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                                                         S. Prt. 106-46


 
                     COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN RELATIONS
                  COMMITTEE ON INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

=======================================================================


        Legislation on
        Foreign Relations
        Through 1999

                                     
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED]CONGRESS.#15

                                     

                               MARCH 2000

                               VOLUME I-A

                         OF VOLUMES I-A AND I-B

                        CURRENT LEGISLATION AND

                        RELATED EXECUTIVE ORDERS

                              U.S. Senate

                     U.S. House of Representatives


    Printed for the use of the Committees on Foreign Relations and 
International Relations of the Senate and the House of Representatives 
                              respectively



                    U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
                           WASHINGTON : 2000
61-649 CC                                                               
                                             

_______________________________________________________________________

 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing 
                                 Office
                         Washington, D.C. 20402


                     COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN RELATIONS

                 JESSE HELMS, North Carolina, Chairman

RICHARD G. LUGAR, Indiana            JOSEPH R. BIDEN, Jr., Delaware
CHUCK HAGEL, Nebraska                PAUL S. SARBANES, Maryland
GORDON H. SMITH, Oregon              CHRISTOPHER J. DODD, Connecticut
ROD GRAMS, Minnesota                 JOHN F. KERRY, Massachusetts
SAM BROWNBACK, Kansas                RUSSELL D. FEINGOLD, Wisconsin
CRAIG THOMAS, Wyoming                PAUL D. WELLSTONE, Minnesota
JOHN ASHCROFT, Missouri              BARBARA BOXER, California
BILL FRIST, Tennessee                ROBERT G. TORRICELLI, New Jersey
LINCOLN D. CHAFEE, Rhode Island

                   Stephen E. Biegun, Staff Director

                 Edwin K. Hall, Minority Staff Director

                                 ______

                  COMMITTEE ON INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

                 BENJAMIN A. GILMAN, New York, Chairman

WILLIAM F. GOODLING, Pennsylvania    SAM GEJDENSON, Connecticut
JAMES A. LEACH, Iowa                 TOM LANTOS, California
HENRY J. HYDE, Illinois              HOWARD L. BERMAN, California
DOUG BEREUTER, Nebraska              GARY L. ACKERMAN, New York
CHRISTOPHER H. SMITH, New Jersey     ENI F.H. FALEOMAVAEGA, American 
DAN BURTON, Indiana                  Samoa
ELTON GALLEGLY, California           MATTHEW G. MARTINEZ, California
ILEANA ROS-LEHTINEN, Florida         DONALD M. PAYNE, New Jersey
CASS BALLENGER, North Carolina       ROBERT MENENDEZ, New Jersey
DANA ROHRABACHER, California         SHERROD BROWN, Ohio
DONALD A. MANZULLO, Illinois         CYNTHIA A. McKINNEY, Georgia
EDWARD R. ROYCE, California          ALCEE L. HASTINGS, Florida
PETER T. KING, New York              PAT DANNER, Missouri
STEVEN CHABOT, Ohio                  EARL F. HILLIARD, Alabama
MARSHALL ``MARK'' SANFORD, South     BRAD SHERMAN, California
Carolina                             ROBERT WEXLER, Florida
MATT SALMON, Arizona                 STEVEN R. ROTHMAN, New Jersey
AMO HOUGHTON, New York               JIM DAVIS, Florida
TOM CAMPBELL, California             EARL POMEROY, North Dakota
JOHN M. McHUGH, New York             WILLIAM D. DELAHUNT, Massachusetts
KEVIN BRADY, Texas                   GEORGE W. MEEKS, New York
RICHARD BURR, North Carolina         BARBARA LEE, California
PAUL E. GILLMOR, Ohio                JOSEPH CROWLEY, New York
GEORGE RADANOVICH, California        JOSEPH M. HOEFFEL, Pennsylvania
JOHN COOKSEY, Louisiana
THOMAS G. TANCREDO, Colorado

                    Richard J. Garon, Chief of Staff

          Kathleen Bertelsen Moazed, Democratic Chief of Staff

                                  (ii)

  
?

                                FOREWORD

                              ----------                              

    This volume of legislation and related material is part of 
a five volume set of laws and related material frequently 
referred to by the Committees on International Relations of the 
House of Representatives and Foreign Relations of the Senate, 
amended to date and annotated to show pertinent history or 
cross references.
    Volumes I (A and B), II, III and IV contain legislation and 
related material and are republished with amendments and 
additions at the end of each annual session of Congress. Volume 
V, which contains treaties and related material, is revised 
periodically.
    We wish to express our appreciation to Dianne E. Rennack 
and C. Winston Woodland of the Foreign Affairs and National 
Defense Division of the Congressional Research Service of the 
Library of Congress who prepared volume I-A of this year's 
compilation.
                                           Jesse Helms,
                          Chairman, Committee on Foreign Relations.
                                           Benjamin A. Gilman,
                    Chairman, Committee on International Relations.

                                 (iii)
?

                            EXPLANATORY NOTE

                              ----------                              

    The body of statutory law set out in this volume was in 
force, as amended, at the end of 1999.
    This volume sets out ``session law'' as originally enacted 
by Congress and published by the Archivist of the United States 
as ``slip law'' and later in the series United States Statutes 
at Large (as subsequently amended, if applicable). Amendments 
are incorporated into the text and distinguished by a footnote. 
Session law is organized in this series by subject matter in a 
manner designed to meet the needs of the Congress.
    Although laws enacted by Congress in the area of foreign 
relations are also codified by the Law Revision Counsel of the 
House of Representatives, typically in title 22 United States 
Code, those codifications are not positive law and are not, in 
most instances, the basis of further amendment by the Congress. 
Cross references to the United States Code are included as 
footnotes for the convenience of the reader.
    All Executive orders and State Department delegations of 
authority are codified and in force as of January 15, 2000.
    Corrections may be sent to Dianne Rennack at Library of 
Congress, Congressional Research Service, Washington D.C., 
20540-7460, or by electronic mail at drennack@crs.loc.gov.

                                  (v)
?

                             ABBREVIATIONS

Bevans......................................  Treaties and Other
                                               International Agreements
                                               of the United States of
                                               America, 1776-1949,
                                               compiled under the
                                               direction of Charles I.
                                               Bevans.
CFR.........................................  Code of Federal
                                               Regulations.
EAS.........................................  Executive Agreement
                                               Series.
F.R.........................................  Federal Register.
LNTS........................................  League of Nations Treaty
                                               Series.
I Malloy, II Malloy.........................  Treaties, Conventions,
                                               International Acts,
                                               Protocols, and Agreements
                                               Between the United States
                                               of America and Other
                                               Powers, 1776-1909,
                                               compiled under the
                                               direction of the United
                                               States Senate by William
                                               M. Malloy.
Stat........................................  United States Statutes at
                                               Large.
TIAS........................................  Treaties and Other
                                               International Acts
                                               Series.
TS..........................................  Treaty Series.
UNTS........................................  United Nations Treaty
                                               Series.
U.S.C.......................................  United States Code.
UST.........................................  United States Treaties and
                                               Other International
                                               Agreements.


                                 (vii)




                            C O N T E N T S

                               __________
                                                                   Page

FOREWORD.........................................................   iii

EXPLANATORY NOTE.................................................     v

ABBREVIATIONS....................................................   vii

A. FOREIGN ASSISTANCE............................................     1

 1. Foreign Assistance and Arms Export Acts......................    15
 2. Foreign Assistance Appropriations............................   652

APPENDICES.......................................................   829

INDEX............................................................   873

                                  (ix)

  
=======================================================================




                         A. FOREIGN ASSISTANCE

                                CONTENTS

                                                                   Page

1. Foreign Assistance and Arms Export Acts.......................    15
    a. The Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, as amended (Public Law 
      87-195)....................................................    15
        Part I
            Chapter 1--Policy; Development Assistance 
              Authorizations.....................................    18
                Section 101--General Policy......................    18
                Section 102--Development Assistance Policy.......    19
                Section 103--Agriculture, Rural Development, and 
                    Nutrition....................................    30
                Section 103A--Agricultural Research..............    32
                Section 104--Population and Health...............    33
                Section 105--Education and Human Resources 
                    Development..................................    38
                Section 106--Energy, Private Voluntary 
                    Organizations, and Selected Development 
                    Activities...................................    39
                Section 107--Appropriate Technology..............    42
                Section 108--Private Sector Revolving Fund.......    42
                Section 109--Transfer of Funds...................    46
                Section 110--Cost-Sharing and Funding Limits.....    47
                Section 111--Development and Use of Cooperatives.    47
                Section 113--Integrating Women Into National 
                    Economies....................................    48
                Section 116--Human Rights........................    48
                Section 117--Environment and Natural Resources...    53
                Section 118--Tropical Forests....................    54
                Section 119--Endangered Species..................    58
                Section 120--Sahel Development Program--Planning.    60
                Section 122--General Authorities.................    61
                Section 123--Private and Voluntary Organizations 
                    and Cooperatives in Overseas Development.....    62
                Section 124--Relatively Least Developed Countries    64
                Section 125--Project and Program Evaluation......    66
                Section 126--Development and Illicit Narcotics 
                    Production...................................    66
                Section 127--Accelerated Loan Repayments.........    66
                Section 128--Targeted Assistance.................    67
                Section 129--Program to Provide Technical 
                    Assistance to Foreign Governments and Foreign 
                    Central Banks of Developing or Transitional 
                    Countries....................................    67
                Section 130--Assistance for Victims of Torture...    72
            Chapter 2--Other Programs............................    72
            Title I--Multilateral and Regional Development 
              Programs...........................................    73
                Section 206--Regional Development in Africa......    73
                Section 209--Multilateral and Regional Programs..    73
            Title II--American Schools and Hospitals Abroad; 
              Prototype Desalting Plant..........................    74
                Section 214--American Schools and Hospitals 
                    Abroad.......................................    74
                Section 219--Prototype Desalting Plant...........    75
            Title III--Housing and Other Credit Guaranty Programs    76
                Section 221--Housing Guaranties..................    76
                Section 222--Authorization.......................    77
                Section 222A--Agricultural and Productive Credit 
                    and Self-Help Community Development Programs.    78
                Section 223--General Provisions..................    80
                Section 224--Trade Credit Insurance Program for 
                    Central America..............................    83
                Section 225--Trade Credit Insurance Program for 
                    Poland.......................................    84
                Section 226--Loan Guarantees to Israel Program...    86
            Title IV--Overseas Private Investment Corporation....    90
                Section 231--Creation, Purpose, and Policy.......    90
                Section 231A--Additional Requirements............    93
                Section 232--Capital of the Corporation..........    95
                Section 233--Organization and Management.........    95
                Section 234--Investment Insurance and Other 
                    Programs.....................................    97
                Section 234A--Enhancing Private Political Risk 
                    Insurance Industry...........................   103
                Section 235--Issuing Authority, Direct Investment 
                    Authority and Reserves.......................   104
                Section 236--Income and Revenues.................   107
                Section 237--General Provisions Relating to 
                    Insurance Guaranty, and Financing Program....   108
                Section 238--Definitions.........................   112
                Section 239--General Provisions and Powers.......   113
                Section 240--Small Business Development..........   116
                Section 240A--Reports to the Congress............   117
                Section 240B--Prohibition on Noncompetitive 
                    Awarding of Insurance Contracts on OPIC 
                    Supported Exports............................   118
            Title V--Disadvantaged Children in Asia..............   119
                Section 241--Assistance to Certain Disadvantaged 
                    Children in Asia.............................   119
            Title IX--Utilization of Democratic Institutions in 
              Development........................................   120
                Section 281--Utilization of Democratic 
                    Institutions in Development..................   120
            Title XII--Famine Prevention and Freedom From Hunger.   121
                Section 296--General Provisions..................   121
                Section 297--General Authority...................   123
                Section 298--Board for International Food and 
                    Agricultural Development.....................   124
                Section 299--Authorization.......................   126
                Section 300--Annual Report.......................   126
            Chapter 3--International Organizations and Programs..   126
                Section 301--General Authority...................   126
                Section 302--Authorization.......................   129
                Section 303--Indus Basin Development.............   132
                Section 305--Integration of Women................   132
                Section 306--Reports on International 
                    Organizations................................   133
                Section 307--Withholding of United States 
                    Proportionate Share for Certain Programs of 
                    International Organizations..................   133
            Chapter 5--Contingencies.............................   135
                Section 451--Contingencies.......................   135
            Chapter 6--Central America Democracy, Peace, and 
              Development Initiative.............................   136
                Section 461--Statement of Policy.................   136
                Section 462--Conditions on Furnishing Assistance.   137
                Section 463--Peace Process in Central America....   137
                Section 464--Economic Assistance Coordination....   138
                Section 465--Authorizations for Fiscal Years 1988 
                    and 1989.....................................   139
                Section 466--Definitions.........................   139
            Chapter 7--Debt-For-Nature Exchanges.................   140
                Section 461--Definition..........................   140
                Section 462--Assistance for Commercial Debt 
                    Exchanges....................................   141
                Section 463--Eligible Projects...................   141
                Section 464--Eligible Countries..................   142
                Section 465--Terms and Conditions................   142
                Section 466--Pilot Program for Sub-Saharan Africa   142
            Chapter 8--International Narcotics Control...........   143
                Section 481--Policy, General Authorities, 
                    Coordination, Foreign Police Actions, 
                    Definitions, and Other Provisions............   143
                Section 482--Authorization.......................   149
                Section 483--Prohibition on Use of Foreign 
                    Assistance for Reimbursements for Drug Crop 
                    Eradications.................................   152
                Section 484--Requirements Relating to Aircraft 
                    and Other Equipment..........................   152
                Section 485--Records of Aircraft Use.............   153
                Section 486--Reallocation of Funds Withheld from 
                    Countries Which Fail to Take Adequate Steps 
                    to Halt Illicit Drug Production or 
                    Trafficking..................................   153
                Section 487--Prohibition on Assistance to Drug 
                    Traffickers..................................   154
                Section 488--Limitations on Acquisitions of Real 
                    Property and Construction of Facilities......   155
                Section 489--Reporting Requirements..............   156
                Section 490--Annual Certification Procedures.....   160
            Chapter 9--International Disaster Assistance.........   164
                Section 491--Policy and General Authority........   164
                Section 492--Authorization.......................   164
                Section 493--Disaster Assistance--Coordination...   165
                Section 494--Disaster Relief Assistance..........   165
                Section 495--Cyprus Relief and Rehabilitation....   165
                Section 495B--Italy Relief and Rehabilitation....   166
                Section 495C--Lebanon Relief and Rehabilitation..   167
                Section 495D--Romanian Relief and Rehabilitation.   167
                Section 495E--Turkey Relief, Rehabilitation, and 
                    Reconstruction...............................   168
                Section 495F--African Rehabilitation and 
                    Resettlement.................................   168
                Section 495G--Special Caribbean Hurricane Relief 
                    Assistance...................................   169
                Section 495H--Cambodian Disaster Relief 
                    Assistance...................................   169
                Section 495I--Assistance for Displaced Persons in 
                    Central America..............................   170
                Section 495J--Lebanon Emergency Relief, 
                    Rehabilitation, and Reconstruction Assistance   171
                Section 495K--African Famine Assistance..........   171
            Chapter 10--Development Fund for Africa..............   172
                Section 496--Long-Term Development Assistance for 
                    Sub-Saharan Africa...........................   172
                Section 497--Authorizations of Appropriations for 
                    the Development Fund for Africa..............   177
            Chapter 11--Support for the Economic and Democratic 
              Development of the Independent States of the Former 
              Soviet Union.......................................   178
                Section 498--Assistance for the Independent 
                    States.......................................   178
                Section 498A--Criteria for Assistance to 
                    Governments of the Independent States........   180
                Section 498B--Authorities Relating to Assistance 
                    and Other Provisions.........................   184
                Section 498C--Authorization of Appropriations....   187
            Chapter 12--Support for the Economic and Political 
              Independence of the Countries of the South Caucasus 
              and Central Asia...................................   190
                Section 499--United States Assistance to Promote 
                    Reconciliation and Recovery from Regional 
                    Conflicts....................................   190
                Section 499A--Economic Assistance................   191
                Section 499B--Development of Infrastructure......   191
                Section 499C--Border Control Assistance..........   192
                Section 499D--Strengthening Democracy, Tolerance, 
                    and the Development of Civil Society.........   192
                Section 499E--Administrative Authorities.........   193
                Section 499F--Definitions........................   193
        Part II
            Chapter 1--Policy....................................   193
                Section 501--Statement of Policy.................   193
                Section 502--Utilization of Defense Articles and 
                    Services.....................................   195
                Section 502B--Human Rights.......................   195
            Chapter 2--Military Assistance.......................   200
                Section 503--General Authority...................   200
                Section 504--Authorization.......................   202
                Section 505--Conditions of Eligibility...........   202
                Section 506--Special Authority...................   207
                Section 511--Considerations in Furnishing 
                    Military Assistance..........................   210
                Section 514--Stockpiling of Defense Articles for 
                    Foreign Countries............................   210
                Section 515--Overseas Management of Assistance 
                    and Sales Programs...........................   213
                Section 516--Authority to Transfer Excess Defense 
                    Articles.....................................   214
                Section 517--Designation of Major Non-NATO Allies   218
            Chapter 3--Foreign Military Sales....................   219
                Section 524--Reimbursements......................   219
            Chapter 4--Economic Support Fund.....................   220
                Section 531--Authority...........................   220
                Section 532--Authorizations of Appropriations....   222
                Section 533--Emergency Assistance................   223
                Section 534--Administration of Justice...........   224
            Chapter 5--International Military Education and 
              Training...........................................   225
                Section 541--General Authority...................   225
                Section 542--Authorization.......................   226
                Section 543--Purposes............................   227
                Section 544--Exchange Training...................   227
                Section 545--Training in Maritime Skills.........   228
                Section 546-- Prohibition on Grant Assistance for 
                    Certain High Income Foreign Countries........   228
            Chapter 6--Peacekeeping Operations...................   228
                Section 551--General Authority...................   228
                Section 552--Authorization of Appropriations.....   228
                Section 553--Administrative Authorities..........   230
                Section 554--Data on Costs Incurred in Support of 
                    United Nations Peacekeepig Operations........   230
            Chapter 7--Air Base Construction in Israel...........   230
                Section 561--General Authority...................   230
                Section 562--Authorization and Utilization of 
                    Funds........................................   231
                Section 563--Waiver Authorities..................   231
            Chapter 8--Antiterrorism Assistance..................   232
                Section 571--General Authority...................   232
                Section 572--Purposes............................   232
                Section 573--Limitations.........................   232
                Section 574--Authorizations of Appropriations....   234
                Section 575--Administrative Authorities..........   235
        Part III
            Chapter 1--General Provisions........................   235
                Section 601--Encouragement of Free Enterprise and 
                    Private Participation........................   235
                Section 602--Small Business......................   238
                Section 603--Shipping on United States Vessels...   238
                Section 604--Procurement.........................   238
                Section 605--Retention and Use of Certain Items 
                    and Funds....................................   240
                Section 606--Patents and Technical Information...   241
                Section 607--Furnishing of Services and 
                    Commodities..................................   242
                Section 608--Advance Acquisition of Property.....   244
                Section 610--Transfer Between Accounts...........   245
                Section 611--Completion of Plans and Cost 
                    Estimates....................................   246
                Section 612--Use of Foreign Currencies...........   247
                Section 613--Accounting, Valuation, Reporting, 
                    and Administration of Foreign Currencies.....   249
                Section 614--Special Authorities.................   250
                Section 615--Contract Authority..................   252
                Section 616--Availability of Funds...............   252
                Section 617--Termination of Assistance...........   252
                Section 620--Prohibitions Against Furnishing 
                    Assistance...................................   252
                Section 620A--Prohibition on Assistance to 
                    Governments Supporting International 
                    Terrorism....................................   263
                Section 620C--United States Policy Regarding the 
                    Eastern Mediterranean........................   266
                Section 620D--Prohibition on Assistance to 
                    Afghanistan..................................   268
                Section 620E--Assistance to Pakistan.............   269
                Section 620F--Nuclear Non-Proliferation Policy in 
                    South Asia...................................   272
                Section 620G--Prohibition on Assistance to 
                    Countries That Aid Terrorist States..........   273
                Section 620G--Depleted Uranium Ammunition........   274
                Section 620H--Prohibition on Assistance to 
                    Countries That Provide Military Equipment to 
                    Terrorist States.............................   274
                Section 620I--Prohibition on Assistance to 
                    Countries That Restrict United States 
                    Humanitarian Assistance......................   275
            Chapter 2--Administrative Provisions.................   276
                Section 621--Exercise of Functions...............   276
                Section 621A--Strengthened Management Practices..   277
                Section 622--Coordination With Foreign Policy....   277
                Section 623--The Secretary of Defense............   278
                Section 624--Statutory Officers..................   278
                Section 625--Employment of Personnel.............   279
                Section 626--Experts, Consultants, and Retired 
                    Officers.....................................   281
                Section 627--Detail of Personnel to Foreign 
                    Governments..................................   282
                Section 628--Detail of Personnel to International 
                    Organizations................................   282
                Section 629--Status of Personnel Detailed........   283
                Section 630--Terms of Detail or Assignment.......   283
                Section 631--Missions and Staffs Abroad..........   284
                Section 632--Allocation and Reimbursement Among 
                    Agencies.....................................   285
                Section 633--Waivers of Certain Laws.............   287
                Section 633A--Furnishing Information.............   287
                Section 634--Annual Report.......................   287
                Section 634A--Notification of Program Changes....   290
                Section 634B--Classification of Reports..........   291
                Section 635--General Authorities.................   291
                Section 636--Provisions on Uses of Funds.........   293
                Section 637--Administrative Expenses.............   298
                Section 638--Exclusions..........................   298
                Section 640A--False Claims and Ineligible 
                    Commodities..................................   299
                Section 640B--Coordination.......................   300
                Section 640C--Shipping Differential..............   301
            Chapter 3--Miscellaneous Provisions..................   301
                Section 641--Effective Date and Identification of 
                    Programs.....................................   301
                Section 642--Statutes Repealed...................   301
                Section 643--Saving Provisions...................   302
                Section 644--Definitions.........................   302
                Section 645--Unexpended Balances.................   305
                Section 646--Construction........................   305
                Section 647--Dependable Fuel Supply..............   305
                Section 648--Special Authorization for Use of 
                    Foreign Currencies...........................   306
                Section 650--Use of United States Armed Forces...   306
                Section 652--Limitation Upon Exercise of Special 
                    Authorities..................................   306
                Section 653--Change in Allocation of Foreign 
                    Assistance...................................   307
                Section 654--Presidential Findings and 
                    Determinations...............................   308
                Section 655--Annual Military Assistance Report...   308
                Section 656--Annual Foreign Military Training 
                    Report.......................................   309
                Section 660--Prohibiting Police Training.........   310
                Section 661--Trade and Development Agency........   312
                Section 663--Exchanges of Certain Materials......   316
                Section 666--Discrimination Against United States 
                    Personnel....................................   316
                Section 667--Operating Expenses..................   317
        Part IV
            Enterprise for the Americas Initiative...............   318
                Section 701--Purpose.............................   318
                Section 702--Definitions.........................   318
                Section 703--Eligibilty for Benefits.............   319
                Section 704--Reduction of Certain Debt...........   320
                Section 705--Repayment of Principal..............   321
                Section 706--Interest on New Obligations.........   321
                Section 707--Enterprise for the Americas Funds...   321
                Section 708--Americas Framework Agreements.......   322
                Section 709--Enterprise for the Americas Board...   324
                Section 710--Annual Reports to the Congress......   324
        Part V
            Debt Reduction for Developing Countries with Tropical 
              Forests............................................   324
                Section 801--Short Title.........................   324
                Section 802--Findings and Purposes...............   325
                Section 803--Definitions.........................   326
                Section 804--Establishment of the Facility.......   327
                Section 805--Eligiblity for Benefits.............   327
                Section 806--Reduction of Debt Owed to the United 
                    States As a Result of Concessional Loans 
                    Under the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961.....   327
                Section 807--Reduction of Debt Owed to the United 
                    States As a Result of Credits Extended Under 
                    Title I of the Agricultural Trade Development 
                    and Assistance Act of 1954...................   328
                Section 808--Authority to Engage in Debt-for-
                    Nature Swaps and Debt Buybacks...............   329
                Section 809--Tropical Forest Agreement...........   331
                Section 810--Tropical Forest Fund................   332
                Section 811--Board...............................   333
                Section 812--Consultations with the Congress.....   334
                Section 813--Annual Reports to the Congress......   334
    b. Arms Export Control Act (Public Law 90-629)...............   335
    c. International Debt Relief (Public Law 106-113) (partial 
      text)......................................................   446
    d. Security Assistance Act of 1999 (Public Law 106-113) 
      (partial text).............................................   451
    e. Defense Offsets Disclosure Act of 1999 (Public Law 106-
      113) (partial text)........................................   455
    f. International Arms Sales Code of Conduct Act of 1999 
      (Public Law 106-113) (partial text)........................   461
    g. Torture Victims Relief....................................   463
            (1) Torture Victims Relief Reauthorization Act of 
              1999 (Public Law 106-87)...........................   463
            (2) Torture Victims Relief Act of 1998 (Public Law 
              105-320) (partial text)............................   465
    h. India-Pakistan Act of 1998 (Public Law 105-277)...........   469
    i. Agriculture Export Relief Act of 1998 (Public Law 105-194)   470
    j. Miscellaneous Authorization--Fiscal Years 1996 and 1997 
      (Public Law 104-164) (partial text)........................   471
    k. Jobs Through Trade Export Act of 1994 (Public Law 103-392) 
      (partial text).............................................   474
    l. Jobs Through Export Act of 1992 (Public Law 102-549)......   476
    m. Overseas Private Investment Corporation Amendments Act of 
      1988 (Public Law 100-461) (partial text)...................   485
    n. Special Foreign Assistance Act of 1986 (Public Law 99-529) 
      (partial text).............................................   487
    o. International Security and Development Cooperation Act of 
      1985 (Public Law 99-83) (partial text).....................   493
            Section 1--Short Title and Table of Contents.........   493
        Title I--Military Assistance and Sales and Related 
          Programs...............................................   493
            Section 101--Foreign Military Sales Credits..........   493
            Section 106--Guaranty Reserve Fund...................   495
            Section 129--Conventional Arms Transfers.............   495
            Section 130--Foreign Military Sales for Jordan.......   496
            Section 131--Certification Concerning AWACS Sold to 
              Saudi Arabia.......................................   497
            Section 132--Cooperative Agreements on Air Defense in 
              Central Europe.....................................   498
        Title II--Economic Support Fund..........................   500
            Section 202--Assistance for the Middle East..........   500
            Section 203--Assistance for Cyprus...................   501
            Section 204--Assistance for Portugal.................   502
            Section 205--Acquisition of Agricultural Commodities 
              Under Commodity Import Programs....................   502
            Section 206--Tied Aid Credit Program.................   502
            Section 207--Restriction on Use of Funds for Nuclear 
              Facilities.........................................   502
            Section 208--Fiscal Year 1985 Supplemental 
              Authorization......................................   503
        Title III--Development Assistance........................   503
            Section 305--Promotion of Immunization and Oral 
              Rehydration........................................   503
            Section 311--Use of Private and Voluntary 
              Organizations, Cooperatives, and the Private Sector   503
            Section 315--Minority Set-Aside......................   504
        Title IV--Other Foreign Assistance Programs..............   504
            Section 402--Voluntary Contributions to International 
              Organizations and Programs.........................   504
        Title V--International Terrorism and Foreign Airport 
          Security...............................................   504
                Part A--International Terrorism Generally
            Section 502--Coordination of All United States 
              Terrorism-Related Assistance to Foreign Countries..   505
            Section 504--Prohibition on Imports From and Exports 
              to Libya...........................................   505
            Section 505--Ban on Importing Goods and Services from 
              Countries Supporting Terrorism.....................   506
            Section 506--International Anti-Terrorism Committee..   506
            Section 507--International Terrorism Control Treaty..   506
            Section 508--State Terrorism.........................   507
                Part B--Foreign Airport Security
            Section 551--Security Standards for Foreign Air 
              Transportation.....................................   507
            Section 554--Enforcement of International Civil 
              Aviation Organization Standards....................   507
            Section 555--International Civil Aviation Boycott of 
              Countries Supporting International Terrorism.......   507
            Section 557--Research on Airport Security Techniques 
              for Detecting Explosives...........................   508
            Section 558--Hijacking of TWA Flight 847 and Other 
              Acts of Terrorism..................................   508
            Section 559--Effective Date..........................   508
        Title VI--International Narcotics Control................   508
            Section 607--Procurement of Weapons to Defend 
              Aircraft Involved in Narcotics Control Efforts.....   508
            Section 610--Assistance for Jamaica..................   509
            Section 611--Assistance for Bolivia..................   509
            Section 612--Assistance to Peru......................   510
            Section 613--Reallocation of Funds if Conditions Not 
              Met................................................   511
            Section 615--Latin American Regional Narcotics 
              Control Organization...............................   511
            Section 616--Greater Effort by United States Armed 
              Forces to Support Narcotics Control Efforts Abroad.   511
            Section 617--Cuban Drug Trafficking..................   511
            Section 619--Drug Trafficking and the Problem of 
              Total Confidentiality of Certain Foreign Bank 
              Accounts...........................................   513
        Title VII--Western Hemisphere............................   513
            Section 702--El Salvador.............................   513
            Section 703--Assistance for Guatemala................   516
            Section 704--Refugees in Honduras....................   518
            Section 705--Promoting the Development of the Haitian 
              People and Providing for Orderly Emigration from 
              Haiti..............................................   518
            Section 706--Military Assistance for Paraguay........   519
            Section 707--Assistance for Peru.....................   520
            Section 709--Comprehensive Reports on Assistance for 
              Latin America and the Caribbean....................   520
            Section 710--Use of Private and Voluntary 
              Organizations......................................   521
            Section 713--Use of Employee Stock Ownership Plans in 
              Development Efforts................................   521
            Section 714--International Advisory Commission for 
              the Caribbean Region...............................   522
            Section 716--Rural Electrification...................   523
            Section 717--Facilitating International Commerce 
              Through Mexico.....................................   523
            Section 718--Condemning Human Rights Violations and 
              the Subversion of Other Governments by the 
              Government of Cuba.................................   524
            Section 719--Reports on Foreign Debt in Latin America   524
            Section 720--Economic Assistance for Uruguay.........   525
            Section 721--Canadian Exports to the United States...   525
            Section 722--Nicaragua...............................   526
        Title VIII--Africa.......................................   535
            Section 801--Balance-of-Payments Support for 
              Countries in Africa................................   535
            Section 802--Economic Support Assistance for Southern 
              Africa.............................................   536
            Section 803--Policy Toward South African 
              ``Homelands''......................................   537
            Section 804--Assistance for Zaire....................   538
            Section 805--Assistance for Tunisia..................   538
            Section 806--Political Settlement in Sudan...........   539
            Section 807--Elections in Liberia....................   539
            Section 808--Western Sahara..........................   539
            Section 813--Assistance for the People's Republic of 
              Mozambique.........................................   540
        Title IX--Asia...........................................   541
            Section 901--The Philippines.........................   541
            Section 903--Disadvantaged Children in Asia..........   542
            Section 904--Assistance for Afghanistan..............   543
            Section 905--Assistance for the Cambodian People.....   543
            Section 906--Prohibition on Certain Assistance for 
              the Khmer Rouge....................................   543
            Section 907--Political Settlement in Sri Lanka.......   543
            Section 908--United States Policy Toward the Republic 
              of Korea...........................................   544
        Title X--Food and Agricultural Assistance................   545
            Section 1008--Long-Term Agricultural Commodity 
              Agreements with Food Deficit Countries.............   545
        Title XI--Peace Corps....................................   545
            Section 1103--Limitation on Length of Peace Corps 
              Employment.........................................   545
            Section 1104--Peace Corps National Advisory Council..   545
        Title XII--Miscellaneous Provisions Relating to Foreign 
          Assistance.............................................   545
            Section 1205--Reports on Economic Conditions in 
              Certain Countries..................................   545
            Section 1206--Egyptian-Israeli Relations.............   546
            Section 1210--Report on United States Assistance to 
              Coal Exporting Nations.............................   546
        Title XIII--Miscellaneous Provisions.....................   546
            Section 1301--Effective Date.........................   546
            Section 1302--Codification of Policy Prohibiting 
              Negotiations with the Palestine Liberation 
              Organization.......................................   546
            Section 1303--Commission for the Preservation of 
              America's Heritage Abroad..........................   547
            Section 1304--Federal Coal Export Commission.........   549
    p. International Security and Development Assistance 
      Authorization Act of 1983 (Public Law 98-151) (partial 
      text)......................................................   551
    q. International Security and Development Cooperation Act of 
      1981 (Public Law 97-113) (partial text)....................   555
            Section 1--Short Title...............................   555
        Title I--Military Sales and Related Programs.............   555
            Section 108--Special Defense Acquisition Fund........   555
        Title II--Economic Support Fund..........................   556
            Section 203--Acquisition of Agricultural Commodities 
              and Related Products Under Commodity Import 
              Programs...........................................   556
        Title III--Development Assistance........................   556
            Section 301--Agriculture, Rural Development, and 
              Nutrition..........................................   556
        Title IV--Food for Peace Programs........................   557
            Section 403--Self-Help Measures To Increase 
              Agricultural Production; Verification of Self-Help 
              Provisions.........................................   557
        Title V--Other Assistance Programs.......................   557
            Section 502--International Narcotics Control.........   557
        Title VI--Peace Corps....................................   558
            Section 601--Establishment as an Independent Agency..   558
            Section 604--Restoration of Certain Authorities 
              Formerly Contained in the Foreign Service Act......   558
        Title VII--Miscellaneous Provisions......................   558
            Section 705--Inspector General.......................   558
            Section 708--Emergency Humanitarian Help for the 
              People of Poland...................................   558
            Section 709--Use of Certain Polish Currencies........   559
            Section 710--Findings Regarding Global Security......   559
            Section 711--World Food Security Reserves............   559
            Section 712--Findings and Declaration of Policy 
              Regarding World Hunger.............................   560
            Section 713--Reaffirmation of Support for Human 
              Rights Provisions..................................   560
            Section 714--Immigrant Visas for Taiwan..............   560
            Section 715--Lebanon.................................   560
            Section 716--Use of Chemical and Toxic Weapons.......   561
            Section 717--Financial Obligations to the United 
              Nations............................................   562
            Section 718--Condemnation of Libya for its Support of 
              International Terrorist Movements..................   562
            Section 719--United States Citizens Acting in the 
              Service of International Terrorism.................   563
            Section 720--Nonaligned Countries....................   563
            Section 721--Promoting the Development of the Haitian 
              People and Providing for Orderly Emigration from 
              Haiti..............................................   564
            Section 722--Comprehensive Analysis of Foreign 
              Assistance.........................................   564
            Section 723--External Debt Burdens of Egypt, Israel, 
              and Turkey.........................................   565
            Section 724--Nicaragua...............................   565
            Section 726--Repeal of Limitations on Assistance, 
              Sales and Sales Credits for Chile..................   566
            Section 727--Assistance for El Salvador..............   567
            Section 728--Restrictions on Military Assistance and 
              Sales to El Salvador...............................   568
            Section 729--Reporting Requirement Relating to El 
              Salvador...........................................   570
            Section 730--Restrictions on Aid to El Salvador......   571
            Section 731--El Salvadoran Refugees..................   571
            Section 734--Repeals.................................   571
            Section 735--Report on Nuclear Activities............   571
            Section 737--Prohibitions Relating to Nuclear 
              Transfers and Nuclear Detonations..................   572
    r. International Security and Development Cooperation Act of 
      1980 (Public Law 96-533) (partial text)....................   573
            Section 1--Short Title...............................   573
        Title I--Military and Related Assistance and Sales 
          Programs...............................................   573
            Section 106--Foreign Military Sales Authorization and 
              Aggregate Ceiling..................................   573
            Section 110--Exportation of Uranium Depleted in the 
              Isotope 235........................................   574
            Section 119--Prohibition on Military Assistance to 
              Nicaragua..........................................   575
        Title III--Development Assistance Programs...............   575
            Section 313--Assistance to the Eastern Caribbean.....   575
            Section 314--Assistance for Equatorial Guinea........   575
            Section 315--Caribbean Development Bank..............   575
            Section 316--World Hunger............................   575
            Section 317--Reduction of Postharvest Losses of Food.   576
        Title IV--Other Assistance Programs......................   576
            Section 402--International Narcotics Control.........   576
            Section 408--East Timor..............................   577
        Title V--African Development Foundation..................   577
            Section 501--Short Title.............................   577
            Section 502--Findings................................   577
            Section 503--Establishment...........................   577
            Section 504--Purposes................................   578
            Section 505--Functions...............................   578
            Section 506--Powers..................................   579
            Section 507--Management..............................   580
            Section 508--Government Corporation Control Act......   581
            Section 509--Limitation on Spending Authority........   581
            Section 510--Authorization of Appropriations.........   581
        Title VII--Miscellaneous Provisions......................   582
            Section 710--Interagency Group on Human Rights and 
              Foreign Assistance.................................   582
            Section 711--Peace in the Middle East................   582
            Section 712--Assistance for Jordan...................   583
            Section 715--Cuban Refugees..........................   583
            Section 716--Incarceration and Deportation of Certain 
              Cubans.............................................   584
            Section 717--Prohibition on Assistance to the 
              Governments of Cuba, Vietnam, and Cambodia.........   584
            Section 718--Cooperation of Other Governments in the 
              Boycott of the 1980 Summer Olympic Games in Moscow.   584
            Section 719--Elections in Uganda.....................   584
    s. International Security Assistance Act of 1979 (Public Law 
      96-92) (partial text)......................................   586
            Section 1--Short Title...............................   586
            Section 17--Authorization and Aggregate Ceiling for 
              Foreign Military Sales Credits.....................   586
            Section 23--Transfer of War Reserve Material and 
              Other Property to Taiwan...........................   587
            Section 24--Ammunition Sold to Thailand..............   587
            Section 26--Shaba Airlift............................   587
            Section 27--Fiscal Year 1979 Supplemental 
              Authorization for Turkey...........................   588
    t. International Development Cooperation Act of 1979 (Public 
      Law 96-53) (partial text)..................................   589
            Section 1--Short Title...............................   589
        Title I--Development Assistance..........................   589
            Section 114--International Organizations and Programs   589
            Section 125--Assistance to Latin American and 
              Caribbean Countries................................   590
            Section 126--Increased Contributions for Development 
              Assistance.........................................   590
        Title IV--Institute for Scientific and Technological 
          Cooperation............................................   590
            Section 401--Statement of Policy.....................   590
            Section 402--Purposes and Establishment of the 
              Institute..........................................   591
            Section 403--Functions of the Institute..............   591
            Section 404--General Authorities.....................   592
            Section 405--Director of the Institute...............   593
            Section 406--Deputy Director and Other Statutory 
              Officers...........................................   593
            Section 407--Council on International Scientific and 
              Technological Cooperation..........................   593
            Section 408--Institute Fellowships...................   595
            Section 409--Conflict of Interest....................   596
            Section 410--Authorization of Appropriations.........   596
            Section 412--Conforming Amendments...................   596
            Section 413--Establishment in International 
              Development Cooperation Agency.....................   597
            Section 414--Expiration of Authorities...............   597
        Title V--Miscellaneous Provisions........................   597
            Section 501--Earmarking for Lebanon of Unobligated 
              Balances in the Middle East Special Requirements 
              Fund...............................................   597
            Section 502--Military Assistance to Sudan............   597
            Section 507--Nonproliferation of Nuclear Weapons.....   598
            Section 509--Refugee Crisis in Southeast Asia........   598
            Section 510--Certain Travel Expenses.................   599
            Section 512--Effective Dates.........................   599
    u. International Development and Food Assistance Act of 1978 
      (Public Law 95-424) (partial text).........................   600
            Section 1--Short Title...............................   600
        Title I--Development Assistance..........................   600
            Section 117--International Organizations and Programs   600
            Section 120--Locust Plagues Control in Africa........   601
            Section 122--African Development Foundation..........   601
        Title III--Coordination and Administration of the 
          Development-Related Programs and Policies of the United 
          States.................................................   601
            Section 301--Declaration of Objectives...............   601
            Section 302--Implementation of Objectives............   602
        Title IV--Unified Personnel System.......................   602
            Section 401--Establishment of a Unified Personnel 
              System.............................................   602
        Title VI--Miscellaneous Provisions.......................   603
            Section 601--Reduction of Authorization..............   603
            Section 602--Prohibition of Assistance to Vietnam, 
              Cambodia, and Cuba.................................   603
            Section 603--Reports to Congress on Debt Relief 
              Agreements.........................................   603
            Section 604--Miscellaneous Repeals...................   603
            Section 605--Effective Date..........................   603
    v. International Security Assistance Act of 1978 (Public Law 
      95-384) (partial text).....................................   604
            Section 1--Short Title...............................   604
            Section 13--United States Policy Regarding the 
              Eastern Mediterranean..............................   604
            Section 23--Special Security Assistance Program for 
              the Modernization of the Armed Forces of the 
              Republic of Korea..................................   605
            Section 26--United States-Republic of China Mutual 
              Defense Treaty.....................................   606
            Section 28--Negotiations Between Israel and Egypt....   607
            Section 30--Savings Provision........................   607
    w. International Development and Food Assistance Act of 1977 
      (Public Law 95-88) (partial text)..........................   608
            Section 1--Short Title...............................   608
        Title I--International Development Assistance............   608
            Section 124--Inspector General, Foreign Assistance...   608
            Section 131--Future United States Development 
              Assistance.........................................   609
            Section 132--Limitation on Use of Funds; Missing in 
              Action in Vietnam..................................   609
            Section 133--Plan for Increased Minority Business 
              Participation in Foreign Assistance Activities.....   609
            Section 215--Effective Date..........................   611
    x. International Security Assistance Act of 1977 (Public Law 
      95-92) (partial text)......................................   612
            Section 1--Short Title...............................   612
            Section 9--Security Supporting Assistance Program for 
              Egypt..............................................   612
            Section 21--Fiscal Year Authorizations and 
              Limitations........................................   613
            Section 24--Study of Technology Transfers............   613
            Section 26--Policy Statement on United States Arms 
              Sales to Israel....................................   614
            Section 27--Review of Arms Sales Controls on Non-
              Lethal Items.......................................   614
            Section 28--Republic of Korea........................   614
            Section 29--Piaster Conversion.......................   614
    y. International Security Assistance and Arms Export Control 
      Act of 1976 (Public Law 94-329) (partial text).............   615
            Section 106--International Military Education and 
              Training...........................................   615
            Section 201--Arms Sales Policy.......................   616
            Section 212--Control of Licenses with Respect to Arms 
              Exports and Imports................................   616
            Section 407--Control of Military Forces in the Indian 
              Ocean..............................................   617
            Section 408--United States Citizens Imprisoned in 
              Mexico.............................................   617
            Section 409--Emergency Food Needs of Portugal........   617
            Section 410--Strife in Lebanon.......................   618
            Section 412--Korea...................................   618
            Section 413--Repeal of Indochina Assistance..........   618
            Section 506--Interim Quarter Authorizations..........   619
        Title VI--Miscellaneous Provision........................   619
            Section 601--Expedited Procedure in the Senate.......   619
            Section 602--Procurements from Small Businesses......   621
            Section 605--Use of Personnel........................   621
            Section 607--Extortion and Illegal Payments..........   621
            Section 608--Extension of Airport at Pinecreek, 
              Minnesota..........................................   622
    z. International Development and Food Assistance Act of 1975 
      (Public Law 94-161) (partial text).........................   623
            Section 320--Limitation on Assistance to Chile.......   623
            Section 321--Settlement of Debt Owed the United 
              States.............................................   623
            Section 322--Participation by Other Countries in 
              Providing Assistance to Israel or Egypt............   624
    aa. Foreign Assistance Act of 1974 (Public Law 93-559) 
      (partial text).............................................   625
            Section 28--Famine or Disaster Relief................   626
            Section 47--Gorgas Memorial Institute................   626
            Section 48--International Commission of Control and 
              Supervision in Vietnam.............................   626
            Section 50--Policy on the Independence of Angola, 
              Mozambique, and Guinea-Bissau......................   627
            Section 51--Conventional Arms Trade..................   628
            Section 52--Involvement of Puerto Rico in the 
              Caribbean Development Bank.........................   628
            Section 55--Policy With Respect to Countries Most 
              Seriously Affected by Food Shortages...............   629
            Section 56--Repayment of Loans in Default............   630
    bb. Foreign Assistance Act of 1973 (Public Law 93-189) 
      (partial text).............................................   631
            Section 28--Asian Development Bank...................   631
            Section 30--Termination of Indochina War.............   631
            Section 31--Limitation on Use of Funds...............   631
            Section 32--Political Prisoners......................   632
            Section 33--Albert Schweitzer Hospital...............   632
            Section 34--Prisoners of War and Individuals Missing 
              in Action..........................................   632
            Section 35--Rights in Chile..........................   633
            Section 36--Revision of Social Progress Trust Fund 
              Agreement..........................................   633
            Section 39--World Food Shortages.....................   634
            Section 40--Use of Local Currencies..................   635
    cc. Foreign Assistance Act of 1971 (Public Law 92-226) 
      (partial text).............................................   636
            Section 2--Food for Peace Program....................   636
            Section 403--Position of Under Secretary of State for 
              Coordinating Security Assistance...................   636
            Section 407--Periodic Authorizations for State and 
              USIA...............................................   637
            Section 410--Limitation on United Nations Assessment 
              of United States...................................   637
    dd. Special Foreign Assistance Act of 1971, as amended 
      (Public Law 91-652) (partial text).........................   638
            Section 2--Authorization of Appropriations...........   638
            Section 3--Transfer of Defense Articles to Korea.....   638
            Section 4--Transfer Limitations......................   638
            Section 6--Foreign Currencies Held in Pakistan.......   639
            Section 7--Limitation on Assistance to Cambodia......   639
    ee. Foreign Military Sales Act Amendments, 1971 (Public Law 
      91-672) (partial text).....................................   640
    ff. Foreign Assistance Act of 1969, as amended (Public Law 
      91-175) (partial text).....................................   643
    gg. Foreign Assistance Act of 1968 (Public Law 90-554) 
      (partial text).............................................   644
        Part V--Reappraisal of Foreign Assistance Programs.......   644
    hh. Foreign Assistance Act of 1967 (Public Law 90-137).......   646
    ii. Foreign Assistance Act of 1966 (Public Law 89-583).......   647
    jj. Foreign Assistance Act of 1965 (Public Law 89-171).......   648
    kk. Foreign Assistance Act of 1964 (Public Law 88-633) 
      (partial text).............................................   649
        Part V--Religious Persecution............................   649
    ll. Foreign Assistance Act of 1963 (Public Law 88-205).......   650
    mm. Foreign Assistance Act of 1962 (Public Law 87-565).......   651
2. Foreign Assistance Appropriations.............................   652
    a. Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs 
      Appropriations Act, 2000 (Public Law 106-113) (partial 
      text)......................................................   652
    b. Miscellaneous Appropriations, 2000 (Public Law 106-113) 
      (partial text).............................................   731
    c. Continuing Appropriations, Fiscal Year 2000 (Public Law 
      106-62)....................................................   741
    d. 1999 Emergency Supplemental Appropriations Act (Public Law 
      106-31) (partial text).....................................   746
    e. Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs 
      Appropriations Act, 1999 (Public Law 105-277) (partial 
      text)......................................................   763
    f. Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs 
      Appropriations Act, 1997 (Public Law 104-208) (partial 
      text)......................................................   771
    g. Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs 
      Appropriations Act, 1996 (Public Law 104-107)..............   778
    h. Mexican Debt Disclosure Act of 1995 (Public Law 104-6) 
      (partial text).............................................   780
    i. Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs 
      Supplemental Appropriations Act, 1994 (Public Law 103-306) 
      (partial text).............................................   784
    j. Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs 
      Appropriations Act, 1993 (Public Law 102-391) (partial 
      text)......................................................   786
    k. Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs 
      Appropriations Act, 1991 (Public Law 101-513) (partial 
      text)......................................................   790
    l. Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs 
      Appropriations Act, 1990 (Public Law 101-167) (partial 
      text)......................................................   801
    m. Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs 
      Appropriations Act, 1988 (Public Law 100-202) (partial 
      text)......................................................   815
    n. Foreign Assistance and Related Programs Appropriations 
      Act, 1984 (Deobligation of funds for Syria) (Public Law 98-
      151) (partial text)........................................   820
    o. Title 31, United States Code--Valid Obligations...........   822


          Note.--Volume I is printed in two parts, I-A and I-B, 
        effective 1994. Volume I-B contains legislation and 
        Executive orders relating to other foreign assistance 
        matters, the armed forces, agricultural commodities, 
        and the Peace Corps.


=======================================================================

              1. Foreign Assistance and Arms Export Acts*

           a. The Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, as Amended

Public Law 87-195 [S. 1983], 75 Stat. 424, approved September 4, 1961, 
    as amended by Public Law 87-565 [Foreign Assistance Act of 1962, S. 
    2996], 76 Stat. 255, approved August 1, 1962; Public Law 87-793 
    [Postal Service and Federal Employees Salary Act of 1962, H.R. 
    7927], 76 Stat. 832, approved October 11, 1962; Public Law 88-205 
    [H.R. 7885], 77 Stat. 379, approved December 16, 1963; Public Law 
    88-426 [Government Employees Salary Reform Act of 1964, H.R. 
    11049], 78 Stat. 400, approved August 14, 1964; Public Law 88-448 
    [Dual Compensation Act, H.R. 7381], 78 Stat. 484, approved August 
    19, 1964; Public Law 88-633 [H.R. 11380], 78 Stat. 1009, approved 
    October 7, 1964; Public Law 88-638 [Amendments to Agricultural 
    Trade Development and Assistance Act of 1954, as amended; S. 2687], 
    78 Stat. 1035, approved October 8, 1964; Public Law 89-171 [H.R. 
    7750], 79 Stat. 653, approved September 6, 1965; Public Law 89-371 
    [H.R. 12169], 80 Stat. 74, approved March 18, 1966; Public Law 89-
    583 [H.R. 15750], 80 Stat. 795, approved September 19, 1966; Public 
    Law 90-137 [S. 1872], 81 Stat. 445, approved November 14, 1967; 
    Public Law 90-554 [H.R. 15263], 82 Stat. 960, approved October 8, 
    1968; Public Law 90-629 [Foreign Military Sales Act, H.R. 15681], 
    82 Stat. 1320, approved October 22, 1968; Public Law 91-175 [H.R. 
    14580], 83 Stat. 805, approved December 30, 1969; Public Law 91-652 
    [Special Foreign Assistance Act of 1971, H.R. 19911], 84 Stat. 
    1942, approved January 5, 1971; Public Law 92-226 [S. 2819], 86 
    Stat. 20, approved February 7, 1972; Public Law 92-352 [Foreign 
    Relations Authorization Act of 1972, H.R. 14734], 86 Stat. 489, 
    approved July 13, 1972; Public Law 93-189 [S. 1443], 87 Stat. 714, 
    approved December 17, 1973; Public Law 93-333 [Foreign Disaster 
    Assistance Act of 1974, H.R. 12412], 88 Stat. 290, approved July 8, 
    1974; Public Law 93-390 [Overseas Private Investment Corporation 
    Amendments Act of 1974, S. 2957], 88 Stat. 763, approved August 27, 
    1974; Public Law 93-559 [S. 3394], 88 Stat. 1795, approved December 
    30, 1974; Public Law 94-104 [S. 2230], 89 Stat. 508, approved 
    October 6, 1975; Public Law 94-161 [International Development and 
    Food Assistance Act of 1975, H.R. 9005], 89 Stat. 849, approved 
    December 20, 1975; Public Law 94-273 [Fiscal Year Adjustment Act, 
    S. 2445], 90 Stat. 375, approved April 21, 1976, Public Law 94-276 
    [Guatemala Relief and Rehabilitation Act of 1976, S. 3056], 90 
    Stat. 397, approved April 21, 1976; Public Law 94-329 
    [International Security Assistance and Arms Export Control Act of 
    1976, H.R. 13680], 90 Stat. 729, approved June 30, 1976; Public Law 
    95-21 [Romanian Relief and Rehabilitation, H.R. 5717], 91 Stat. 48, 
    approved April 18, 1977; Public Law 95-23 [Supplemental Military 
    Assistance to Portugal for Fiscal Year 1977, S. 489], 91 Stat. 54, 
    approved April 30, 1977; Public Law 95-88 [International 
    Development and Food Assistance Act of 1977, H.R. 6714], 91 Stat. 
    533, approved August 3, 1977; Public Law 95-92 [International 
    Security Assistance Act of 1977, H.R. 6884], 91 Stat. 614, approved 
    August 4, 1977; Public Law 95-105 [Foreign Relations Authorization 
    Act, Fiscal Year 1978, H.R. 6689], 91 Stat. 844 at 846, approved 
    August 17, 1977; Public Law 95-268 [OPIC Amendments Act of 1978, 
    H.R. 9179], 92 Stat. 213, approved April 24, 1978; Public Law 95-
    384 [International Security Assistance Act of 1978, S. 3075], 92 
    Stat. 730, approved September 26, 1978; Public Law 95-424 
    [International Development and Food Assistance Act of 1978, H.R. 
    12222], 92 Stat. 937, approved October 6, 1978; Public Law 96-35 
    [Special International Security Assistance Act of 1979, S. 1007], 
    93 Stat. 89, approved July 20, 1979; Public Law 96-53 
    [International Development Cooperation Act of 1979, H.R. 3324], 93 
    Stat. 359, approved August 14, 1979; Public Law 96-92 
    [International Security Assistance Act of 1979, H.R. 3173], 93 
    Stat. 701, approved October 29, 1979; Public Law 96-109 [Caribbean 
    Hurricane Relief Assistance Authorization, H.R. 5218], 93 Stat. 
    842, approved November 9, 1979; Public Law 96-110 [Cambodian 
    Disaster Relief Assistance Authorization, H.R. 4995], 93 Stat. 843, 
    approved November 13, 1979; Public Law 96-257 [Special Central 
    American Assistance Act of 1979], 94 Stat. 422, approved May 31, 
    1980; Public Law 96-327 [S. 1916], 94 Stat. 1026, approved August 
    8, 1980; Public Law 96-450 [Intelligence Authorization Act for 
    Fiscal Year 1981, S. 2597], 94 Stat. 1975 at 1981, approved October 
    14, 1980; Public Law 96-465 [Foreign Service Act of 1980, H.R. 
    6790], 94 Stat. 2071 at 2158; Public Law 96-525 [H.R. 8388], 94 
    Stat. 3043, approved December 12, 1980; Public Law 96-533 
    [International Security and Development Cooperation Act of 1980, 
    H.R. 6942], 94 Stat. 3131, approved December 16, 1980; Public Law 
    97-65 [OPIC Amendments Act of 1981, H.R. 3136], 95 Stat. 1021, 
    approved October 16, 1981; Public Law 97-113 [International 
    Security and Development Cooperation Act of 1981, S. 1196], 95 
    Stat. 1519, approved December 29, 1981; Public Law 97-164 [Federal 
    Courts Improvement Act, H.R. 4482], 96 Stat. 25 at 48, approved 
    April 2, 1982; Public Law 97-208 [Humanitarian Assistance for the 
    People of Lebanon, H.R. 6631], 96 Stat. 138, approved June 30, 
    1982; Public Law 97-377 [Further Continuing Appropriations Act, 
    1983; H.J. Res. 631], 96 Stat. 1830 at 1831, approved December 21, 
    1982; Public Law 97-438 [H.R. 7143], 96 Stat. 2286, approved 
    January 8, 1983; Public Law 98-151 [Further Continuing 
    Appropriations, 1984; H.J. Res. 413], 97 Stat. 964, approved 
    November 14, 1983; Public Law 98-164 [Department of State 
    Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 1984 and 1985; H.R. 2915], 97 Stat. 
    1017, approved November 22, 1983; Public Law 98-473 [Continuing 
    Appropriations, 1985; H.J. Res. 648], 98 Stat. 1837 at 1884, 
    approved October 12, 1984; Public Law 99-8 [African Famine Relief 
    and Recovery Act of 1985, S. 689], 99 Stat. 21, approved April 2, 
    1985; Public Law 99-64 [Export Administration Amendments Act of 
    1985, S. 883], 99 Stat. 156, approved July 12, 1985, Public Law 99-
    83 [International Security and Development Cooperation Act of 1985, 
    S. 960], 99 Stat. 190, approved August 8, 1985; Public Law 99-93 
    [Foreign Relations Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 1986 and 1987; 
    H.R. 2068], 99 Stat. 405 at 442, approved August 16, 1985; Public 
    Law 99-204 [Overseas Private Investment Corporation Amendments Act 
    of 1985, S. 947], 99 Stat. 1669 approved December 23, 1985; Public 
    Law 99-399 [Omnibus Diplomatic Security and Antiterrorism Act of 
    1986, H.R. 4151], 100 Stat. 853, approved August 27, 1986; Public 
    Law 99-440 [Comprehensive Anti-Apartheid Act of 1986, H.R. 4868], 
    100 Stat. 1086, approved October 2, 1986; Public Law 99-529 
    [Special Foreign Assistance Act of 1986, S. 1917], 100 Stat. 3010, 
    approved October 24, 1986; Public Law 99-570 [Anti-Drug Abuse Act 
    of 1986, H.R. 5484], 100 Stat. 3207, approved October 27, 1986; 
    Public Law 99-661 [National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal 
    Year 1987, S. 2368], 100 Stat. 3816, approved November 14, 1986; 
    Public Law 100-202 [Continuing Appropriations Act, 1988; H.J. Res. 
    395], 101 Stat. 1329, approved December 22, 1987; Public Law 100-
    204 [Foreign Relations Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 1988 and 
    1989; H.R. 1777], 101 Stat. 1331, approved December 22, 1987; 
    Public Law 100-418 [Omnibus Trade and Competitiveness Act of 1988; 
    H.R. 4848], 102 Stat. 1107, approved August 23, 1988; Public Law 
    100-461 [Foreign Operations, Export Financing and Related Programs 
    Appropriations Act, 1989; H.R. 4637], 102 Stat. 2268, approved 
    October 1, 1988; Public Law 100-690 [International Narcotics 
    Control Act of 1988; H.R. 5210], 102 Stat. 4181, approved November 
    18, 1988; Public Law 101-165 [Department of Defense Appropriations 
    Act, 1990; H.R. 3072], 103 Stat. 1112, approved November 21, 1989; 
    Public Law 101-167 [Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and 
    Related Programs Appropriations Act, 1990; H.R. 3743], 103 Stat. 
    1195, approved November 21, 1989; Public Law 101-179 [Support for 
    East European Democracy (SEED) Act of 1989, H.R. 3402], 103 Stat. 
    1298, approved November 28, 1989; Public Law 101-189 [National 
    Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Years 1990 and 1991, H.R. 
    2461], 103 Stat. 1352, approved November 29, 1989; Public Law 101-
    218 [Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Technology 
    Competitiveness Act of 1989, S. 488], 103 Stat. 1868, approved 
    December 11, 1989; Public Law 101-222 [Anti-Terrorism and Arms 
    Export Amendments Act of 1989, H.R. 91], 103 Stat. 1892, approved 
    December 12, 1989; Public Law 101-231 [International Narcotics 
    Control Act of 1989, H.R. 3611], 103 Stat. 1954, approved December 
    13, 1989; Public Law 101-240 [International Development and Finance 
    Act of 1989, H.R. 2494], 103 Stat. 2492, approved December 19, 
    1989; Public Law 101-302 [Dire Emergency Supplemental Appropriation 
    for Disaster Assistance, Food Stamps, Unemployment Compensation 
    Administration, and Other Urgent Needs, and Transfers, and Reducing 
    Funds Budgeted for Military Spending Act of 1990; H.R. 4404], 104 
    Stat. 213, approved May 25, 1990; Public Law 101-510 [National 
    Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1991, H.R. 4739], 104 
    Stat. 1485, approved November 5, 1990; Public Law 101-513 [Foreign 
    Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs Appropriations 
    Act, 1991; H.R. 5114], 104 Stat. 1979, approved November 5, 1990; 
    Public Law 101-604 [Aviation Security Improvement Act of 1990, H.R. 
    5732], 104 Stat. 3066, approved November 16, 1990; Public Law 101-
    623 [International Narcotics Control Act of 1990, H.R. 5567], 104 
    Stat. 3350, approved November 21, 1990; Public Law 102-88 
    [Intelligence Authorization Act, Fiscal Year 1991; H.R. 1455], 105 
    Stat. 429, approved August 14, 1991; Public Law 102-190 [National 
    Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Years 1992 and 1993; H.R. 
    2100], 105 Stat. 1290, approved December 5, 1991; H.R. 2621 as 
    passed by the House on June 19, 1991 [parts of which were enacted 
    by reference in Public Law 102-145, as amended by Public Law 102-
    266, 106 Stat. 92, approved April 1, 1992]; Public Law 102-391 
    [Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs 
    Appropriations Act, 1993; H.R. 5368], 106 Stat. 1633, approved 
    October 6, 1992; Public Law 102-484 [National Defense Authorization 
    Act for Fiscal Year 1993; H.R. 5006], 106 Stat. 2315, approved 
    October 23, 1992; Public Law 102-511 [FREEDOM Support Act; S. 
    2532], 106 Stat. 3320, approved October 24, 1992; Public Law 102-
    549 [Jobs Through Exports Act of 1992; H.R. 4996], 106 Stat. 3651, 
    approved October 28, 1992; Public Law 102-550 [Housing and 
    Community Development Act of 1992; H.R. 5334], 106 Stat. 3672, 
    approved October 28, 1992; Public Law 102-572 [Federal Courts 
    Administration Act of 1992; S. 1569], 106 Stat. 4506, approved 
    October 29, 1992; Public Law 102-583 [International Narcotics 
    Control Act of 1992; H.R. 6187], 106 Stat. 4914, approved November 
    2, 1992; Public Law 103-87 [Foreign Operations, Export Financing, 
    and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 1994; H.R. 2295], 107 
    Stat. 931, approved September 30, 1993; Public Law 103-149 [South 
    African Democratic Transition Support Act of 1993; H.R. 3225], 107 
    Stat. 1503, approved November 23, 1993; Public Law 103-160 
    [National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1994; H.R. 
    2401], 107 Stat. 1547, approved November 30, 1993; Public Law 103-
    199 [FRIENDSHIP Act; H.R. 3000], 107 Stat. 2317, approved December 
    17, 1993; Public Law 103-236 [Foreign Relations Authorization Act, 
    Fiscal Years 1994 and 1995; H.R. 2333], 108 Stat. 382, approved 
    April 30, 1994; Public Law 103-306 [Foreign Operations, Export 
    Financing, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 1995; H.R. 
    4426], 108 Stat. 1608, approved August 23, 1994; Public Law 103-392 
    [Jobs Through Trade Expansion Act of 1994; H.R. 4950], 108 Stat. 
    4098, approved October 22, 1994; Public Law 103-437 [United States 
    Code Technical Amendments; H.R. 4777], 108 Stat. 4581, approved 
    November 2, 1994; Public Law 103-447 [International Narcotics 
    Control Corrections Act of 1994; H.R. 5246], 108 Stat. 4691, 
    approved November 2, 1994; Public Law 104-66 [Federal Reports 
    Elimination and Sunset Act of 1995; S. 790], 109 Stat. 707, 
    approved December 21, 1995; Public Law 104-99 [Foreign Operations, 
    Export Financing, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 1996; 
    H.R. 1868], enacted by reference in section 301 of H.R. 2880, 110 
    Stat. 26, approved January 26, 1996, enacted again as Public Law 
    104-107 [H.R. 1868], 110 Stat. 704, approved February 12, 1996; 
    Public Law 104-106 [National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal 
    Year 1996; S. 1124], 110 Stat. 186, approved February 10, 1996; 
    Public Law 104-114 [Cuban Liberty and Democratic Solidarity 
    (LIBERTAD) Act of 1996; H.R. 927], 110 Stat. 785, approved March 
    12, 1996; Public Law 104-132 [Antiterrorism and Effective Death 
    Penalty Act of 1996; S. 735], 110 Stat. 1214, approved April 24, 
    1996; Public Law 104-164 [H.R. 3121], 110 Stat. 1421, approved July 
    21, 1996; Public Law 104-188 [Small Business Job Protection Act of 
    1996; H.R. 3448], 110 Stat. 1755, approved August 20, 1996; Public 
    Law 104-208 [Omnibus Consolidated Appropriations Act, 1997; H.R. 
    3610], 110 Stat. 3009, approved September 30, 1996; Public Law 104-
    319 [Human Rights, Refugee, and Other Foreign Relations Provisions 
    Act of 1996; H.R. 4036], 110 Stat. 3864, approved October 19, 1996; 
    Public Law 105-118 [Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and 
    Related Programs Appropriations Act, 1998; H.R. 2159], 111 Stat. 
    2386, approved November 26, 1997; Public Law 105-214 [Tropical 
    Forest Conservation Act of 1998; H.R. 2870], 112 Stat. 885, 
    approved July 29, 1998; Public Law 105-277 [Foreign Operations, 
    Export Financing, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 1999; 
    Foreign Affairs Reform and Restructuring Act of 1998; and Foreign 
    Relations Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 1998 and 1999; H.R. 
    4328], 112 Stat. 2681, approved October 21, 1998; Public Law 105-
    292 [International Religious Freedom Act of 1998; H.R. 2431], 112 
    Stat. 2787, approved October 27, 1998; Public Law 105-320 [Torture 
    Victims Relief Act of 1998; H.R. 4309], 112 Stat. 3016, approved 
    October 30, 1998; Public Law 105-362 [Federal Reports Elimination 
    Act of 1998; S. 1364], 112 Stat. 3280, approved November 10, 1998; 
    Public Law 106-31 [1999 Emergency Supplemental Appropriations Act; 
    H.R. 1141], 113 Stat. 57, approved May 21, 1999; Public Law 106-87 
    [Torture Victims Relief Reauthorization Act of 1999; H.R. 2367], 
    113 Stat. 1301, approved November 3, 1999; Public Law 106-113 [Silk 
    Road Strategy Act of 1999; Foreign Operations, Export Financing, 
    and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 2000; H.R. 3324 enacted by 
    reference in sec. 1000(a)(2) of Consolidated Appropriations Act for 
    Fiscal Year 2000; H.R. 3194], 113 Stat. 1501, approved November 29, 
    1999; Public Law 106-113 [Admiral James W. Nance and Meg Donovan 
    Foreign Relations Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 2000 and 2001; 
    H.R. 3427 enacted by reference in sec. 1000(a)(7) of Consolidated 
    Appropriations Act for Fiscal Year 2000; H.R. 3194], 113 Stat. 
    1501, approved November 29, 1999; Public Law 106-113 [Arms Control, 
    Nonproliferation, and Security Assistance Act of 1999; division B 
    of H.R. 3427, enacted by reference in sec. 1000(a)(7) of 
    Consolidated Appropriations Act for Fiscal Year 2000; H.R. 3194], 
    113 Stat. 1501, approved November 29, 1999; and by Public Law 106-
    158 [Export Enhancement Act of 1999; H.R. 3381], 113 Stat. 1745, 
    approved December 9, 1999
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    * Note.--The Foreign Assistance Act will be referred to as the FA 
Act and ``this Act.''
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

AN ACT To promote the foreign policy, security, and general welfare of 
 the United States by assisting peoples of the world in their efforts 
toward economic development and internal and external security, and for 
                            other purposes.

    Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of 
the United States of America in Congress assembled, That this 
Act may be cited as ``The Foreign Assistance Act of 1961.'' \1\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \1\ The short title was added by sec. 111 of the FA Appropriation 
Act, 1962.
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                                 PART I

      Chapter 1--Policy; Development Assistance Authorizations \2\

    Sec. 101.\3\ General Policy.--(a) The Congress finds that 
fundamental political, economic, and technological changes have 
resulted in the interdependence of nations. The Congress 
declares that the individual liberties, economic prosperity, 
and security of the people of the United States are best 
sustained and enhanced in a community of nations which respect 
individual civil and economic rights and freedoms and which 
work together to use wisely the world's limited resources in an 
open and equitable international economic system. Furthermore, 
the Congress reaffirms the traditional humanitarian ideals of 
the American people and renews its commitment to assist people 
in developing countries to eliminate hunger, poverty, illness, 
and ignorance.
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    \2\ Sec. 101(a) of the FA Act of 1963 struck out the words ``Short 
Title and'' in the chapter heading, which formerly read ``Short Title 
and Policy''. Sec. 2(1) of the FA Act of 1973 added the following words 
to the chapter heading: ``Development Assistance Authorizations''.
    \3\ 22 U.S.C. 2151. Sec. 101 was added by sec. 101 of the 
International Development and Food Assistance Act of 1978 (92 Stat. 
937). Previously, sec. 101 had related to the short title before being 
repealed by the FA Act of 1963. This general policy statement was 
formerly contained in sec. 102 before 1978.
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    Therefore, the Congress declares that a principal objective 
of the foreign policy of the United States is the encouragement 
and sustained support of the people of developing countries in 
their efforts to acquire the knowledge and resources essential 
to development and to build the economic, political, and social 
institutions which will improve the quality of their lives.
    United States development cooperation policy should 
emphasize four principal goals:
          (1) the alleviation of the worst physical 
        manifestations of poverty among the world's poor 
        majority;
          (2) the promotion of conditions enabling developing 
        countries to achieve self-sustaining economic growth 
        with equitable distribution of benefits;
          (3) the encouragement of development processes in 
        which individual civil and economic rights are 
        respected and enhanced; and
          (4) the integration of the developing countries into 
        an open and equitable international economic system.
    The Congress declares that pursuit of these goals requires 
that development concerns be fully reflected in United States 
foreign policy and that United States development resources be 
effectively and efficiently utilized.
    (b) Under the policy guidance of the Secretary of State, 
the agency primarily responsible for administering this part 
should have the responsibility for coordinating all United 
States development-related activities.\4\
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    \4\ The responsibilities of the Agency mentioned in this subsection 
were transferred to the Director of IDCA, pursuant to sec. 6 of 
Reorganization Plan No. 2 of 1979 (establishing IDCA). The 
responsibilities of the Secretary of State, insofar as they relate to 
policy guidance other than foreign policy guidance, were also 
transferred to the Director. The Reorganization Plan No. 2 of 1979 
ceased to be effective with enactment of the Foreign Affairs Reform and 
Restructuring Act of 1998, pursuant to sec. 1422(a)(1) (division G of 
Public Law 105-277; 112 Stat. 2681).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    Sec. 102.\5\ Development Assistance Policy.--(a) The 
Congress finds that the efforts of developing countries to 
build and maintain the social and economic institutions 
necessary to achieve self-sustaining growth and to provide 
opportunities to improve the quality of life for their people 
depend primarily upon successfully marshalling their own 
economic and human resources. The Congress recognizes that the 
magnitude of these efforts exceeds the resources of developing 
countries and therefore accepts that there will be a long-term 
need for wealthy countries to contribute additional resources 
for development purposes. The United States should take the 
lead in concert with other nations to mobilize such resources 
from public and private sources.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \5\ 22 U.S.C. 2151-1. Sec. 101 of the International Development and 
Food Assistance Act of 1978 (92 Stat. 927) struck out sec. 102, which 
concerned a statement of policy, and added a new sec. 102.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    Provision of development resources must be adapted to the 
needs and capabilities of specific developing countries. United 
States assistance to countries with low per capita incomes 
which have limited access to private external resources should 
primarily be provided on concessional terms. Assistance to 
other developing countries should generally consist of programs 
which facilitate their access to private capital markets, 
investment, and technical skills, whether directly through 
guarantee or reimbursable programs by the United States 
Government or indirectly through callable capital provided to 
the international financial institutions.
    Bilateral assistance and United States participation in 
multilateral institutions shall emphasize programs in support 
of countries which pursue development strategies designed to 
meet basic human needs and achieve self-sustaining growth with 
equity.
    The Congress declares that the principal purpose of United 
States bilateral development assistance is to help the poor 
majority of people in developing countries to participate in a 
process of equitable growth through productive work and to 
influence decisions that shape their lives, with the goal of 
increasing their incomes and their access to public services 
which will enable them to satisfy their basic needs and lead 
lives of decency, dignity, and hope. Activities shall be 
emphasized that effectively involve the poor in development by 
expanding their access to the economy through services and 
institutions at the local level, increasing their participation 
in the making of decisions that affect their lives, increasing 
labor-intensive production and the use of appropriate 
technology, expanding productive investment and services out 
from major cities to small towns and rural areas, and otherwise 
providing opportunities for the poor to improve their lives 
through their own efforts. Participation of the United States 
in multilateral institutions shall also place appropriate 
emphasis on these principles.
    (b) Assistance under this chapter should be used not only 
for the purpose of transferring financial resources to 
developing countries, but also to help countries solve 
development problems in accordance with a strategy that aims to 
insure wide participation of the poor in the benefits of 
development on a sustained basis. Moreover, assistance shall be 
provided in a prompt and effective manner, using appropriate 
United States institutions for carrying out this strategy. In 
order to achieve these objectives and the broad objectives set 
forth in section 101 and in subsection (a) of this section, 
bilateral development assistance authorized by this Act shall 
be carried out in accordance with the following principles:
          (1) Development is primarily the responsibility of 
        the people of the developing countries themselves. 
        Assistance from the United States shall be used in 
        support of, rather than substitution for, the self-help 
        efforts that are essential to successful development 
        programs and shall be concentrated in those countries 
        that take positive steps to help themselves. Maximum 
        effort shall be made, in the administration of this 
        part, to stimulate the involvement of the people in the 
        development process through the encouragement of 
        democratic participation in private and local 
        governmental activities and institution building 
        appropriate to the requirements of the recipient 
        countries.
          (2) Development planning must be the responsibility 
        of each sovereign country. United States assistance 
        should be administered in a collaborative style to 
        support the development goals chosen by each country 
        receiving assistance.
          (3) United States bilateral development assistance 
        should give high priority to undertakings submitted by 
        host governments which directly improve the lives of 
        the poorest of their people and their capacity to 
        participate in the development of their countries, 
        while also helping such governments enhance their 
        planning, technical, and administrative capabilities 
        needed to insure the success of such undertakings.
          (4) Development assistance provided under this 
        chapter shall be concentrated in countries which will 
        make the most effective use of such assistance to help 
        satisfy basic human needs of poor people through 
        equitable growth, especially in those countries having 
        the greatest need for outside assistance. In order to 
        make possible consistent and informed judgments in this 
        respect, the President shall assess the commitment and 
        progress of countries in moving toward the objectives 
        and purposes of this chapter by utilizing criteria, 
        including but not limited to the following:
                  (A) increase in agricultural productivity per 
                unit of land through small- farm, labor-
                intensive agriculture;
                  (B) reduction of infant mortality;
                  (C) control of population growth;
                  (D) promotion of greater equality of income 
                distribution, including measures such as more 
                progressive taxation and more equitable returns 
                to small farmers;
                  (E) reduction of rates of unemployment and 
                underemployment; and
                  (F) increase in literacy.
          (5) United States development assistance should focus 
        on critical problems in those functional sectors which 
        affect the lives of the majority of the people in the 
        developing countries; food production and nutrition; 
        rural development and generation of gainful employment; 
        population planning and health; environment and natural 
        resources; education, development administration, and 
        human resources development; and energy development and 
        production.\6\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \6\ The reference to energy development and production was added by 
sec. 104(a) of the International Development Cooperation Act of 1979 
(Public Law 96-53; 93 Stat. 360).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
          (6) United States assistance shall encourage and 
        promote the participation of women in the national 
        economies of developing countries and the improvement 
        of women's status as an important means of promoting 
        the total development effort.
          (7) United States bilateral assistance shall 
        recognize that the prosperity of developing countries 
        and effective development efforts require the adoption 
        of an overall strategy that promotes the development, 
        production,\6\ and efficient utilization of energy and, 
        therefore, consideration shall be given to the full 
        implications of such assistance on the price, 
        availability, and consumption of energy in recipient 
        countries.
          (8) United States cooperation in development should 
        be carried out to the maximum extent possible through 
        the private sector, including those institutions which 
        already have ties in the developing areas, such as 
        educational institutions, cooperatives, credit unions, 
        free labor unions, and private and voluntary agencies.
          (9) To the maximum extent practicable, United States 
        private investment should be encouraged in economic and 
        social development programs to which the United States 
        lends support.
          (10) Assistance shall be planned and utilized to 
        encourage regional cooperation by developing countries 
        in the solution of common problems and the development 
        of shared resources.
          (11) Assistance efforts of the United States shall be 
        planned and furnished to the maximum extent practicable 
        in coordination and cooperation with assistance efforts 
        of other countries, including the planning and 
        implementation of programs and projects on a 
        multilateral and multidonor basis.
          (12) United States bilateral development assistance 
        should be concentrated on projects which do not involve 
        large-scale capital transfers. However, to the extent 
        that such assistance does involve large-scale capital 
        transfers, it should be furnished in association with 
        contributions from other countries working together in 
        a multilateral framework.
          (13) \7\ United States encouragement of policy 
        reforms is necessary if developing countries are to 
        achieve economic growth with equity.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \7\ Paragraphs (13), (14), (15), and (16) were added by sec. 301 of 
the International Security and Development Cooperation Act of 1985 
(Public Law 99-83; 99 Stat. 190).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
          (14) \7\ Development assistance should, as a 
        fundamental objective, promote private sector activity 
        in open and competitive markets in developing 
        countries, recognizing such activity to be a productive 
        and efficient means of achieving equitable and long-
        term economic growth.
          (15) \7\ United States cooperation in development 
        should recognize as essential the need of developing 
        countries to have access to appropriate technology in 
        order to improve food and water, health and housing, 
        education and employment, and agriculture and industry.
          (16) \7\ United States assistance should focus on 
        establishing and upgrading the institutional capacities 
        of developing countries in order to promote long-term 
        development. An important component of institution 
        building involves training to expand the human resource 
        potential of people in developing countries.
    (c) The Congress, recognizing the desirability of 
overcoming the worst aspects of absolute poverty by the end of 
this century by, among other measures, substantially lowering 
infant mortality and birth rates, and increasing life 
expectancy, food production, literacy, and employment, 
encourages the President to explore with other countries, 
through all appropriate channels, the feasibility of a 
worldwide cooperative effort to overcome the worst aspects of 
absolute poverty and to assure self-reliant growth in the 
developing countries by the year 2000.
=======================================================================

          Note.--Foreign assistance appropriations for fiscal 
        year 2000 are included in the Foreign Operations, 
        Export Financing, and Related Programs Appropriations 
        Act, 2000 (H.R. 3422, as introduced on November 17, 
        1999, enacted by reference in sec. 1000(a)(2) of Public 
        Law 106-113; 113 Stat. 1535). Amounts appropriated by 
        that Act to carry out the purposes of provisions 
        contained in the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, during 
        fiscal year 2000 unless otherwise specified, are 
        included in footnotes.
=======================================================================

=======================================================================


          Note.--Prior to fiscal year 1992, Congress 
        appropriated funds for each of the Development 
        Assistance functional accounts authorized in sections 
        103 through 106 of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961. 
        For fiscal year 1992 through fiscal year 1995, however, 
        Congress made appropriations in one lump sum for all 
        programs within sections 103 through 106, with the 
        exception of ``Population, Development Assistance''. In 
        fiscal year 1996, Congress made appropriations in one 
        lump sum for Development Assistance. Since fiscal year 
        1997, Congress has made appropriations to two 
        development accounts: ``Development Assistance'' and 
        ``Child Survival and Disease Programs Fund''.
          For fiscal year 2000, to remain available until 
        September 30, 2001, for the provisions of sections 103 
        through 106 and chapter 10 of part I of the Foreign 
        Assistance Act of 1961 (Development Assistance and 
        Development Fund for Africa), title V of the 
        International Security and Development Cooperation Act 
        of 1980 (African Development Foundation), and section 
        401 of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1969 (Inter-
        American Foundation), Congress appropriated 
        $1,228,000,000. Congress also appropriated $715,000,000 
        in fiscal year 2000, to remain available until 
        expended, for child survival, basic education for 
        children, and to combat tropical and other diseases, 
        and related activities.
          Sec. 301 of the Miscellaneous Appropriations Act 
        (H.R. 3425 enacted by reference in sec. 1000(a)(5) of 
        Public Law 106-113; 113 Stat. 1535)), however, 
        rescinded total discretionary budget authority provided 
        to an agency, or obligation limit imposed, by an amount 
        of 0.38 percent for fiscal year 2000. Sec. 301(b) of 
        that Act placed the following restrictions on such 
        rescissions: ``(1) no program, project, or activity of 
        any department, agency, instrumentality, or entity may 
        be reduced by more than 15 percent (with `programs, 
        projects, and activities' as delineated in the 
        appropriations Act or accompanying report for the 
        relevant account, or for accounts and items not 
        included in appropriations Acts, as delineated in the 
        most recently submitted President's budget), (2) no 
        reduction shall be taken from any military personnel 
        account, and (3) the reduction for the Department of 
        Defense and Department of Energy Defense Activities 
        shall be applied proportionately to all Defense 
        accounts.''.

=======================================================================

=======================================================================


          Note.--The Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and 
        Related Programs Appropriations Act, 2000 (H.R. 3422, 
        as introduced on November 17, 1999, enacted by 
        reference in sec. 1000(a)(2) of Public Law 106-113; 113 
        Stat. 1535), provided the following:

            ``obligations during last month of availability

          ``Sec. 501. Except for the appropriations entitled 
        `International Disaster Assistance', and `United States 
        Emergency Refugee and Migration Assistance Fund', not 
        more than 15 percent of any appropriation item made 
        available by this Act shall be obligated during the 
        last month of availability.''.

=======================================================================


=======================================================================


          Note.--Transfers Between Accounts. The Foreign 
        Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs 
        Appropriations Act, 2000 (H.R. 3422, as introduced on 
        November 17, 1999, enacted by reference in sec. 
        1000(a)(2) of Public Law 106-113; 113 Stat. 1535), 
        provided the following:

                      ``transfers between accounts

          ``Sec. 509. None of the funds made available by this 
        Act may be obligated under an appropriation account to 
        which they were not appropriated, except for transfers 
        specifically provided for in this Act, unless the 
        President, prior to the exercise of any authority 
        contained in the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 to 
        transfer funds, consults with and provides a written 
        policy justification to the Committees on 
        Appropriations of the House of Representatives and the 
        Senate.''.

=======================================================================

=======================================================================


          Note.--Deobligation/Reobligation Authority. The 
        Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related 
        Programs Appropriations Act, 2000 (H.R. 3422, as 
        introduced on November 17, 1999, enacted by reference 
        in sec. 1000(a)(2) of Public Law 106-113; 113 Stat. 
        1535), provided the following:

                 ``Deobligation/Reobligation Authority

          ``Sec. 510. (a) Amounts certified pursuant to section 
        1311 of the Supplemental Appropriations Act, 1955, as 
        having been obligated against appropriations heretofore 
        made under the authority of the Foreign Assistance Act 
        of 1961 for the same general purpose as any of the 
        headings under title II of this Act are, if 
        deobligated, hereby continued available for the same 
        period as the respective appropriations under such 
        headings or until September 30, 2000, whichever is 
        later, and for the same general purpose, and for 
        countries within the same region as originally 
        obligated: Provided, That the Appropriations Committees 
        of both Houses of the Congress are notified 15 days in 
        advance of the reobligation of such funds in accordance 
        with regular notification procedures of the Committees 
        on Appropriations.
          ``(b) Obligated balances of funds appropriated to 
        carry out section 23 of the Arms Export Control Act as 
        of the end of the fiscal year immediately preceding the 
        current fiscal year are, if deobligated, hereby 
        continued available during the current fiscal year for 
        the same purpose under any authority applicable to such 
        appropriations under this Act: Provided, That the 
        authority of this subsection may not be used in fiscal 
        year 2000.''.

=======================================================================

=======================================================================


          Note.--Availability of Funds. The Foreign Operations, 
        Export Financing, and Related Programs Appropriations 
        Act, 2000 (H.R. 3422, as introduced on November 17, 
        1999, enacted by reference in sec. 1000(a)(2) of Public 
        Law 106-113; 113 Stat. 1535), provided the following:

                        ``Availability of Funds

          ``Sec. 511. No part of any appropriation contained in 
        this Act shall remain available for obligation after 
        the expiration of the current fiscal year unless 
        expressly so provided in this Act: Provided, That funds 
        appropriated for the purposes of chapters 1, 8, and 11 
        of part I, section 667, and chapter 4 of part II of the 
        Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, as amended, and funds 
        provided under the heading `Assistance for Eastern 
        Europe and the Baltic States', shall remain available 
        until expended if such funds are initially obligated 
        before the expiration of their respective periods of 
        availability contained in this Act: Provided further, 
        That, notwithstanding any other provision of this Act, 
        any funds made available for the purposes of chapter 1 
        of part I and chapter 4 of part II of the Foreign 
        Assistance Act of 1961 which are allocated or obligated 
        for cash disbursements in order to address balance of 
        payments or economic policy reform objectives, shall 
        remain available until expended: Provided further, That 
        the report required by section 653(a) of the Foreign 
        Assistance Act of 1961 shall designate for each 
        country, to the extent known at the time of submission 
        of such report, those funds allocated for cash 
        disbursement for balance of payment and economic policy 
        reform purposes.''.

=======================================================================

=======================================================================


          Note.--Notification Requirements. The Foreign 
        Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs 
        Appropriations Act, 2000 (H.R. 3422, as introduced on 
        November 17, 1999, enacted by reference in sec. 
        1000(a)(2) of Public Law 106-113; 113 Stat. 1535), 
        provided the following:

                      ``notification requirements

          ``Sec. 515. (a) For the purposes of providing the 
        executive branch with the necessary administrative 
        flexibility, none of the funds made available under 
        this Act for `Child Survival and Disease Programs 
        Fund', `Development Assistance', `International 
        Organizations and Programs', `Trade and Development 
        Agency', `International Narcotics Control and Law 
        Enforcement', `Assistance for Eastern Europe and the 
        Baltic States', `Assistance for the Independent States 
        of the Former Soviet Union', `Economic Support Fund', 
        `Peacekeeping Operations', `Operating Expenses of the 
        Agency for International Development', `Operating 
        Expenses of the Agency for International Development 
        Office of Inspector General', `Nonproliferation, Anti-
        terrorism, Demining and Related Programs', `Foreign 
        Military Financing Program', `International Military 
        Education and Training', `Peace Corps', and `Migration 
        and Refugee Assistance', shall be available for 
        obligation for activities, programs, projects, type of 
        materiel assistance, countries, or other operations not 
        justified or in excess of the amount justified to the 
        Appropriations Committees for obligation under any of 
        these specific headings unless the Appropriations 
        Committees of both Houses of Congress are previously 
        notified 15 days in advance: Provided, That the 
        President shall not enter into any commitment of funds 
        appropriated for the purposes of section 23 of the Arms 
        Export Control Act for the provision of major defense 
        equipment, other than conventional ammunition, or other 
        major defense items defined to be aircraft, ships, 
        missiles, or combat vehicles, not previously justified 
        to Congress or 20 percent in excess of the quantities 
        justified to Congress unless the Committees on 
        Appropriations are notified 15 days in advance of such 
        commitment: Provided further, That this section shall 
        not apply to any reprogramming for an activity, 
        program, or project under chapter 1 of part I of the 
        Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 of less than 10 percent 
        of the amount previously justified to the Congress for 
        obligation for such activity, program, or project for 
        the current fiscal year: Provided further, That the 
        requirements of this section or any similar provision 
        of this Act or any other Act, including any prior Act 
        requiring notification in accordance with the regular 
        notification procedures of the Committees on 
        Appropriations, may be waived if failure to do so would 
        pose a substantial risk to human health or welfare: 
        Provided further, That in case of any such waiver, 
        notification to the Congress, or the appropriate 
        congressional committees, shall be provided as early as 
        practicable, but in no event later than 3 days after 
        taking the action to which such notification 
        requirement was applicable, in the context of the 
        circumstances necessitating such waiver: Provided 
        further, That any notification provided pursuant to 
        such a waiver shall contain an explanation of the 
        emergency circumstances.
          ``(b) Drawdowns made pursuant to section 506(a)(2) of 
        the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 shall be subject to 
        the regular notification procedures of the Committees 
        on Appropriations.''.

=======================================================================


=======================================================================

          Note.--The Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and 
        Related Programs Appropriations Act, 2000 (H.R. 3422, 
        as introduced on November 17, 1999, enacted by 
        reference in sec. 1000(a)(2) of Public Law 106-113; 113 
        Stat. 1535), provided the following:

                         ``special authorities

          ``Sec. 538. (a) Funds appropriated in titles I and II 
        of this Act that are made available for Afghanistan, 
        Lebanon, Montenegro, and for victims of war, displaced 
        children, displaced Burmese, humanitarian assistance 
        for Romania, and humanitarian assistance for the 
        peoples of Kosova, may be made available 
        notwithstanding any other provision of law: Provided, 
        That any such funds that are made available for 
        Cambodia shall be subject to the provisions of section 
        531(e) of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 and 
        section 906 of the International Security and 
        Development Cooperation Act of 1985.
          ``(b) Funds appropriated by this Act to carry out the 
        provisions of sections 103 through 106 of the Foreign 
        Assistance Act of 1961 may be used, notwithstanding any 
        other provision of law, for the purpose of supporting 
        tropical forestry and biodiversity conservation 
        activities and, subject to the regular notification 
        procedures of the Committees on Appropriations, energy 
        programs aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions: 
        Provided, That such assistance shall be subject to 
        sections 116, 502B, and 620A of the Foreign Assistance 
        Act of 1961.
          ``(c) The Agency for International Development may 
        employ personal services contractors, notwithstanding 
        any other provision of law, for the purpose of 
        administering programs for the West Bank and Gaza.
          ``(d)(1) Waiver.--The President may waive the 
        provisions of section 1003 of Public Law 100-204 if the 
        President determines and certifies in writing to the 
        Speaker of the House of Representatives and the 
        President pro tempore of the Senate that it is 
        important to the national security interests of the 
        United States.
          ``(2) Period of Application of Waiver.--Any waiver 
        pursuant to paragraph (1) shall be effective for no 
        more than a period of 6 months at a time and shall not 
        apply beyond 12 months after the enactment of this 
        Act.''.
=======================================================================

=======================================================================


          Note.--The Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and 
        Related Programs Appropriations Act, 2000 (H.R. 3422, 
        as introduced on November 17, 1999, enacted by 
        reference in sec. 1000(a)(2) of Public Law 106-113; 113 
        Stat. 1535), provided the following:

          ``Sec. 559. * * *
          ``(c) Equitable Allocation of Funds.--Not more than 
        17 percent of the funds appropriated by this Act to 
        carry out the provisions of sections 103 through 106 
        and chapter 4 of part II of the Foreign Assistance Act 
        of 1961, that are made available for Latin America and 
        the Caribbean region may be made available, through 
        bilateral and Latin America and the Caribbean regional 
        programs, to provide assistance for any country in such 
        region.''.

=======================================================================


=======================================================================


          Note.--The Federal Reports Elimination and Sunset Act 
        of 1995 (Public Law 104-66; 109 Stat. 707), as amended, 
        modified or eliminated numerous reporting requirements 
        in law. Sec. 3003(a) of that Act provided that, subject 
        to certain restrictions, ``each provision of law 
        requiring the submittal to Congress (or any committee 
        of the Congress) of any annual, semiannual, or other 
        regular periodic report specified on the list [prepared 
        by the Clerk of the House of Representatives for the 
        first session of the 103rd Congress, House Document No. 
        103-7] * * * shall cease to be effective, with respect 
        to that requirement, May 15, 2000.''.
          Sec. 3003(d) of that Act, however, exempted certain 
        sections of law from the application of subsec. (a). 
        Among those exempted were several reports required by 
        the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 in secs. 116, 240A, 
        306, 489, 502B, and 634. Among those exempted were 
        several reports required by the Arms Export Control Act 
        in secs. 25, 28, and 36. Among those exempted was sec. 
        502 of the International Security and Development 
        Cooperation Act of 1985. For a complete list of 
        sections of law exempted from the application of sec. 
        3003(a) of Public Law 104-66, see Legislation on 
        Foreign Relations Through 1999, vol. IV.
          Sec. 209(e) of the Admiral James W. Nance and Meg 
        Donovan Foreign Relations Authorization Act, Fiscal 
        Years 2000 and 2001 (H.R. 3427, enacted by reference in 
        sec. 1000(a)(7) of Public Law 106-113; 113 Stat. 1536), 
        continued the requirement of several reports to which 
        Public Law 104-66 would otherwise have applied, 
        including those required in secs. 118(f), 239(c), and 
        620C(c) of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961; sec. 
        1205 of the International Security and Development 
        Cooperation Act of 1985; secs. 533(b) and 586J(c)(4) of 
        the Foreign Assistance Appropriations Act, 1991. For a 
        complete list of sections of law exempted from the 
        application of sec. 3003(a) of Public Law 104-66 by 
        sec. 209(e) of Public Law 106-113, see Legislation on 
        Foreign Relations Through 1999, vol. IV.

=======================================================================

    Sec. 103.\8\ Agriculture, Rural Development, and 
Nutrition.--(a)(1) In recognition of the fact that the great 
majority of the people of developing countries live in rural 
areas and are dependent on agriculture and agricultural-related 
pursuits for their livelihood, the President is authorized to 
furnish assistance, on such terms and conditions as he may 
determine, for agriculture, rural development, and nutrition--
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    \8\ 22 U.S.C. 2151a. Sec. 103, as added by sec. 2(3) of the FA Act 
of 1973 (87 Stat. 715), was amended and restated by sec. 103(a) of the 
International Development and Food Assistance Act of 1978 (92 Stat. 
943). Previous amendments to sec. 103 were made by sec. 2 of Public Law 
93-559 (88 Stat. 1795), sec. 302 of Public Law 94-161 (89 Stat. 856), 
and by sec. 102 of Public Law 95-88 (91 Stat. 534).
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          (A) to alleviate starvation, hunger, and 
        malnutrition;
          (B) to expand significantly the provision of basic 
        services to rural poor people to enhance their capacity 
        for self-help; and
          (C) to help create productive farm and off-farm 
        employment in rural areas to provide a more viable 
        economic base and enhance opportunities for improved 
        incomes, living standards, and contributions by rural 
        poor people to the economic and social development of 
        their countries.
    (2) There are authorized to be appropriated to the 
President for purposes of this section, in addition to funds 
otherwise available for such purposes, $760,000,000 for the 
fiscal year 1986 and $760,000,000 for the fiscal year 1987.\9\ 
Of these amounts, the President may use such amounts as he 
deems appropriate to carry out the provisions of section 316 of 
the International Security and Development Cooperation Act of 
1980.\10\
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    \9\ The authorization figures for fiscal years 1986 and 1987 were 
added by sec. 302 of the International Security and Development 
Cooperation Act of 1985 (Public Law 99-83; 99 Stat. 190). 
Authorizations for recent years included: fiscal year 1975--
$500,000,000; fiscal year 1976--$618,000,000; fiscal year 1977--
$745,000,000; fiscal year 1978--$580,000,000; fiscal year 1979--
$665,231,000; fiscal year 1980--$659,000,000; fiscal year 1981--
$713,500,000; fiscal year 1982--$700,000,000; fiscal year 1983--
$700,000,000; fiscal year 1984--$725,213,000; fiscal year 1985--no 
authorization; fiscal years 1988 through 2000--no authorization.
    \10\ Sec. 316 of the International Security and Development 
Cooperation Act of 1980 concerns world hunger and instructs the 
Director of IDCA to encourage the ongoing work of PVOs to deal with 
world hunger problems abroad.
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    (3) \11\ Of the amounts authorized to be appropriated in 
paragraph; (2) for the fiscal year 1987, not less than 
$2,000,000 shall be available only for the purpose of 
controlling and eradicating amblyomman variegatum (heartwater) 
in bovine animals in the Caribbean.
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    \11\ Paragraph 3 was added by sec. 1304 of Public Law 99-399 (100 
Stat. 898).
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    (b)(1) Assistance provided under this section shall be used 
primarily for activities which are specifically designed to 
increase the productivity and income of the rural poor, through 
such means as creation and strengthening of local institutions 
linked to the regional and national levels; organi