulemaking.
Sec. 224. Expedited rulemakings.
Sec. 225. Periodic reviews.
Sec. 226. Energy efficiency labeling for consumer electronic products.
Sec. 227. Residential boiler efficiency standards.
Sec. 228. Technical corrections.
Sec. 229. Electric motor efficiency standards.
Sec. 230. Energy standards for home appliances.
Sec. 231. Improved energy efficiency for appliances and buildings in 
                            cold climates.
Sec. 232. Deployment of new technologies for high-efficiency consumer 
                            products.
Sec. 233. Industrial efficiency program.

Subtitle C--Promoting High Efficiency Vehicles, Advanced Batteries, and 
                             Energy Storage

Sec. 241. Lightweight materials research and development.
Sec. 242. Loan guarantees for fuel-efficient automobile parts 
                            manufacturers.
Sec. 243. Advanced technology vehicles manufacturing incentive program.
Sec. 244. Energy storage competitiveness.
Sec. 245. Advanced transportation technology program.
Sec. 246. Inclusion of electric drive in Energy Policy Act of 1992.
Sec. 247. Commercial insulation demonstration program.

              Subtitle D--Setting Energy Efficiency Goals

Sec. 251. Oil savings plan and requirements.
Sec. 252. National energy efficiency improvement goals.
Sec. 253. National media campaign.
Sec. 254. Modernization of electricity grid system.
Sec. 255. Smart grid system report.
Sec. 256. Smart grid technology research, development, and 
                            demonstration.
Sec. 257. Smart grid interoperability framework.
Sec. 258. State consideration of smart grid.
Sec. 259. Support for energy independence of the United States.
Sec. 260. Energy Policy Commission.

   Subtitle E--Promoting Federal Leadership in Energy Efficiency and 
                            Renewable Energy

Sec. 261. Federal fleet conservation requirements.
Sec. 262. Federal requirement to purchase electricity generated by 
                            renewable energy.
Sec. 263. Energy savings performance contracts.
Sec. 264. Energy management requirements for Federal buildings.
Sec. 265. Combined heat and power and district energy installations at 
                            Federal sites.
Sec. 266. Federal building energy efficiency performance standards.
Sec. 267. Application of International Energy Conservation Code to 
                            public and assisted housing.
Sec. 268. Energy efficient commercial buildings initiative.
Sec. 269. Clean energy corridors.
Sec. 270. Federal standby power standard.
Sec. 270A. Standard relating to solar hot water heaters.
Sec. 270B. Renewable energy innovation manufacturing partnership.
Sec. 270C. Express loans for renewable energy and energy efficiency.
Sec. 270D. Small business energy efficiency.

 Subtitle F--Assisting State and Local Governments in Energy Efficiency

Sec. 271. Weatherization assistance for low-income persons.
Sec. 272. State energy conservation plans.
Sec. 273. Utility energy efficiency programs.
Sec. 274. Energy efficiency and demand response program assistance.
Sec. 275. Energy and environmental block grant.
Sec. 276. Energy sustainability and efficiency grants for institutions 
                            of higher education.
Sec. 277. Energy efficiency and renewable energy worker training 
                            program.
Sec. 278. Assistance to States to reduce school bus idling.
Sec. 279. Definition of State.
Sec. 280. Coordination of planned refinery outages.
Sec. 281. Technical criteria for clean coal power initiative.
Sec. 282. Administration.
Sec. 283. Offshore renewable energy.

     Subtitle G--Marine and Hydrokinetic Renewable Energy Promotion

Sec. 291. Definition of marine and hydrokinetic renewable energy.
Sec. 292. Research and development.
Sec. 293. National ocean energy research centers.

   TITLE III--CARBON CAPTURE AND STORAGE RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT, AND 
                             DEMONSTRATION

Sec. 301. Short title.
Sec. 302. Carbon capture and storage research, development, and 
                            demonstration program.
Sec. 303. Carbon dioxide storage capacity assessment.
Sec. 304. Carbon capture and storage initiative.
Sec. 305. Capitol power plant carbon dioxide emissions demonstration 
                            program.
Sec. 306. Assessment of carbon sequestration and methane and nitrous 
                            oxide emissions from terrestrial 
                            ecosystems.
Sec. 307. Abrupt climate change research program.

    TITLE IV--COST-EFFECTIVE AND ENVIRONMENTALLY SUSTAINABLE PUBLIC 
                               BUILDINGS

              Subtitle A--Public Buildings Cost Reduction

Sec. 401. Short title.
Sec. 402. Cost-effective and geothermal heat pump technology 
                            acceleration program.
Sec. 403. Environmental Protection Agency demonstration grant program 
                            for local governments.
Sec. 404. Definitions.

Subtitle B--Installation of Photovoltaic System at Department of Energy 
                         Headquarters Building

Sec. 411. Installation of photovoltaic system at Department of Energy 
                            headquarters building.

              Subtitle C--High-Performance Green Buildings

Sec. 421. Short title.
Sec. 422. Findings and purposes.
Sec. 423. Definitions.

           PART I--Office of High-Performance Green Buildings

Sec. 431. Oversight.
Sec. 432. Office of High-Performance Green Buildings.
Sec. 433. Green Building Advisory Committee.
Sec. 434. Public outreach.
Sec. 435. Research and development.
Sec. 436. Budget and life-cycle costing and contracting.
Sec. 437. Authorization of appropriations.

               PART II--Healthy High-Performance Schools

Sec. 441. Definition of high-performance school.
Sec. 442. Grants for healthy school environments.
Sec. 443. Model guidelines for siting of school facilities.
Sec. 444. Public outreach.
Sec. 445. Environmental health program.
Sec. 446. Authorization of appropriations.

               PART III--Strengthening Federal Leadership

Sec. 451. Incentives.
Sec. 452. Federal procurement.
Sec. 453. Federal green building performance.
Sec. 454. Storm water runoff requirements for Federal development 
                            projects.

                     PART IV--Demonstration Project

Sec. 461. Coordination of goals.
Sec. 462. Authorization of appropriations.

           TITLE V--CORPORATE AVERAGE FUEL ECONOMY STANDARDS

Sec. 501. Short title.
Sec. 502. Average fuel economy standards for automobiles and certain 
                            other vehicles.
Sec. 503. Amending Fuel Economy Standards.
Sec. 504. Definitions.
Sec. 505. Ensuring safety of automobiles.
Sec. 506. Credit Trading Program.
Sec. 507. Labels for fuel economy and greenhouse gas emissions.
Sec. 508. Continued applicability of existing standards.
Sec. 509. National Academy of Sciences Studies.
Sec. 510. Standards for Executive agency automobiles.
Sec. 511. Increasing Consumer Awareness of Flexible Fuel Automobiles.
Sec. 512. Periodic review of accuracy of fuel economy labeling 
                            procedures.
Sec. 513. Tire fuel efficiency consumer information.
Sec. 514. Advanced Battery Initiative.
Sec. 515. Biodiesel standards.
Sec. 516. Use of Civil Penalties for research and development.
Sec. 517. Energy Security Fund and Alternative Fuel Grant Program.
Sec. 518. Authorization of appropriations.
Sec. 519. Application with Clean Air Act.
Sec. 520. Alternative fuel vehicle action plan.
Sec. 521. Study of the adequacy of transportation of domestically-
                            produced renewable fuel by railroads and 
                            other modes of transportation.

                        TITLE VI--PRICE GOUGING

Sec. 601. Short title.
Sec. 602. Definitions.
Sec. 603. Prohibition on price gouging during energy emergencies.
Sec. 604. Prohibition on market manipulation.
Sec. 605. Prohibition on false information.
Sec. 606. Presidential declaration of energy emergency.
Sec. 607. Enforcement by the Federal Trade Commission.
Sec. 608. Enforcement by State Attorneys General.
Sec. 609. Penalties.
Sec. 610. Effect on other laws.

                TITLE VII--ENERGY DIPLOMACY AND SECURITY

Sec. 701. Short title.
Sec. 702. Definitions.
Sec. 703. Sense of Congress on energy diplomacy and security.
Sec. 704. Strategic energy partnerships.
Sec. 705. International energy crisis response mechanisms.
Sec. 706. Hemisphere energy cooperation forum.
Sec. 707. National Security Council reorganization.
Sec. 708. Annual national energy security strategy report.
Sec. 709. Appropriate congressional committees defined.
Sec. 710. No Oil Producing and Exporting Cartels Act of 2007.
Sec. 711. Convention on Supplementary Compensation for Nuclear Damage 
                            contingent cost allocation.

                       TITLE VIII--MISCELLANEOUS

Sec. 801. Study of the effect of private wire laws on the development 
                            of combined heat and power facilities.

SEC. 2. RELATIONSHIP TO OTHER LAW.

    Except to the extent expressly provided in this Act or an amendment 
made by this Act, nothing in this Act or an amendment made by this Act 
supersedes, limits the authority provided or responsibility conferred 
by, or authorizes any violation of any provision of law (including a 
regulation), including any energy or environmental law or regulation.

        TITLE I--BIOFUELS FOR ENERGY SECURITY AND TRANSPORTATION

SEC. 101. SHORT TITLE.

    This title may be cited as the ``Biofuels for Energy Security and 
Transportation Act of 2007''.

SEC. 102. DEFINITIONS.

    In this title:
            (1) Advanced biofuel.--
                    (A) In general.--The term ``advanced biofuel'' 
                means fuel derived from renewable biomass other than 
                corn starch.
                    (B) Inclusions.--The term ``advanced biofuel'' 
                includes--
                            (i) ethanol derived from cellulose, 
                        hemicellulose, or lignin;
                            (ii) ethanol derived from sugar or starch, 
                        other than ethanol derived from corn starch;
                            (iii) ethanol derived from waste material, 
                        including crop residue, other vegetative waste 
                        material, animal waste, and food waste and yard 
                        waste;
                            (iv) diesel-equivalent fuel derived from 
                        renewable biomass, including vegetable oil and 
                        animal fat;
                            (v) biogas (including landfill gas and 
                        sewage waste treatment gas) produced through 
                        the conversion of organic matter from renewable 
                        biomass;
                            (vi) butanol or other alcohols produced 
                        through the conversion of organic matter from 
                        renewable biomass; and
                            (vii) other fuel derived from cellulosic 
                        biomass.
            (2) Cellulosic biomass ethanol.--The term ``cellulosic 
        biomass ethanol'' means ethanol derived from any cellulose, 
        hemicellulose, or lignin that is derived from renewable 
        biomass.
            (3) Conventional biofuel.--The term ``conventional 
        biofuel'' means ethanol derived from corn starch.
            (4) Renewable biomass.--The term ``renewable biomass'' 
        means--
                    (A) nonmerchantable materials or precommercial 
                thinnings that--
                            (i) are byproducts of preventive 
                        treatments, such as trees, wood, brush, 
                        thinnings, chips, and slash, that are removed--
                                    (I) to reduce hazardous fuels;
                                    (II) to reduce or contain disease 
                                or insect infestation; or
                                    (III) to restore forest health;
                            (ii) would not otherwise be used for 
                        higher-value products; and
                            (iii) are harvested from National Forest 
                        System land or public land (as defined in 
                        section 103 of the Federal Land Policy and 
                        Management Act of 1976 (43 U.S.C. 1702))--
                                    (I) where permitted by law; and
                                    (II) in accordance with--
                                            (aa) applicable land 
                                        management plans; and
                                            (bb) the requirements for 
                                        old-growth maintenance, 
                                        restoration, and management 
                                        direction of paragraphs (2), 
                                        (3), and (4) of subsection (e) 
                                        and the requirements for large-
                                        tree retention of subsection 
                                        (f) of section 102 of the 
                                        Healthy Forests Restoration Act 
                                        of 2003 (16 U.S.C. 6512); or
                    (B) any organic matter that is available on a 
                renewable or recurring basis from non-Federal land or 
                from land belonging to an Indian tribe, or an Indian 
                individual, that is held in trust by the United States 
                or subject to a restriction against alienation imposed 
                by the United States, including--
                            (i) renewable plant material, including--
                                    (I) feed grains;
                                    (II) other agricultural 
                                commodities;
                                    (III) other plants and trees; and
                                    (IV) algae; and
                            (ii) waste material, including--
                                    (I) crop residue;
                                    (II) other vegetative waste 
                                material (including wood waste and wood 
                                residues);
                                    (III) animal waste and byproducts 
                                (including fats, oils, greases, and 
                                manure); and
                                    (IV) food waste and yard waste.
            (5) Renewable fuel.--
                    (A) In general.--The term ``renewable fuel'' means 
                motor vehicle fuel or home heating fuel that is--
                            (i) produced from renewable biomass; and
                            (ii) used to replace or reduce the quantity 
                        of fossil fuel present in a fuel or fuel 
                        mixture used to operate a motor vehicle or 
                        furnace.
                    (B) Inclusion.--The term ``renewable fuel'' 
                includes--
                            (i) conventional biofuel; and
                            (ii) advanced biofuel.
            (6) Secretary.--The term ``Secretary'' means the Secretary 
        of Energy
            (7) Small refinery.--The term ``small refinery'' means a 
        refinery for which the average aggregate daily crude oil 
        throughput for a calendar year (as determined by dividing the 
        aggregate throughput for the calendar year by the number of 
        days in the calendar year) does not exceed 75,000 barrels.

                  Subtitle A--Renewable Fuel Standard

SEC. 111. RENEWABLE FUEL STANDARD.

    (a) Renewable Fuel Program.--
            (1) Regulations.--
                    (A) In general.--Not later than 1 year after the 
                date of enactment of this Act, the President shall 
                promulgate regulations to ensure that motor vehicle 
                fuel and home heating oil sold or introduced into 
                commerce in the United States (except in noncontiguous 
                States or territories), on an annual average basis, 
                contains the applicable volume of renewable fuel 
                determined in accordance with paragraph (2).
                    (B) Provisions of regulations.--Regardless of the 
                date of promulgation, the regulations promulgated under 
                subparagraph (A)--
                            (i) shall contain compliance provisions 
                        applicable to refineries, blenders, 
                        distributors, and importers, as appropriate, to 
                        ensure that--
                                    (I) the requirements of this 
                                subsection are met; and
                                    (II) renewable fuels produced from 
                                facilities that commence operations 
                                after the date of enactment of this Act 
                                achieve at least a 20 percent reduction 
                                in life cycle greenhouse gas emissions 
                                compared to gasoline; but
                            (ii) shall not--
                                    (I) restrict geographic areas in 
                                the contiguous United States in which 
                                renewable fuel may be used; or
                                    (II) impose any per-gallon 
                                obligation for the use of renewable 
                                fuel.
                    (C) Relationship to other regulations.--Regulations 
                promulgated under this paragraph shall, to the maximum 
                extent practicable, incorporate the program structure, 
                compliance, and reporting requirements established 
                under the final regulations promulgated to implement 
                the renewable fuel program established by the amendment 
                made by section 1501(a)(2) of the Energy Policy Act of 
                2005 (Public Law 109-58; 119 Stat. 1067).
            (2) Applicable volume.--
                    (A) Calendar years 2008 through 2022.--
                            (i) Renewable fuel.--For the purpose of 
                        paragraph (1), subject to clause (ii), the 
                        applicable volume for any of calendar years 
                        2008 through 2022 shall be determined in 
                        accordance with the following table:

                                        Applicable volume of renewable 
                                                                  fuel 
Calendar year:                               (in billions of gallons): 
    2008..........................................                 8.5 
    2009..........................................                10.5 
    2010..........................................                12.0 
    2011..........................................                12.6 
    2012..........................................                13.2 
    2013..........................................                13.8 
    2014..........................................                14.4 
    2015..........................................                15.0 
    2016..........................................                18.0 
    2017..........................................                21.0 
    2018..........................................                24.0 
    2019..........................................                27.0 
    2020..........................................                30.0 
    2021..........................................                33.0 
    2022..........................................                36.0.
                            (ii) Advanced biofuels.--For the purpose of 
                        paragraph (1), of the volume of renewable fuel 
                        required under clause (i), the applicable 
                        volume for any of calendar years 2016 through 
                        2022 for advanced biofuels shall be determined 
                        in accordance with the following table:

                                         Applicable volume of advanced 
                                                              biofuels 
Calendar year:                               (in billions of gallons): 
    2016..........................................                 3.0 
    2017..........................................                 6.0 
    2018..........................................                 9.0 
    2019..........................................                12.0 
    2020..........................................                15.0 
    2021..........................................                18.0 
    2022..........................................                21.0.
                    (B) Calendar year 2023 and thereafter.--Subject to 
                subparagraph (C), for the purposes of paragraph (1), 
                the applicable volume for calendar year 2023 and each 
                calendar year thereafter shall be determined by the 
                President, in coordination with the Secretary of 
                Energy, the Secretary of Agriculture, and the 
                Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, 
                based on a review of the implementation of the program 
                during calendar years 2007 through 2022, including a 
                review of--
                            (i) the impact of renewable fuels on the 
                        energy security of the United States;
                            (ii) the expected annual rate of future 
                        production of renewable fuels, including 
                        advanced biofuels;
                            (iii) the impact of renewable fuels on the 
                        infrastructure of the United States, including 
                        deliverability of materials, goods, and 
                        products other than renewable fuel, and the 
                        sufficiency of infrastructure to deliver 
                        renewable fuel; and
                            (iv) the impact of the use of renewable 
                        fuels on other factors, including job creation, 
                        the price and supply of agricultural 
                        commodities, rural economic development, and 
                        the environment.
                    (C) Minimum applicable volume.--Subject to 
                subparagraph (D), for the purpose of paragraph (1), the 
                applicable volume for calendar year 2023 and each 
                calendar year thereafter shall be equal to the product 
                obtained by multiplying--
                            (i) the number of gallons of gasoline that 
                        the President estimates will be sold or 
                        introduced into commerce in the calendar year; 
                        and
                            (ii) the ratio that--
                                    (I) 36,000,000,000 gallons of 
                                renewable fuel; bears to
                                    (II) the number of gallons of 
                                gasoline sold or introduced into 
                                commerce in calendar year 2022.
                    (D) Minimum percentage of advanced biofuel.--For 
                the purpose of paragraph (1) and subparagraph (C), at 
                least 60 percent of the minimum applicable volume for 
                calendar year 2023 and each calendar year thereafter 
                shall be advanced biofuel.
    (b) Applicable Percentages.--
            (1) Provision of estimate of volumes of gasoline sales.--
        Not later than October 31 of each of calendar years 2008 
        through 2021, the Administrator of the Energy Information 
        Administration shall provide to the President an estimate, with 
        respect to the following calendar year, of the volumes of 
        gasoline projected to be sold or introduced into commerce in 
        the United States.
            (2) Determination of applicable percentages.--
                    (A) In general.--Not later than November 30 of each 
                of calendar years 2008 through 2022, based on the 
                estimate provided under paragraph (1), the President 
                shall determine and publish in the Federal Register, 
                with respect to the following calendar year, the 
                renewable fuel obligation that ensures that the 
                requirements of subsection (a) are met.
                    (B) Required elements.--The renewable fuel 
                obligation determined for a calendar year under 
                subparagraph (A) shall--
                            (i) be applicable to refineries, blenders, 
                        and importers, as appropriate;
                            (ii) be expressed in terms of a volume 
                        percentage of gasoline sold or introduced into 
                        commerce in the United States; and
                            (iii) subject to paragraph (3)(A), consist 
                        of a single applicable percentage that applies 
                        to all categories of persons specified in 
                        clause (i).
            (3) Adjustments.--In determining the applicable percentage 
        for a calendar year, the President shall make adjustments--
                    (A) to prevent the imposition of redundant 
                obligations on any person specified in paragraph 
                (2)(B)(i); and
                    (B) to account for the use of renewable fuel during 
                the previous calendar year by small refineries that are 
                exempt under subsection (g).
    (c) Volume Conversion Factors for Renewable Fuels Based on Energy 
Content or Requirements.--
            (1) In general.--For the purpose of subsection (a), the 
        President shall assign values to specific types of advanced 
        biofuels for the purpose of satisfying the fuel volume 
        requirements of subsection (a)(2) in accordance with this 
        subsection.
            (2) Energy content relative to ethanol.--For advanced 
        biofuel, 1 gallon of the advanced biofuel shall be considered 
        to be the equivalent of 1 gallon of renewable fuel multiplied 
        by the ratio that--
                    (A) the number of British thermal units of energy 
                produced by the combustion of 1 gallon of the advanced 
                biofuel (as measured under conditions determined by the 
                Secretary); bears to
                    (B) the number of British thermal units of energy 
                produced by the combustion of 1 gallon of pure ethanol 
                (as measured under conditions determined by the 
                Secretary to be comparable to conditions described in 
                subparagraph (A)).
            (3) Transitional energy-related conversion factors for 
        cellulosic biomass ethanol.--For any of calendar years 2008 
        through 2015, 1 gallon of cellulosic biomass ethanol shall be 
        considered to be the equivalent of 2.5 gallons of renewable 
        fuel.
    (d) Credit Program.--
            (1) In general.--The President, in consultation with the 
        Secretary and the Administrator of the Environmental Protection 
        Agency, shall implement a credit program to manage the 
        renewable fuel requirement of this section in a manner 
        consistent with the credit program established by the amendment 
        made by section 1501(a)(2) of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 
        (Public Law 109-58; 119 Stat. 1067).
            (2) Market transparency.--In carrying out the credit 
        program under this subsection, the President shall facilitate 
        price transparency in markets for the sale and trade of 
        credits, with due regard for the public interest, the integrity 
        of those markets, fair competition, and the protection of 
        consumers and agricultural producers.
    (e) Seasonal Variations in Renewable Fuel Use.--
            (1) Study.--For each of calendar years 2008 through 2022, 
        the Administrator of the Energy Information Administration 
        shall conduct a study of renewable fuel blending to determine 
        whether there are excessive seasonal variations in the use of 
        renewable fuel.
            (2) Regulation of excessive seasonal variations.--If, for 
        any calendar year, the Administrator of the Energy Information 
        Administration, based on the study under paragraph (1), makes 
        the determinations specified in paragraph (3), the President 
        shall promulgate regulations to ensure that 25 percent or more 
        of the quantity of renewable fuel necessary to meet the 
        requirements of subsection (a) is used during each of the 2 
        periods specified in paragraph (4) of each subsequent calendar 
        year.
            (3) Determinations.--The determinations referred to in 
        paragraph (2) are that--
                    (A) less than 25 percent of the quantity of 
                renewable fuel necessary to meet the requirements of 
                subsection (a) has been used during 1 of the 2 periods 
                specified in paragraph (4) of the calendar year;
                    (B) a pattern of excessive seasonal variation 
                described in subparagraph (A) will continue in 
                subsequent calendar years; and
                    (C) promulgating regulations or other requirements 
                to impose a 25 percent or more seasonal use of 
                renewable fuels will not significantly--
                            (i) increase the price of motor fuels to 
                        the consumer; or
                            (ii) prevent or interfere with the 
                        attainment of national ambient air quality 
                        standards.
            (4) Periods.--The 2 periods referred to in this subsection 
        are--
                    (A) April through September; and
                    (B) January through March and October through 
                December.
    (f) Waivers.--
            (1) In general.--The President, in consultation with the 
        Secretary of Energy, the Secretary of Agriculture, and the 
        Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, may waive 
        the requirements of subsection (a) in whole or in part on 
        petition by one or more States by reducing the national 
        quantity of renewable fuel required under subsection (a), based 
        on a determination by the President (after public notice and 
        opportunity for comment), that--
                    (A) implementation of the requirement would 
                severely harm the economy or environment of a State, a 
                region, or the United States; or
                    (B) extreme and unusual circumstances exist that 
                prevent distribution of an adequate supply of 
                domestically-produced renewable fuel to consumers in 
                the United States.
            (2) Petitions for waivers.--The President, in consultation 
        with the Secretary of Energy, the Secretary of Agriculture, and 
        the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, shall 
        approve or disapprove a State petition for a waiver of the 
        requirements of subsection (a) within 30 days after the date on 
        which the petition is received by the President.
            (3) Termination of waivers.--A waiver granted under 
        paragraph (1) shall terminate after 1 year, but may be renewed 
        by the President after consultation with the Secretary of 
        Energy, the Secretary of Agriculture, and the Administrator of 
        the Environmental Protection Agency.
    (g) Small Refineries.--
            (1) Temporary exemption.--
                    (A) In general.--The requirements of subsection (a) 
                shall not apply to--
                            (i) small refineries (other than a small 
                        refinery described in clause (ii)) until 
                        calendar year 2013; and
                            (ii) small refineries owned by a small 
                        business refiner (as defined in section 45H(c) 
                        of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986) until 
                        calendar year 2015.
                    (B) Extension of exemption.--
                            (i) Study by secretary.--Not later than 
                        December 31, 2008, the Secretary shall submit 
                        to the President and Congress a report 
                        describing the results of a study to determine 
                        whether compliance with the requirements of 
                        subsection (a) would impose a disproportionate 
                        economic hardship on small refineries.
                            (ii) Extension of exemption.--In the case 
                        of a small refinery that the Secretary 
                        determines under clause (i) would be subject to 
                        a disproportionate economic hardship if 
                        required to comply with subsection (a), the 
                        President shall extend the exemption under 
                        subparagraph (A) for the small refinery for a 
                        period of not less than 2 additional years.
            (2) Petitions based on disproportionate economic 
        hardship.--
                    (A) Extension of exemption.--A small refinery may 
                at any time petition the President for an extension of 
                the exemption under paragraph (1) for the reason of 
                disproportionate economic hardship.
                    (B) Evaluation of petitions.--In evaluating a 
                petition under subparagraph (A), the President, in 
                consultation with the Secretary, shall consider the 
                findings of the study under paragraph (1)(B) and other 
                economic factors.
                    (C) Deadline for action on petitions.--The 
                President shall act on any petition submitted by a 
                small refinery for a hardship exemption not later than 
                90 days after the date of receipt of the petition.
            (3) Opt-in for small refineries.--A small refinery shall be 
        subject to the requirements of subsection (a) if the small 
        refinery notifies the President that the small refinery waives 
        the exemption under paragraph (1).
    (h) Penalties and Enforcement.--
            (1) Civil penalties.--
                    (A) In general.--Any person that violates a 
                regulation promulgated under subsection (a), or that 
                fails to furnish any information required under such a 
                regulation, shall be liable to the United States for a 
                civil penalty of not more than the total of--
                            (i) $25,000 for each day of the violation; 
                        and
                            (ii) the amount of economic benefit or 
                        savings received by the person resulting from 
                        the violation, as determined by the President.
                    (B) Collection.--Civil penalties under subparagraph 
                (A) shall be assessed by, and collected in a civil 
                action brought by, the Secretary or such other officer 
                of the United States as is designated by the President.
            (2) Injunctive authority.--
                    (A) In general.--The district courts of the United 
                States shall have jurisdiction to--
                            (i) restrain a violation of a regulation 
                        promulgated under subsection (a);
                            (ii) award other appropriate relief; and
                            (iii) compel the furnishing of information 
                        required under the regulation.
                    (B) Actions.--An action to restrain such violations 
                and compel such actions shall be brought by and in the 
                name of the United States.
                    (C) Subpoenas.--In the action, a subpoena for a 
                witness who is required to attend a district court in 
                any district may apply in any other district.
    (i) Voluntary Labeling Program.--
            (1) In general.--The President shall establish criteria for 
        a system of voluntary labeling of renewable fuels based on life 
        cycle greenhouse gas emissions.
            (2) Consumer education.--The President shall ensure that 
        the labeling system under this subsection provides useful 
        information to consumers making fuel purchases.
            (3) Flexibility.--In carrying out this subsection, the 
        President may establish more than 1 label, as appropriate.
    (j) Study of Impact of Renewable Fuel Standard.--
            (1) In general.--The Secretary shall enter into an 
        arrangement with the National Academy of Sciences under which 
        the Academy shall conduct a study to assess the impact of the 
        requirements described in subsection (a)(2) on each industry 
        relating to the production of feed grains, livestock, food, and 
        energy.
            (2) Participation.--In conducting the study under paragraph 
        (1), the National Academy of Sciences shall seek the 
        participation, and consider the input, of--
                    (A) producers of feed grains;
                    (B) producers of livestock, poultry, and pork 
                products;
                    (C) producers of food and food products;
                    (D) producers of energy;
                    (E) individuals and entities interested in issues 
                relating to conservation, the environment, and 
                nutrition; and
                    (F) users of renewable fuels.
            (3) Considerations.--In conducting the study, the National 
        Academy of Sciences shall consider--
                    (A) the likely impact on domestic animal 
                agriculture feedstocks that, in any crop year, are 
                significantly below current projections; and
                    (B) policy options to alleviate the impact on 
                domestic animal agriculture feedstocks that are 
                significantly below current projections.
            (4) Components.--The study shall include--
                    (A) a description of the conditions under which the 
                requirements described in subsection (a)(2) should be 
                suspended or reduced to prevent adverse impacts to 
                domestic animal agriculture feedstocks described in 
                paragraph (3)(B); and
                    (B) recommendations for the means by which the 
                Federal Government could prevent or minimize adverse 
                economic hardships and impacts.
            (5) Deadline for completion of study.--Not later than 270 
        days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary 
        shall submit to Congress a report that describes the results of 
        the study.
            (6) Periodic reviews.--
                    (A) In general.--To allow for the appropriate 
                adjustment of the requirements described in subsection 
                (a)(2), the Secretary shall conduct periodic reviews 
                of--
                            (i) existing technologies;
                            (ii) the feasibility of achieving 
                        compliance with the requirements; and
                            (iii) the impacts of the requirements 
                        described in subsection (a)(2) on each 
                        individual and entity described in paragraph 
                        (2).
    (k) Effective Date.--Except as otherwise specifically provided in 
this section, this section takes effect on the date on which the 
National Academies of Science completes the study under subsection (j).

SEC. 112. PRODUCTION OF RENEWABLE FUEL USING RENEWABLE ENERGY.

    (a) Definitions.--In this section:
            (1) Facility.--The term ``facility'' means a facility used 
        for the production of renewable fuel.
            (2) Renewable energy.--
                    (A) In general.--The term ``renewable energy'' has 
                the meaning given the term in section 203(b) of the 
                Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 15852(b)).
                    (B) Inclusion.--The term ``renewable energy'' 
                includes biogas produced through the conversion of 
                organic matter from renewable biomass.
    (b) Additional Credit.--
            (1) In general.--The President shall provide a credit under 
        the program established under section 111(d) to the owner of a 
        facility that uses renewable energy to displace more than 90 
        percent of the fossil fuel normally used in the production of 
        renewable fuel.
            (2) Credit amount.--The President may provide the credit in 
        a quantity that is not more than the equivalent of 1.5 gallons 
        of renewable fuel for each gallon of renewable fuel produced in 
        a facility described in paragraph (1).

SEC. 113. SENSE OF CONGRESS RELATING TO THE USE OF RENEWABLE RESOURCES 
              TO GENERATE ENERGY.

    (a) Findings.--Congress finds that--
            (1) the United States has a quantity of renewable energy 
        resources that is sufficient to supply a significant portion of 
        the energy needs of the United States;
            (2) the agricultural, forestry, and working land of the 
        United States can help ensure a sustainable domestic energy 
        system;
            (3) accelerated development and use of renewable energy 
        technologies provide numerous benefits to the United States, 
        including improved national security, improved balance of 
        payments, healthier rural economies, improved environmental 
        quality, and abundant, reliable, and affordable energy for all 
        citizens of the United States;
            (4) the production of transportation fuels from renewable 
        energy would help the United States meet rapidly growing 
        domestic and global energy demands, reduce the dependence of 
        the United States on energy imported from volatile regions of 
        the world that are politically unstable, stabilize the cost and 
        availability of energy, and safeguard the economy and security 
        of the United States;
            (5) increased energy production from domestic renewable 
        resources would attract substantial new investments in energy 
        infrastructure, create economic growth, develop new jobs for 
        the citizens of the United States, and increase the income for 
        farm, ranch, and forestry jobs in the rural regions of the 
        United States;
            (6) increased use of renewable energy is practical and can 
        be cost effective with the implementation of supportive 
        policies and proper incentives to stimulate markets and 
        infrastructure; and
            (7) public policies aimed at enhancing renewable energy 
        production and accelerating technological improvements will 
        further reduce energy costs over time and increase market 
        demand.
    (b) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that it is the 
goal of the United States that, not later than January 1, 2025, the 
agricultural, forestry, and working land of the United States should--
            (1) provide from renewable resources not less than 25 
        percent of the total energy consumed in the United States; and
            (2) continue to produce safe, abundant, and affordable 
        food, feed, and fiber.

               Subtitle B--Renewable Fuels Infrastructure

SEC. 121. INFRASTRUCTURE PILOT PROGRAM FOR RENEWABLE FUELS.

    (a) In General.--The Secretary, in consultation with the Secretary 
of Transportation and the Administrator of the Environmental Protection 
Agency, shall establish a competitive grant pilot program (referred to 
in this section as the ``pilot program''), to be administered through 
the Vehicle Technology Deployment Program of the Department of Energy, 
to provide not more than 10 geographically-dispersed project grants to 
State governments, Indian tribal governments, local governments, 
metropolitan transportation authorities, or partnerships of those 
entities to carry out 1 or more projects for the purposes described in 
subsection (b).
    (b) Grant Purposes.--A grant under this section shall be used for 
the establishment of refueling infrastructure corridors, as designated 
by the Secretary, for gasoline blends that contain not less than 11 
percent, and not more than 85 percent, renewable fuel or diesel fuel 
that contains at least 10 percent renewable fuel, including--
            (1) installation of infrastructure and equipment necessary 
        to ensure adequate distribution of renewable fuels within the 
        corridor;
            (2) installation of infrastructure and equipment necessary 
        to directly support vehicles powered by renewable fuels; and
            (3) operation and maintenance of infrastructure and 
        equipment installed as part of a project funded by the grant.
    (c) Applications.--
            (1) Requirements.--
                    (A) In general.--Subject to subparagraph (B), not 
                later than 90 days after the date of enactment of this 
                Act, the Secretary shall issue requirements for use in 
                applying for grants under the pilot program.
                    (B) Minimum requirements.--At a minimum, the 
                Secretary shall require that an application for a grant 
                under this section--
                            (i) be submitted by--
                                    (I) the head of a State, tribal, or 
                                local government or a metropolitan 
                                transportation authority, or any 
                                combination of those entities; and
                                    (II) a registered participant in 
                                the Vehicle Technology Deployment 
                                Program of the Department of Energy; 
                                and
                            (ii) include--
                                    (I) a description of the project 
                                proposed in the application, including 
                                the ways in which the project meets the 
                                requirements of this section;
                                    (II) an estimate of the degree of 
                                use of the project, including the 
                                estimated size of fleet of vehicles 
                                operated with renewable fuel available 
                                within the geographic region of the 
                                corridor, measured as a total quantity 
                                and a percentage;
                                    (III) an estimate of the potential 
                                petroleum displaced as a result of the 
                                project (measured as a total quantity 
                                and a percentage), and a plan to 
                                collect and disseminate petroleum 
                                displacement and other relevant data 
                                relating to the project to be funded 
                                under the grant, over the expected life 
                                of the project;
                                    (IV) a description of the means by 
                                which the project will be sustainable 
                                without Federal assistance after the 
                                completion of the term of the grant;
                                    (V) a complete description of the 
                                costs of the project, including 
                                acquisition, construction, operation, 
                                and maintenance costs over the expected 
                                life of the project; and
                                    (VI) a description of which costs 
                                of the project will be supported by 
                                Federal assistance under this 
                                subsection.
            (2) Partners.--An applicant under paragraph (1) may carry 
        out a project under the pilot program in partnership with 
        public and private entities.
    (d) Selection Criteria.--In evaluating applications under the pilot 
program, the Secretary shall--
            (1) consider the experience of each applicant with 
        previous, similar projects; and
            (2) give priority consideration to applications that--
                    (A) are most likely to maximize displacement of 
                petroleum consumption, measured as a total quantity and 
                a percentage;
                    (B) are best able to incorporate existing 
                infrastructure while maximizing, to the extent 
                practicable, the use of advanced biofuels;
                    (C) demonstrate the greatest commitment on the part 
                of the applicant to ensure funding for the proposed 
                project and the greatest likelihood that the project 
                will be maintained or expanded after Federal assistance 
                under this subsection is completed;
                    (D) represent a partnership of public and private 
                entities; and
                    (E) exceed the minimum requirements of subsection 
                (c)(1)(B).
    (e) Pilot Project Requirements.--
            (1) Maximum amount.--The Secretary shall provide not more 
        than $20,000,000 in Federal assistance under the pilot program 
        to any applicant.
            (2) Cost sharing.--The non-Federal share of the cost of any 
        activity relating to renewable fuel infrastructure development 
        carried out using funds from a grant under this section shall 
        be not less than 20 percent.
            (3) Maximum period of grants.--The Secretary shall not 
        provide funds to any applicant under the pilot program for more 
        than 2 years.
            (4) Deployment and distribution.--The Secretary shall seek, 
        to the maximum extent practicable, to ensure a broad geographic 
        distribution of project sites funded by grants under this 
        section.
            (5) Transfer of information and knowledge.--The Secretary 
        shall establish mechanisms to ensure that the information and 
        knowledge gained by participants in the pilot program are 
        transferred among the pilot program participants and to other 
        interested parties, including other applicants that submitted 
        applications.
    (f) Schedule.--
            (1) Initial grants.--
                    (A) In general.--Not later than 90 days after the 
                date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall 
                publish in the Federal Register, Commerce Business 
                Daily, and such other publications as the Secretary 
                considers to be appropriate, a notice and request for 
                applications to carry out projects under the pilot 
                program.
                    (B) Deadline.--An application described in 
                subparagraph (A) shall be submitted to the Secretary by 
                not later than 180 days after the date of publication 
                of the notice under that subparagraph.
                    (C) Initial selection.--Not later than 90 days 
                after the date by which applications for grants are due 
                under subparagraph (B), the Secretary shall select by 
                competitive, peer-reviewed proposal up to 5 
                applications for projects to be awarded a grant under 
                the pilot program.
            (2) Additional grants.--
                    (A) In general.--Not later than 2 years after the 
                date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall 
                publish in the Federal Register, Commerce Business 
                Daily, and such other publications as the Secretary 
                considers to be appropriate, a notice and request for 
                additional applications to carry out projects under the 
                pilot program that incorporate the information and 
                knowledge obtained through the implementation of the 
                first round of projects authorized under the pilot 
                program.
                    (B) Deadline.--An application described in 
                subparagraph (A) shall be submitted to the Secretary by 
                not later than 180 days after the date of publication 
                of the notice under that subparagraph.
                    (C) Initial selection.--Not later than 90 days 
                after the date by which applications for grants are due 
                under subparagraph (B), the Secretary shall select by 
                competitive, peer-reviewed proposal such additional 
                applications for projects to be awarded a grant under 
                the pilot program as the Secretary determines to be 
                appropriate.
    (g) Reports to Congress.--
            (1) Initial report.--Not later than 60 days after the date 
        on which grants are awarded under this section, the Secretary 
        shall submit to Congress a report containing--
                    (A) an identification of the grant recipients and a 
                description of the projects to be funded under the 
                pilot program;
                    (B) an identification of other applicants that 
                submitted applications for the pilot program but to 
                which funding was not provided; and
                    (C) a description of the mechanisms used by the 
                Secretary to ensure that the information and knowledge 
                gained by participants in the pilot program are 
                transferred among the pilot program participants and to 
                other interested parties, including other applicants 
                that submitted applications.
            (2) Evaluation.--Not later than 2 years after the date of 
        enactment of this Act, and annually thereafter until the 
        termination of the pilot program, the Secretary shall submit to 
        Congress a report containing an evaluation of the effectiveness 
        of the pilot program, including an assessment of the petroleum 
        displacement and benefits to the environment derived from the 
        projects included in the pilot program.
    (h) Authorization of Appropriations.--There is authorized to be 
appropriated to the Secretary to carry out this section $200,000,000, 
to remain available until expended.

SEC. 122. BIOENERGY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT.

    Section 931(c) of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 
16231(c)) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (2), by striking ``$251,000,000'' and 
        inserting ``$377,000,000''; and
            (2) in paragraph (3), by striking ``$274,000,000'' and 
        inserting ``$398,000,000''.

SEC. 123. BIORESEARCH CENTERS FOR SYSTEMS BIOLOGY PROGRAM.

    Section 977(a)(1) of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 
16317(a)(1)) is amended by inserting before the period at the end the 
following: ``, including the establishment of at least 11 bioresearch 
centers of varying sizes, as appropriate, that focus on biofuels, of 
which at least 2 centers shall be located in each of the 4 Petroleum 
Administration for Defense Districts with no subdistricts and 1 center 
shall be located in each of the subdistricts of the Petroleum 
Administration for Defense District with subdistricts''.

SEC. 124. LOAN GUARANTEES FOR RENEWABLE FUEL FACILITIES.

    (a) In General.--Section 1703 of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 
U.S.C. 16513) is amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``(f) Renewable Fuel Facilities.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Secretary may make guarantees under 
        this title for projects that produce advanced biofuel (as 
        defined in section 102 of the Biofuels for Energy Security and 
        Transportation Act of 2007).
            ``(2) Requirements.--A project under this subsection shall 
        employ new or significantly improved technologies for the 
        production of renewable fuels as compared to commercial 
        technologies in service in the United States at the time that 
        the guarantee is issued.
            ``(3) Issuance of first loan guarantees.--The requirement 
        of section 20320(b) of division B of the Continuing 
        Appropriations Resolution, 2007 (Public Law 109-289, Public Law 
        110-5), relating to the issuance of final regulations, shall 
        not apply to the first 6 guarantees issued under this 
        subsection.
            ``(4) Project design.--A project for which a guarantee is 
        made under this subsection shall have a project design that has 
        been validated through the operation of a continuous process 
        pilot facility with an annual output of at least 50,000 gallons 
        of ethanol or the energy equivalent volume of other advanced 
        biofuels.
            ``(5) Maximum guaranteed principal.--The total principal 
        amount of a loan guaranteed under this subsection may not 
        exceed $250,000,000 for a single facility.
            ``(6) Amount of guarantee.--The Secretary shall guarantee 
        100 percent of the principal and interest due on 1 or more 
        loans made for a facility that is the subject of the guarantee 
        under paragraph (3).
            ``(7) Deadline.--The Secretary shall approve or disapprove 
        an application for a guarantee under this subsection not later 
        than 90 days after the date of receipt of the application.
            ``(8) Report.--Not later than 30 days after approving or 
        disapproving an application under paragraph (7), the Secretary 
        shall submit to Congress a report on the approval or 
        disapproval (including the reasons for the action).''.
    (b) Improvements to Underlying Loan Guarantee Authority.--
            (1) Definition of commercial technology.--Section 1701(1) 
        of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 16511(1)) is 
        amended by striking subparagraph (B) and inserting the 
        following:
                    ``(B) Exclusion.--The term `commercial technology' 
                does not include a technology if the sole use of the 
                technology is in connection with--
                            ``(i) a demonstration plant; or
                            ``(ii) a project for which the Secretary 
                        approved a loan guarantee.''.
            (2) Specific appropriation or contribution.--Section 1702 
        of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 16512) is amended 
        by striking subsection (b) and inserting the following:
    ``(b) Specific Appropriation or Contribution.--
            ``(1) In general.--No guarantee shall be made unless--
                    ``(A) an appropriation for the cost has been made; 
                or
                    ``(B) the Secretary has received from the borrower 
                a payment in full for the cost of the obligation and 
                deposited the payment into the Treasury.
            ``(2) Limitation.--The source of payments received from a 
        borrower under paragraph (1)(B) shall not be a loan or other 
        debt obligation that is made or guaranteed by the Federal 
        Government.
            ``(3) Relation to other laws.--Section 504(b) of the 
        Federal Credit Reform Act of 1990 (2 U.S.C. 661c(b)) shall not 
        apply to a loan or loan guarantee made in accordance with 
        paragraph (1)(B).''.
            (3) Amount.--Section 1702 of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 
        (42 U.S.C. 16512) is amended by striking subsection (c) and 
        inserting the following:
    ``(c) Amount.--
            ``(1) In general.--Subject to paragraph (2), the Secretary 
        shall guarantee up to 100 percent of the principal and interest 
        due on 1 or more loans for a facility that are the subject of 
        the guarantee.
            ``(2) Limitation.--The total amount of loans guaranteed for 
        a facility by the Secretary shall not exceed 80 percent of the 
        total cost of the facility, as estimated at the time at which 
        the guarantee is issued.''.
            (4) Subrogation.--Section 1702(g)(2) of the Energy Policy 
        Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 16512(g)(2)) is amended--
                    (A) by striking subparagraph (B); and
                    (B) by redesignating subparagraph (C) as 
                subparagraph (B).
            (5) Fees.--Section 1702(h) of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 
        (42 U.S.C. 16512(h)) is amended by striking paragraph (2) and 
        inserting the following:
            ``(2) Availability.--Fees collected under this subsection 
        shall--
                    ``(A) be deposited by the Secretary into a special 
                fund in the Treasury to be known as the `Incentives For 
                Innovative Technologies Fund'; and
                    ``(B) remain available to the Secretary for 
                expenditure, without further appropriation or fiscal 
                year limitation, for administrative expenses incurred 
                in carrying out this title.''.

SEC. 125. GRANTS FOR RENEWABLE FUEL PRODUCTION RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT 
              IN CERTAIN STATES.

    (a) In General.--The Secretary shall provide grants to eligible 
entities to conduct research into, and develop and implement, renewable 
fuel production technologies in States with low rates of ethanol 
production, including low rates of production of cellulosic biomass 
ethanol, as determined by the Secretary.
    (b) Eligibility.--To be eligible to receive a grant under the 
section, an entity shall--
            (1)(A) be an institution of higher education (as defined in 
        section 2 of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 15801)) 
        located in a State described in subsection (a);
            (B) be an institution--
                    (i) referred to in section 532 of the Equity in 
                Educational Land-Grant Status Act of 1994 (Public Law 
                103-382; 7 U.S.C. 301 note);
                    (ii) that is eligible for a grant under the 
                Tribally Controlled College or University Assistance 
                Act of 1978 (25 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.), including Dine 
                College; or
                    (iii) that is eligible for a grant under the Navajo 
                Community College Act (25 U.S.C. 640a et seq.); or
            (C) be a consortium of such institutions of higher 
        education, industry, State agencies, Indian tribal agencies, or 
        local government agencies located in the State; and
            (2) have proven experience and capabilities with relevant 
        technologies.
    (c) Authorization of Appropriations.--There is authorized to be 
appropriated to carry out this section $25,000,000 for each of fiscal 
years 2008 through 2010.

SEC. 126. GRANTS FOR INFRASTRUCTURE FOR TRANSPORTATION OF BIOMASS TO 
              LOCAL BIOREFINERIES.

    (a) In General.--The Secretary shall conduct a program under which 
the Secretary shall provide grants to Indian tribal and local 
governments and other eligible entities (as determined by the 
Secretary) (referred to in this section as ``eligible entities'') to 
promote the development of infrastructure to support the separation, 
production, processing, and transportation of biomass to local 
biorefineries, including by portable processing equipment.
    (b) Phases.--The Secretary shall conduct the program in the 
following phases:
            (1) Development.--In the first phase of the program, the 
        Secretary shall make grants to eligible entities to assist the 
        eligible entities in the development of local projects to 
        promote the development of infrastructure to support the 
        separation, production, processing, and transportation of 
        biomass to local biorefineries, including by portable 
        processing equipment.
            (2) Implementation.--In the second phase of the program, 
        the Secretary shall make competitive grants to eligible 
        entities to implement projects developed under paragraph (1).
    (c) Authorization of Appropriations.--There are authorized to be 
appropriated such sums as are necessary to carry out this section.

SEC. 127. BIOREFINERY INFORMATION CENTER.

    (a) In General.--The Secretary, in cooperation with the Secretary 
of Agriculture, shall establish a biorefinery information center to 
make available to interested parties information on--
            (1) renewable fuel resources, including information on 
        programs and incentives for renewable fuels;
            (2) renewable fuel producers;
            (3) renewable fuel users; and
            (4) potential renewable fuel users.
    (b) Administration.--In administering the biorefinery information 
center, the Secretary shall--
            (1) continually update information provided by the center;
            (2) make information available to interested parties on the 
        process for establishing a biorefinery; and
            (3) make information and assistance provided by the center 
        available through a toll-free telephone number and website.
    (c) Authorization of Appropriations.--There are authorized to be 
appropriated such sums as are necessary to carry out this section.

SEC. 128. ALTERNATIVE FUEL DATABASE AND MATERIALS.

    The Secretary and the Director of the National Institute of 
Standards and Technology shall jointly establish and make available to 
the public--
            (1) a database that describes the physical properties of 
        different types of alternative fuel; and
            (2) standard reference materials for different types of 
        alternative fuel.

SEC. 129. FUEL TANK CAP LABELING REQUIREMENT.

    Section 406(a) of the Energy Policy Act of 1992 (42 U.S.C. 
13232(a)) is amended--
            (1) by striking ``The Federal Trade Commission'' and 
        inserting the following:
            ``(1) In general.--The Federal Trade Commission''; and
            (2) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(2) Fuel tank cap labeling requirement.--Beginning with 
        model year 2010, the fuel tank cap of each alternative fueled 
        vehicle manufactured for sale in the United States shall be 
        clearly labeled to inform consumers that such vehicle can 
        operate on alternative fuel.''.

SEC. 130. BIODIESEL.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall submit to Congress a report 
on any research and development challenges inherent in increasing to 5 
percent the proportion of diesel fuel sold in the United States that is 
biodiesel (as defined in section 757 of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 
(42 U.S.C. 16105)).
    (b) Regulations.--The President shall promulgate regulations 
providing for the uniform labeling of biodiesel blends that are 
certified to meet applicable standards published by the American 
Society for Testing and Materials.
    (c) National Biodiesel Fuel Quality Standard.--
            (1) Quality regulations.--Not later than 180 days after the 
        date of enactment of this Act, the President shall promulgate 
        regulations to ensure that each diesel-equivalent fuel derived 
        from renewable biomass and introduced into interstate commerce 
        is tested and certified to comply with applicable standards of 
        the American Society for Testing and Materials.
            (2) Enforcement.--The President shall ensure that all 
        biodiesel entering interstate commerce meets the requirements 
        of paragraph (1).
            (3) Funding.--There are authorized to be appropriated to 
        the President to carry out this section:
                    (A) $3,000,000 for fiscal year 2008.
                    (B) $3,000,000 for fiscal year 2009.
                    (C) $3,000,000 for fiscal year 2010.

SEC. 131. TRANSITIONAL ASSISTANCE FOR FARMERS WHO PLANT DEDICATED 
              ENERGY CROPS FOR A LOCAL CELLULOSIC REFINERY.

    (a) Definitions.--In this section:
            (1) Cellulosic crop.--The term ``cellulosic crop'' means a 
        tree or grass that is grown specifically--
                    (A) to provide raw materials (including feedstocks) 
                for conversion to liquid transportation fuels or 
                chemicals through biochemical or thermochemical 
                processes; or
                    (B) for energy generation through combustion, 
                pyrolysis, or cofiring.
            (2) Cellulosic refiner.--The term ``cellulosic refiner'' 
        means the owner or operator of a cellulosic refinery.
            (3) Cellulosic refinery.--The term ``cellulosic refinery'' 
        means a refinery that processes a cellulosic crop.
            (4) Qualified cellulosic crop.--The term ``qualified 
        cellulosic crop'' means, with respect to an agricultural 
        producer, a cellulosic crop that is--
                    (A) the subject of a contract or memorandum of 
                understanding between the producer and a cellulosic 
                refiner, under which the producer is obligated to sell 
                the crop to the cellulosic refiner by a certain date; 
                and
                    (B) produced not more than 70 miles from a 
                cellulosic refinery owned or operated by the cellulosic 
                refiner.
            (5) Secretary.--The term ``Secretary'' means the Secretary 
        of Agriculture.
    (b) Transitional Assistance Payments.--The Secretary shall make 
transitional assistance payments to an agricultural producer during the 
first year in which the producer devotes land to the production of a 
qualified cellulosic crop.
    (c) Amount of Payment.--
            (1) Determined by formula.--Subject to paragraph (2), the 
        Secretary shall devise a formula to be used to calculate the 
        amount of a payment to be made to an agricultural producer 
        under this section, based on the opportunity cost (as 
        determined in accordance with such standard as the Secretary 
        may establish, taking into consideration land rental rates and 
        other applicable costs) incurred by the producer during the 
        first year in which the producer devotes land to the production 
        of the qualified cellulosic crop.
            (2) Limitation.--The total of the amount paid to a producer 
        under this section shall not exceed an amount equal to 25 
        percent of the amounts made available under subsection (e) for 
        the applicable fiscal year.
    (d) Regulations.--The Secretary shall promulgate such regulations 
as the Secretary determines to be necessary to carry out this section.
    (e) Authorization of Appropriations.--There is authorized to be 
appropriated to carry out this section $4,088,000 for each of fiscal 
years 2008 through 2012, to remain available until expended.

SEC. 132. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT IN SUPPORT OF LOW-CARBON FUELS.

    (a) Declaration of Policy.--Congress declares that, in order to 
achieve maximum reductions in greenhouse gas emissions, enhance 
national security, and ensure the protection of wildlife habitat, 
biodiversity, water quality, air quality, and rural and regional 
economies throughout the lifecycle of each low-carbon fuel, it is 
necessary and desirable to undertake a combination of basic and applied 
research, as well as technology development and demonstration, 
involving the colleges and universities of the United States, in 
partnership with the Federal Government, State governments, and the 
private sector.
    (b) Purpose.--The purpose of this section is to provide for 
research support to facilitate the development of sustainable markets 
and technologies to produce and use woody biomass and other low-carbon 
fuels for the production of thermal and electric energy, biofuels, and 
bioproducts.
    (c) Definition of Fuel Emission Baseline.--In this section, the 
term ``fuel emission baseline'' means the average lifecycle greenhouse 
gas emissions per unit of energy of the fossil fuel component of 
conventional transportation fuels in commerce in the United States in 
calendar year 2008, as determined by the President.
    (d) Grant Program.--The President shall establish a program to 
provide to eligible entities (as identified by the President) grants 
for use in--
            (1) providing financial support for not more than 4 nor 
        less than 6 demonstration facilities that--
                    (A) use woody biomass to deploy advanced 
                technologies for production of thermal and electric 
                energy, biofuels, and bioproducts; and
                    (B) are targeted at regional feedstocks and 
                markets;
            (2) conducting targeted research for the development of 
        cellulosic ethanol and other liquid fuels from woody or other 
        biomass that may be used in transportation or stationary 
        applications, such as industrial processes or industrial, 
        commercial, and residential heating;
            (3) conducting research into the best scientifically-based 
        and periodically-updated methods of assessing and certifying 
        the impacts of each low-carbon fuel with respect to--
                    (A) the reduction in lifecycle greenhouse gas 
                emissions of each fuel as compared to--
                            (i) the fuel emission baseline; and
                            (ii) the greenhouse gas emissions of other 
                        sectors, such as the agricultural, industrial, 
                        and manufacturing sectors;
                    (B) the contribution of the fuel toward enhancing 
                the energy security of the United States by displacing 
                imported petroleum and petroleum products;
                    (C) any impacts of the fuel on wildlife habitat, 
                biodiversity, water quality, and air quality; and
                    (D) any effect of the fuel with respect to rural 
                and regional economies;
            (4) conducting research to determine to what extent the use 
        of low-carbon fuels in the transportation sector would impact 
        greenhouse gas emissions in other sectors, such as the 
        agricultural, industrial, and manufacturing sectors;
            (5) conducting research for the development of the supply 
        infrastructure that may provide renewable biomass feedstocks in 
        a consistent, predictable, and environmentally-sustainable 
        manner;
            (6) conducting research for the development of supply 
        infrastructure that may provide renewable low-carbon fuels in a 
        consistent, predictable, and environmentally-sustainable 
        manner; and
            (7) conducting policy research on the global movement of 
        low-carbon fuels in a consistent, predictable, and 
        environmentally-sustainable manner.
    (e) Authorization of Appropriations.--Of the funding authorized 
under section 122, there are authorized to be appropriated to carry out 
this section--
            (1) $45,000,000 for fiscal year 2009;
            (2) $50,000,000 for fiscal year 2010;
            (3) $55,000,000 for fiscal year 2011;
            (4) $60,000,000 for fiscal year 2012; and
            (5) $65,000,000 for fiscal year 2013.

                          Subtitle C--Studies

SEC. 141. STUDY OF ADVANCED BIOFUELS TECHNOLOGIES.

    (a) In General.--Not later than October 1, 2012, the Secretary 
shall offer to enter into a contract with the National Academy of 
Sciences under which the Academy shall conduct a study of technologies 
relating to the production, transportation, and distribution of 
advanced biofuels.
    (b) Scope.--In conducting the study, the Academy shall--
            (1) include an assessment of the maturity of advanced 
        biofuels technologies;
            (2) consider whether the rate of development of those 
        technologies will be sufficient to meet the advanced biofuel 
        standards required under section 111;
            (3) consider the effectiveness of the research and 
        development programs and activities of the Department of Energy 
        relating to advanced biofuel technologies; and
            (4) make policy recommendations to accelerate the 
        development of those technologies to commercial viability, as 
        appropriate.
    (c) Report.--Not later than November 30, 2014, the Secretary shall 
submit to the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate 
and the Committee on Energy and Commerce of the House of 
Representatives a report describing the results of the study conducted 
under this section.

SEC. 142. STUDY OF INCREASED CONSUMPTION OF ETHANOL-BLENDED GASOLINE 
              WITH HIGHER LEVELS OF ETHANOL.

    (a) In General.--The Secretary, in cooperation with the Secretary 
of Agriculture, the Administrator of the Environmental Protection 
Agency, and the Secretary of Transportation, and after providing notice 
and an opportunity for public comment, shall conduct a study of the 
feasibility of increasing consumption in the United States of ethanol-
blended gasoline with levels of ethanol that are not less than 10 
percent and not more than 40 percent.
    (b) Study.--The study under subsection (a) shall include--
            (1) a review of production and infrastructure constraints 
        on increasing consumption of ethanol;
            (2) an evaluation of the economic, market, and energy-
        related impacts of State and regional differences in ethanol 
        blends;
            (3) an evaluation of the economic, market, and energy-
        related impacts on gasoline retailers and consumers of separate 
        and distinctly labeled fuel storage facilities and dispensers;
            (4) an evaluation of the environmental impacts of mid-level 
        ethanol blends on evaporative and exhaust emissions from on-
        road, off-road, and marine engines, recreational boats, 
        vehicles, and equipment;
            (5) an evaluation of the impacts of mid-level ethanol 
        blends on the operation, durability, and performance of on-
        road, off-road, and marine engines, recreational boats, 
        vehicles, and equipment; and
            (6) an evaluation of the safety impacts of mid-level 
        ethanol blends on consumers that own and operate off-road and 
        marine engines, recreational boats, vehicles, or equipment.
    (c) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of 
this Act, the Secretary shall submit to Congress a report describing 
the results of the study conducted under this section.

SEC. 143. PIPELINE FEASIBILITY STUDY.

    (a) In General.--The Secretary, in coordination with the Secretary 
of Agriculture and the Secretary of Transportation, shall conduct a 
study of the feasibility of the construction of dedicated ethanol 
pipelines.
    (b) Factors.--In conducting the study, the Secretary shall 
consider--
            (1) the quantity of ethanol production that would make 
        dedicated pipelines economically viable;
            (2) existing or potential barriers to dedicated ethanol 
        pipelines, including technical, siting, financing, and 
        regulatory barriers;
            (3) market risk (including throughput risk) and means of 
        mitigating the risk;
            (4) regulatory, financing, and siting options that would 
        mitigate risk in those areas and help ensure the construction 
        of 1 or more dedicated ethanol pipelines;
            (5) financial incentives that may be necessary for the 
        construction of dedicated ethanol pipelines, including the 
        return on equity that sponsors of the initial dedicated ethanol 
        pipelines will require to invest in the pipelines;
            (6) technical factors that may compromise the safe 
        transportation of ethanol in pipelines, identifying remedial 
        and preventative measures to ensure pipeline integrity; and
            (7) such other factors as the Secretary considers 
        appropriate.
    (c) Report.--Not later than 15 months after the date of enactment 
of this Act, the Secretary shall submit to Congress a report describing 
the results of the study conducted under this section.

SEC. 144. STUDY OF OPTIMIZATION OF FLEXIBLE FUELED VEHICLES TO USE E-85 
              FUEL.

    (a) In General.--The Secretary shall conduct a study of methods of 
increasing the fuel efficiency of flexible fueled vehicles by 
optimizing flexible fueled vehicles to operate using E-85 fuel.
    (b) Report.--Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of 
this Act, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Energy and 
Natural Resources of the Senate and the Committee on Natural Resources 
of the House of Representatives a report that describes the results of 
the study, including any recommendations of the Secretary.

SEC. 145. STUDY OF CREDITS FOR USE OF RENEWABLE ELECTRICITY IN ELECTRIC 
              VEHICLES.

    (a) Definition of Electric Vehicle.--In this section, the term 
``electric vehicle'' means an electric motor vehicle (as defined in 
section 601 of the Energy Policy Act of 1992 (42 U.S.C. 13271)) for 
which the rechargeable storage battery--
            (1) receives a charge directly from a source of electric 
        current that is external to the vehicle; and
            (2) provides a minimum of 80 percent of the motive power of 
        the vehicle.
    (b) Study.--The Secretary shall conduct a study on the feasibility 
of issuing credits under the program established under section 111(d) 
to electric vehicles powered by electricity produced from renewable 
energy sources.
    (c) Report.--Not later than 18 months after the date of enactment 
of this Act, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Energy and 
Natural Resources of the Senate and the Committee on Energy and 
Commerce of the House of Representatives a report that describes the 
results of the study, including a description of--
            (1) existing programs and studies on the use of renewable 
        electricity as a means of powering electric vehicles; and
            (2) alternatives for--
                    (A) designing a pilot program to determine the 
                feasibility of using renewable electricity to power 
                electric vehicles as an adjunct to a renewable fuels 
                mandate;
                    (B) allowing the use, under the pilot program 
                designed under subparagraph (A), of electricity 
                generated from nuclear energy as an additional source 
                of supply;
                    (C) identifying the source of electricity used to 
                power electric vehicles; and
                    (D) equating specific quantities of electricity to 
                quantities of renewable fuel under section 111(d).

SEC. 146. STUDY OF ENGINE DURABILITY ASSOCIATED WITH THE USE OF 
              BIODIESEL.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 30 days after the date of enactment 
of this Act, the Secretary shall initiate a study on the effects of the 
use of biodiesel on engine durability.
    (b) Components.--The study under this section shall include--
            (1) an assessment of whether the use of biodiesel in 
        conventional diesel engines lessens engine durability; and
            (2) an assessment of the effects referred to in subsection 
        (a) with respect to biodiesel blends at varying concentrations, 
        including--
                    (A) B5;
                    (B) B10;
                    (C) B20; and
                    (D) B30.

SEC. 147. STUDY OF INCENTIVES FOR RENEWABLE FUELS.

    (a) Study.--The President shall conduct a study of the renewable 
fuels industry and markets in the United States, including--
            (1) the costs to produce conventional and advanced 
        biofuels;
            (2) the factors affecting the future market prices for 
        those biofuels, including world oil prices; and
            (3) the financial incentives necessary to enhance, to the 
        maximum extent practicable, the biofuels industry of the United 
        States to reduce the dependence of the United States on foreign 
        oil during calendar years 2011 through 2030.
    (b) Goals.--The study shall include an analysis of the options for 
financial incentives and the advantage and disadvantages of each 
option.
    (c) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of 
this Act, the President shall submit to Congress a report that 
describes the results of the study.

SEC. 148. STUDY OF STREAMLINED LIFECYCLE ANALYSIS TOOLS FOR THE 
              EVALUATION OF RENEWABLE CARBON CONTENT OF BIOFUELS.

    (a) In General.--The Secretary, in consultation with the Secretary 
of Agriculture and the Administrator of the Environmental Protection 
Agency, shall conduct a study of--
            (1) published methods for evaluating the lifecycle fossil 
        and renewable carbon content of fuels, including conventional 
        and advanced biofuels; and
            (2) methods for performing simplified, streamlined 
        lifecycle analyses of the fossil and renewable carbon content 
        of biofuels.
    (b) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of 
this Act, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Energy and 
Natural Resources of the Senate and the Committee on Energy and 
Commerce of the House of Representatives a report that describes the 
results of the study under subsection (a), including recommendations 
for a method for performing a simplified, streamlined lifecycle 
analysis of the fossil and renewable carbon content of biofuels that 
includes--
            (1) carbon inputs to feedstock production; and
            (2) carbon inputs to the biofuel production process, 
        including the carbon associated with electrical and thermal 
        energy inputs.

SEC. 149. STUDY OF EFFECTS OF ETHANOL-BLENDED GASOLINE ON OFF-ROAD 
              VEHICLES.

    (a) Study.--
            (1) In general.--The Secretary, in consultation with the 
        Secretary of Transportation and the Administrator of the 
        Environmental Protection Agency, shall conduct a study to 
        determine the effects of ethanol-blended gasoline on off-road 
        vehicles and recreational boats.
            (2) Evaluation.--The study shall include an evaluation of 
        the operational, safety, durability, and environmental impacts 
        of ethanol-blended gasoline on off-road and marine engines, 
        recreational boats, and related equipment.
    (b) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of 
this Act, the Secretary shall submit to Congress a report describing 
the results of the study.

SEC. 150. STUDY OF OFFSHORE WIND RESOURCES.

    (a) Definitions.--In this section:
            (1) Eligible institution.--The term ``eligible 
        institution'' means a college or university that--
                    (A) as of the date of enactment of this Act, has an 
                offshore wind power research program; and
                    (B) is located in a region of the United States 
                that is in reasonable proximity to the eastern outer 
                Continental Shelf, as determined by the Secretary.
            (2) Secretary.--The term ``Secretary'' means the Secretary 
        of the Interior, acting through the Director of the Minerals 
        Management Service.
    (b) Study.--The Secretary, in cooperation with an eligible 
institution, as selected by the Secretary, shall conduct a study to 
assess each offshore wind resource located in the region of the eastern 
outer Continental Shelf.
    (c) Report.--Upon completion of the study under subsection (b), the 
Secretary shall submit to Congress a report that includes--
            (1) a description of--
                    (A) the locations and total power generation 
                resources of the best offshore wind resources located 
                in the region of the eastern outer Continental Shelf, 
                as determined by the Secretary;
                    (B) based on conflicting zones relating to any 
                infrastructure that, as of the date of enactment of 
                this Act, is located in close proximity to any offshore 
                wind resource, the likely exclusion zones of each 
                offshore wind resource described in subparagraph (A);
                    (C) the relationship of the temporal variation of 
                each offshore wind resource described in subparagraph 
                (A) with--
                            (i) any other offshore wind resource; and
                            (ii) with loads and corresponding system 
                        operator markets;
                    (D) the geological compatibility of each offshore 
                wind resource described in subparagraph (A) with any 
                potential technology relating to sea floor towers; and
                    (E) with respect to each area in which an offshore 
                wind resource described in subparagraph (A) is located, 
                the relationship of the authority under any coastal 
                management plan of the State in which the area is 
                located with the Federal Government; and
            (2) recommendations on the manner by which to handle 
        offshore wind intermittence.
    (d) Incorporation of Study.--Effective beginning on the date on 
which the Secretary completes the study under subsection (b), the 
Secretary shall incorporate the findings included in the report under 
subsection (c) into the planning process documents for any wind energy 
lease sale--
            (1) relating to any offshore wind resource located in any 
        appropriate area of the outer Continental Shelf, as determined 
        by the Secretary; and
            (2) that is completed on or after the date of enactment of 
        this Act.
    (e) Effect.--Nothing in this section--
            (1) delays any final regulation to be promulgated by the 
        Secretary of the Interior to carry out section 8(p) of the 
        Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act (43 U.S.C. 1337(p)); or
            (2) limits the authority of the Secretary to lease any 
        offshore wind resource located in any appropriate area of the 
        outer Continental Shelf, as determined by the Secretary.
    (f) Authorization of Appropriations.--There is authorized to be 
appropriated to carry out this section $5,000,000, to remain available 
until expended.

                  Subtitle D--Environmental Safeguards

SEC. 161. GRANTS FOR PRODUCTION OF ADVANCED BIOFUELS.

    (a) In General.--The Secretary shall establish a grant program to 
encourage the production of advanced biofuels.
    (b) Requirements and Priority.--In making grants under this 
section, the Secretary--
            (1) shall make awards to the proposals for advanced 
        biofuels with the greatest reduction in lifecycle greenhouse 
        gas emissions compared to the comparable motor vehicle fuel 
        lifecycle emissions during calendar year 2007; and
            (2) shall not make an award to a project that does not 
        achieve at least a 50-percent reduction in such lifecycle 
        greenhouse gas emissions.
    (c) Authorization of Appropriations.--There is authorized to be 
appropriated to carry out this section $500,000,000 for the period of 
fiscal years 2008 through 2015.

SEC. 162. STUDIES OF EFFECTS OF RENEWABLE FUEL USE.

    Section 211 of the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7545) is amended by 
adding at the end the following:
    ``(t) Studies of Effects of Renewable Fuel Use.--
            ``(1) In general.--Not later than 1 year after the date of 
        enactment of this subsection, the Administrator shall offer to 
        enter into appropriate arrangements with the National Academy 
        of Sciences and any other independent research institute 
        determined to be appropriate by the Administrator, in 
        consultation with appropriate Federal agencies, to conduct 2 
        studies on the effects of increased domestic use of renewable 
        fuels under the Renewable Fuels, Consumer Protection, and 
        Energy Efficiency Act of 2007.
            ``(2) Matters to be studied.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The studies under this 
                subsection shall assess, quantify, and recommend 
                analytical methodologies in relation to environmental 
                changes associated with the increased domestic use of 
                renewable fuels under the Renewable Fuels, Consumer 
                Protection, and Energy Efficiency Act of 2007, 
                including production, handling, transportation, and use 
                of the fuels.
                    ``(B) Specific matters.--The studies shall include 
                an assessment and quantification, to the maximum extent 
                practicable, of significant changes--
                            ``(i) in air and water quality and the 
                        quality of other natural resources;
                            ``(ii) in land use patterns;
                            ``(iii) in the rate of deforestation in the 
                        United States and globally;
                            ``(iv) to greenhouse gas emissions;
                            ``(v) to significant geographic areas and 
                        habitats with high biodiversity values 
                        (including species richness, the presence of 
                        species that are exclusively native to a place, 
                        or the presence of endangered species); or
                            ``(vi) in the long-term capacity of the 
                        United States to produce biomass feedstocks.
                    ``(C) Baseline comparison.--In making an assessment 
                or quantifying effects of increased use of renewable 
                fuels, the studies shall use an appropriate baseline 
                involving increased use of the conventional 
                transportation fuels, if displacement by use of 
                renewable fuels had not occurred.
            ``(3) Reports to congress.--The Administrator shall submit 
        to Congress a report summarizing the assessments and findings 
        of--
                    ``(A) the first study, along with any 
                recommendations by the Administrator to mitigate 
                adverse effects identified by the study, not later than 
                3 years after the date of enactment of this subsection; 
                and
                    ``(B) the second study, along with any 
                recommendations by the Administrator to mitigate 
                adverse effects identified by the study, not later 
                December 31, 2015.''.

SEC. 163. INTEGRATED CONSIDERATION OF WATER QUALITY IN DETERMINATIONS 
              ON FUELS AND FUEL ADDITIVES.

    Section 211(c)(1) of the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7545(c)(1)) is 
amended--
            (1) by striking ``nonroad vehicle (A) if in the judgment of 
        the Administrator'' and inserting ``nonroad vehicle--
                    ``(A) if, in the judgment of the Administrator, any 
                fuel or fuel additive or'';
            (2) in subparagraph (A), by striking ``air pollution 
        which'' and inserting ``air pollution or water pollution 
        (including any degradation in the quality of groundwater) 
        that''; and
            (3) by striking ``, or (B) if'' and inserting the 
        following: ``; or
                    ``(B) if''.

SEC. 164. ANTI-BACKSLIDING.

    Section 211 of the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7545) (as amended by 
section 162) is amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``(u) Prevention of Air Quality Deterioration.--
            ``(1) Study.--
                    ``(A) In general.--Not later than 18 months after 
                the date of enactment of the Renewable Fuels, Consumer 
                Protection, and Energy Efficiency Act of 2007, the 
                Administrator shall complete a study to determine 
                whether the renewable fuel volumes required by that Act 
                will adversely impact air quality as a result of 
                changes in vehicle and engine emissions of air 
                pollutants regulated under this Act.
                    ``(B) Considerations.--The study shall include 
                consideration of--
                            ``(i) different blend levels, types of 
                        renewable fuels, and available vehicle 
                        technologies; and
                            ``(ii) appropriate national, regional, and 
                        local air quality control measures.
            ``(2) Regulations.--Not later than 3 years after the date 
        of enactment of the Renewable Fuels, Consumer Protection, and 
        Energy Efficiency Act of 2007, the Administrator shall--
                    ``(A) promulgate regulations to implement 
                appropriate measures to mitigate, to the greatest 
                extent achievable, considering the results of the study 
                under paragraph (1), any adverse impacts on air 
                quality, as the result of the renewable volumes 
                required by that Act; or
                    ``(B) make a determination that no such measures 
                are necessary.
            ``(3) Other requirements.--Nothing in title I of the 
        Renewable Fuels, Consumer Protection, and Energy Efficiency Act 
        of 2007 supercedes or otherwise affects any Federal or State 
        requirement under any other provision of law that is more 
        stringent than any requirement of this title.''.

                 TITLE II--ENERGY EFFICIENCY PROMOTION

SEC. 201. SHORT TITLE.

    This title may be cited as the ``Energy Efficiency Promotion Act of 
2007''.

SEC. 202. DEFINITION OF SECRETARY.

    In this title, the term ``Secretary'' means the Secretary of 
Energy.

          Subtitle A--Promoting Advanced Lighting Technologies

SEC. 211. ACCELERATED PROCUREMENT OF ENERGY EFFICIENT LIGHTING.

    Section 553 of the National Energy Conservation Policy Act (42 
U.S.C. 8259b) is amended by adding the following:
    ``(f) Accelerated Procurement of Energy Efficient Lighting.--
            ``(1) In general.--Not later than October 1, 2013, in 
        accordance with guidelines issued by the Secretary, all general 
        purpose lighting in Federal buildings shall be Energy Star 
        products or products designated under the Federal Energy 
        Management Program.
            ``(2) Guidelines.--
                    ``(A) In general.--Not later than 1 year after the 
                date of enactment of this subsection, the Secretary 
                shall issue guidelines to carry out this subsection.
                    ``(B) Replacement costs.--The guidelines shall take 
                into consideration the costs of replacing all general 
                service lighting and the reduced cost of operation and 
                maintenance expected to result from such 
                replacement.''.

SEC. 212. INCANDESCENT REFLECTOR LAMP EFFICIENCY STANDARDS.

    (a) Definitions.--Section 321 of the Energy Policy and Conservation 
Act (42 U.S.C. 6291) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (30)(C)(ii)--
                    (A) in the matter preceding subclause (I)--
                            (i) by striking ``or similar bulb shapes 
                        (excluding ER or BR)'' and inserting ``ER, BR, 
                        BPAR, or similar bulb shapes''; and
                            (ii) by striking ``2.75'' and inserting 
                        ``2.25''; and
                    (B) by striking ``is either--'' and all that 
                follows through subclause (II) and inserting ``has a 
                rated wattage that is 40 watts or higher''; and
            (2) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(52) BPAR incandescent reflector lamp.--The term `BPAR 
        incandescent reflector lamp' means a reflector lamp as shown in 
        figure C78.21-278 on page 32 of ANSI C78.21-2003.
            ``(53) BR incandescent reflector lamp; br30; br40.--
                    ``(A) BR incandescent reflector lamp.--The term `BR 
                incandescent reflector lamp' means a reflector lamp 
                that has--
                            ``(i) a bulged section below the major 
                        diameter of the bulb and above the approximate 
                        baseline of the bulb, as shown in figure 1 (RB) 
                        on page 7 of ANSI C79.1-1994, incorporated by 
                        reference in section 430.22 of title 10, Code 
                        of Federal Regulations (as in effect on the 
                        date of enactment of this paragraph); and
                            ``(ii) a finished size and shape shown in 
                        ANSI C78.21-1989, including the referenced 
                        reflective characteristics in part 7 of ANSI 
                        C78.21-1989, incorporated by reference in 
                        section 430.22 of title 10, Code of Federal 
                        Regulations (as in effect on the date of 
                        enactment of this paragraph).
                    ``(B) BR30.--The term `BR30' means a BR 
                incandescent reflector lamp with a diameter of 30/8ths 
                of an inch.
                    ``(C) BR40.--The term `BR40' means a BR 
                incandescent reflector lamp with a diameter of 40/8ths 
                of an inch.
            ``(54) ER incandescent reflector lamp; er30; er40.--
                    ``(A) ER incandescent reflector lamp.--The term `ER 
                incandescent reflector lamp' means a reflector lamp 
                that has--
                            ``(i) an elliptical section below the major 
                        diameter of the bulb and above the approximate 
                        baseline of the bulb, as shown in figure 1 (RE) 
                        on page 7 of ANSI C79.1-1994, incorporated by 
                        reference in section 430.22 of title 10, Code 
                        of Federal Regulations (as in effect on the 
                        date of enactment of this paragraph); and
                            ``(ii) a finished size and shape shown in 
                        ANSI C78.21-1989, incorporated by reference in 
                        section 430.22 of title 10, Code of Federal 
                        Regulations (as in effect on the date of 
                        enactment of this paragraph).
                    ``(B) ER30.--The term `ER30' means an ER 
                incandescent reflector lamp with a diameter of 30/8ths 
                of an inch.
                    ``(C) ER40.--The term `ER40' means an ER 
                incandescent reflector lamp with a diameter of 40/8ths 
                of an inch.
            ``(55) R20 incandescent reflector lamp.--The term `R20 
        incandescent reflector lamp' means a reflector lamp that has a 
        face diameter of approximately 2.5 inches, as shown in figure 
        1(R) on page 7 of ANSI C79.1-1994.''.
    (b) Standards for Fluorescent Lamps and Incandescent Reflector 
Lamps.--Section 325(i) of the Energy Policy and Conservation Act (42 
U.S.C. 6925(i)) is amended by striking paragraph (1) and inserting the 
following:
            ``(1) Standards.--
                    ``(A) Definition of effective date.--In this 
                paragraph (other than subparagraph (D)), the term 
                `effective date' means, with respect to each type of 
                lamp specified in a table contained in subparagraph 
                (B), the last day of the period of months corresponding 
                to that type of lamp (as specified in the table) that 
                follows October 24, 1992.
                    ``(B) Minimum standards.--Each of the following 
                general service fluorescent lamps and incandescent 
                reflector lamps manufactured after the effective date 
                specified in the tables contained in this paragraph 
                shall meet or exceed the following lamp efficacy and 
                CRI standards:


                                               ``FLUORESCENT LAMPS
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                                  Effective Date
           Lamp Type               Nominal Lamp       Minimum CRI       Minimum Average Lamp        (Period of
                                      Wattage                              Efficacy (LPW)            Months)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4-foot medium bi-pin...........        >35 W              69                    75.0                    36
                                       35 W               45                    75.0                    36
2-foot U-shaped................        >35 W              69                    68.0                    36
                                       35 W               45                    64.0                    36
8-foot slimline................         65 W              69                    80.0                    18
                                       65 W               45                    80.0                    18
8-foot high output.............       >100 W              69                    80.0                    18
                                       100 W              45                    80.0                    18
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------



                     ``INCANDESCENT REFLECTOR LAMPS
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                          Effective Date
     Nominal Lamp Wattage         Minimum Average Lamp      (Period of
                                     Efficacy (LPW)           Months)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
 40-50.......................             10.5                  36
 51-66.......................             11.0                  36
 67-85.......................             12.5                  36
 86-115......................             14.0                  36
116-155......................             14.5                  36
156-205......................             15.0                  36
------------------------------------------------------------------------

                    ``(C) Exemptions.--The standards specified in 
                subparagraph (B) shall not apply to the following types 
                of incandescent reflector lamps:
                            ``(i) Lamps rated at 50 watts or less that 
                        are ER30, BR30, BR40, or ER40 lamps.
                            ``(ii) Lamps rated at 65 watts that are 
                        BR30, BR40, or ER40 lamps.
                            ``(iii) R20 incandescent reflector lamps 
                        rated 45 watts or less.
                    ``(D) Effective dates.--
                            ``(i) ER, br, and bpar lamps.--The 
                        standards specified in subparagraph (B) shall 
                        apply with respect to ER incandescent reflector 
                        lamps, BR incandescent reflector lamps, BPAR 
                        incandescent reflector lamps, and similar bulb 
                        shapes on and after January 1, 2008.
                            ``(ii) Lamps between 2.25-2.75 inches in 
                        diameter.--The standards specified in 
                        subparagraph (B) shall apply with respect to 
                        incandescent reflector lamps with a diameter of 
                        more than 2.25 inches, but not more than 2.75 
                        inches, on and after January 1, 2008.''.

SEC. 213. BRIGHT TOMORROW LIGHTING PRIZES.

    (a) Establishment.--Not later than 1 year after the date of 
enactment of this Act, as part of the program carried out under section 
1008 of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 16396), the Secretary 
shall establish and award Bright Tomorrow Lighting Prizes for solid 
state lighting in accordance with this section.
    (b) Prize Specifications.--
            (1) 60-watt incandescent replacement lamp prize.--The 
        Secretary shall award a 60-Watt Incandescent Replacement Lamp 
        Prize to an entrant that produces a solid-state light package 
        simultaneously capable of--
                    (A) producing a luminous flux greater than 900 
                lumens;
                    (B) consuming less than or equal to 10 watts;
                    (C) having an efficiency greater than 90 lumens per 
                watt;
                    (D) having a color rendering index greater than 90;
                    (E) having a correlated color temperature of not 
                less than 2,750, and not more than 3,000, degrees 
                Kelvin;
                    (F) having 70 percent of the lumen value under 
                subparagraph (A) exceeding 25,000 hours under typical 
                conditions expected in residential use;
                    (G) having a light distribution pattern similar to 
                a soft 60-watt incandescent A19 bulb;
                    (H) having a size and shape that fits within the 
                maximum dimensions of an A19 bulb in accordance with 
                American National Standards Institute standard C78.20-
                2003, figure C78.20-211;
                    (I) using a single contact medium screw socket; and
                    (J) mass production for a competitive sales 
                commercial market satisfied by the submission of 10,000 
                such units equal to or exceeding the criteria described 
                in subparagraphs (A) through (I).
            (2) PAR type 38 halogen replacement lamp prize.--The 
        Secretary shall award a Parabolic Aluminized Reflector Type 38 
        Halogen Replacement Lamp Prize (referred to in this section as 
        the ``PAR Type 38 Halogen Replacement Lamp Prize'') to an 
        entrant that produces a solid-state-light package 
        simultaneously capable of--
                    (A) producing a luminous flux greater than or equal 
                to 1,350 lumens;
                    (B) consuming less than or equal to 11 watts;
                    (C) having an efficiency greater than 123 lumens 
                per watt;
                    (D) having a color rendering index greater than or 
                equal to 90;
                    (E) having a correlated color coordinate 
                temperature of not less than 2,750, and not more than 
                3,000, degrees Kelvin;
                    (F) having 70 percent of the lumen value under 
                subparagraph (A) exceeding 25,000 hours under typical 
                conditions expected in residential use;
                    (G) having a light distribution pattern similar to 
                a PAR 38 halogen lamp;
                    (H) having a size and shape that fits within the 
                maximum dimensions of a PAR 38 halogen lamp in 
                accordance with American National Standards Institute 
                standard C78-21-2003, figure C78.21-238;
                    (I) using a single contact medium screw socket; and
                    (J) mass production for a competitive sales 
                commercial market satisfied by the submission of 10,000 
                such units equal to or exceeding the criteria described 
                in subparagraphs (A) through (I).
            (3) Twenty-first century lamp prize.--The Secretary shall 
        award a Twenty-First Century Lamp Prize to an entrant that 
        produces a solid-state-light-light capable of--
                    (A) producing a light output greater than 1,200 
                lumens;
                    (B) having an efficiency greater than 150 lumens 
                per watt;
                    (C) having a color rendering index greater than 90;
                    (D) having a color coordinate temperature between 
                2,800 and 3,000 degrees Kelvin; and
                    (E) having a lifetime exceeding 25,000 hours.
    (c) Private Funds.--The Secretary may accept and use funding from 
private sources as part of the prizes awarded under this section.
    (d) Technical Review.--The Secretary shall establish a technical 
review committee composed of non-Federal officers to review entrant 
data submitted under this section to determine whether the data meets 
the prize specifications described in subsection (b).
    (e) Third Party Administration.--The Secretary may competitively 
select a third party to administer awards under this section.
    (f) Award Amounts.--Subject to the availability of funds to carry 
out this section, the amount of--
            (1) the 60-Watt Incandescent Replacement Lamp Prize 
        described in subsection (b)(1) shall be $10,000,000;
            (2) the PAR Type 38 Halogen Replacement Lamp Prize 
        described in subsection (b)(2) shall be $5,000,000; and
            (3) the Twenty-First Century Lamp Prize described in 
        subsection (b)(3) shall be $5,000,000.
    (g) Federal Procurement of Solid-State-Lights.--
            (1) 60-watt incandescent replacement.--Subject to paragraph 
        (3), as soon as practicable after the successful award of the 
        60-Watt Incandescent Replacement Lamp Prize under subsection 
        (b)(1), the Secretary (in consultation with the Administrator 
        of General Services) shall develop governmentwide Federal 
        purchase guidelines with a goal of replacing the use of 60-watt 
        incandescent lamps in Federal Government buildings with a 
        solid-state-light package described in subsection (b)(1) by not 
        later than the date that is 5 years after the date the award is 
        made.
            (2) PAR 38 halogen replacement lamp replacement.--Subject 
        to paragraph (3), as soon as practicable after the successful 
        award of the PAR Type 38 Halogen Replacement Lamp Prize under 
        subsection (b)(2), the Secretary (in consultation with the 
        Administrator of General Services) shall develop governmentwide 
        Federal purchase guidelines with the goal of replacing the use 
        of PAR 38 halogen lamps in Federal Government buildings with a 
        solid-state-light package described in subsection (b)(2) by not 
        later than the date that is 5 years after the date the award is 
        made.
            (3) Waivers.--
                    (A) In general.--The Secretary or the Administrator 
                of General Services may waive the application of 
                paragraph (1) or (2) if the Secretary or Administrator 
                determines that the return on investment from the 
                purchase of a solid-state-light package described in 
                paragraph (1) or (2) of subsection (b), respectively, 
                is cost prohibitive.
                    (B) Report of waiver.--If the Secretary or 
                Administrator waives the application of paragraph (1) 
                or (2), the Secretary or Administrator, respectively, 
                shall submit to Congress an annual report that 
                describes the waiver and provides a detailed 
                justification for the waiver.
    (h) Report.--Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of 
this Act, and annually thereafter, the Administrator of General 
Services shall submit to the Energy Information Agency a report 
describing the quantity, type, and cost of each lighting product 
purchased by the Federal Government.
    (i) Bright Light Tomorrow Award Fund.--
            (1) Establishment.--There is established in the United 
        States Treasury a Bright Light Tomorrow permanent fund without 
        fiscal year limitation to award prizes under paragraphs (1), 
        (2), and (3) of subsection (b).
            (2) Sources of funding.--The fund established under 
        paragraph (1) shall accept--
                    (A) fiscal year appropriations; and
                    (B) private contributions authorized under 
                subsection (c).
    (j) Authorization of Appropriations.--There are authorized to be 
appropriated such sums as are necessary to carry out this section.

SEC. 214. SENSE OF SENATE CONCERNING EFFICIENT LIGHTING STANDARDS.

    (a) Findings.--The Senate finds that--
            (1) there are approximately 4,000,000,000 screw-based 
        sockets in the United States that contain traditional, energy-
        inefficient, incandescent light bulbs;
            (2) incandescent light bulbs are based on technology that 
        is more than 125 years old;
            (3) there are radically more efficient lighting 
        alternatives in the market, with the promise of even more 
        choices over the next several years;
            (4) national policy can support a rapid substitution of 
        new, energy-efficient light bulbs for the less efficient 
        products in widespread use; and,
            (5) transforming the United States market to use of more 
        efficient lighting technologies can--
                    (A) reduce electric costs in the United States by 
                more than $18,000,000,000 annually;
                    (B) save the equivalent electricity that is 
                produced by 80 base load coal-fired power plants; and
                    (C) reduce fossil fuel related emissions by 
                approximately 158,000,000 tons each year.
    (b) Sense of the Senate.--It is the sense of the Senate that the 
Senate should--
            (1) pass a set of mandatory, technology-neutral standards 
        to establish firm energy efficiency performance targets for 
        lighting products;
            (2) ensure that the standards become effective within the 
        next 10 years; and
            (3) in developing the standards--
                    (A) establish the efficiency requirements to ensure 
                that replacement lamps will provide consumers with the 
                same quantity of light while using significantly less 
                energy;
                    (B) ensure that consumers will continue to have 
                multiple product choices, including energy-saving 
                halogen, incandescent, compact fluorescent, and LED 
                light bulbs; and
                    (C) work with industry and key stakeholders on 
                measures that can assist consumers and businesses in 
                making the important transition to more efficient 
                lighting.

SEC. 215. RENEWABLE ENERGY CONSTRUCTION GRANTS.

    (a) Definitions.--In this section:
            (1) Alaska small hydroelectric power.--The term ``Alaska 
        small hydroelectric power'' means power that--
                    (A) is generated--
                            (i) in the State of Alaska;
                            (ii) without the use of a dam or 
                        impoundment of water; and
                            (iii) through the use of--
                                    (I) a lake tap (but not a perched 
                                alpine lake); or
                                    (II) a run-of-river screened at the 
                                point of diversion; and
                    (B) has a nameplate capacity rating of a wattage 
                that is not more than 15 megawatts.
            (2) Eligible applicant.--The term ``eligible applicant'' 
        means any--
                    (A) governmental entity;
                    (B) private utility;
                    (C) public utility;
                    (D) municipal utility;
                    (E) cooperative utility;
                    (F) Indian tribes; and
                    (G) Regional Corporation (as defined in section 3 
                of the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act (43 U.S.C. 
                1602)).
            (3) Ocean energy.--
                    (A) Inclusions.--The term ``ocean energy'' includes 
                current, wave, and tidal energy.
                    (B) Exclusion.--The term ``ocean energy'' excludes 
                thermal energy.
            (4) Renewable energy project.--The term ``renewable energy 
        project'' means a project--
                    (A) for the commercial generation of electricity; 
                and
                    (B) that generates electricity from--
                            (i) solar, wind, or geothermal energy or 
                        ocean energy;
                            (ii) biomass (as defined in section 203(b) 
                        of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 
                        15852(b)));
                            (iii) landfill gas; or
                            (iv) Alaska small hydroelectric power.
    (b) Renewable Energy Construction Grants.--
            (1) In general.--The Secretary shall use amounts 
        appropriated under this section to make grants for use in 
        carrying out renewable energy projects.
            (2) Criteria.--Not later than 180 days after the date of 
        enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall set forth criteria 
        for use in awarding grants under this section.
            (3) Application.--To receive a grant from the Secretary 
        under paragraph (1), an eligible applicant shall submit to the 
        Secretary an application at such time, in such manner, and 
        containing such information as the Secretary may require, 
        including a written assurance that--
                    (A) all laborers and mechanics employed by 
                contractors or subcontractors during construction, 
                alteration, or repair that is financed, in whole or in 
                part, by a grant under this section shall be paid wages 
                at rates not less than those prevailing on similar 
                construction in the locality, as determined by the 
                Secretary of Labor in accordance with sections 3141-