<DOC>
[DOCID: f:61650.wais]



                                               S. Prt. 106-46, Vol. I-B



                     COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN RELATIONS
                  COMMITTEE ON INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

=======================================================================

 
        Legislation on Foreign Relations Through 1999

                                     
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED]CONGRESS.#15

                                     

                               APRIL 2000

                               VOLUME I-B

                         OF VOLUMES I-A AND I-B

                        CURRENT LEGISLATION AND

                        RELATED EXECUTIVE ORDERS

                              U.S. Senate

                     U.S. House of Representatives


    Printed for the use of the Committees on Foreign Relations and 
International Relations of the Senate and the House of Representatives 
                              respectively



                    U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
                           WASHINGTON : 2000
61-650 CC                                                               

_______________________________________________________________________
 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing 
                                 Office
                         Washington, D.C. 20402


                     COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN RELATIONS

                 JESSE HELMS, North Carolina, Chairman

RICHARD G. LUGAR, Indiana            JOSEPH R. BIDEN, Jr., Delaware
CHUCK HAGEL, Nebraska                PAUL S. SARBANES, Maryland
GORDON H. SMITH, Oregon              CHRISTOPHER J. DODD, Connecticut
ROD GRAMS, Minnesota                 JOHN F. KERRY, Massachusetts
SAM BROWNBACK, Kansas                RUSSELL D. FEINGOLD, Wisconsin
CRAIG THOMAS, Wyoming                PAUL D. WELLSTONE, Minnesota
JOHN ASHCROFT, Missouri              BARBARA BOXER, California
BILL FRIST, Tennessee                ROBERT G. TORRICELLI, New Jersey
LINCOLN CHAFEE, Rhode Island

                     Steven Biegun, Staff Director

                 Edwin K. Hall, Minority Staff Director

                                 ______

                  COMMITTEE ON INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

                 BENJAMIN A. GILMAN, New York, Chairman

WILLIAM F. GOODLING, Pennsylvania    SAM GEJDENSON, Connecticut
JAMES A. LEACH, Iowa                 TOM LANTOS, California
HENRY J. HYDE, Illinois              HOWARD L. BERMAN, California
DOUG BEREUTER, Nebraska              GARY L. ACKERMAN, New York
CHRISTOPHER H. SMITH, New Jersey     ENI F.H. FALEOMAVAEGA, American 
DAN BURTON, Indiana                  Samoa
ELTON GALLEGLY, California           MATTHEW G. MARTINEZ, California
ILEANA ROS-LEHTINEN, Florida         DONALD M. PAYNE, New Jersey
CASS BALLENGER, North Carolina       ROBERT MENENDEZ, New Jersey
DANA ROHRABACHER, California         SHERROD BROWN, Ohio
DONALD A. MANZULLO, Illinois         CYNTHIA A. McKINNEY, Georgia
EDWARD R. ROYCE, California          ALCEE L. HASTINGS, Florida
PETER T. KING, New York              PAT DANNER, Missouri
STEVEN CHABOT, Ohio                  EARL F. HILLIARD, Alabama
MARSHALL ``MARK'' SANFORD, South     BRAD SHERMAN, California
Carolina                             ROBERT WEXLER, Florida
MATT SALMON, Arizona                 STEVEN R. ROTHMAN, New Jersey
AMO HOUGHTON, New York               JIM DAVIS, Florida
TOM CAMPBELL, California             EARL P0MEROY, North Dakota
JOHN M. McHUGH, New York             WILLIAM D. DELAHUNT, Massachusetts
KEVIN BRADY, Texas                   GEORGE W. MEEKS, New York
RICHARD BURR, North Carolina         BARBARA LEE, California
PAUL E. GILLMOR, Ohio                JOSEPH CROWLEY, New York
GEORGE RADANOVICH, California        JOSEPH M. HOEFFEL, Pennsylvania
JOHN COOKSEY, Louisiana
THOMAS G. TANCREDO, Colorado

                    Richard J. Garon, Chief of Staff

          Kathleen Bertelsen Moazed, Democratic Chief of Staff

                                  (ii)




                                FOREWORD

                              ----------                              

    This volume of legislation and related material is part of 
a five volume set of laws and related material frequently 
referred to by the Committees on International Relations of the 
House of Representatives and Foreign Relations of the Senate, 
amended to date and annotated to show pertinent history or 
cross references.
    Volumes I (A and B), II, III and IV contain legislation and 
related material and are republished with amendments and 
additions at the end of each annual session of Congress. Volume 
V, which contains treaties and related material, is revised 
periodically.
    We wish to express our appreciation to Dianne E. Rennack 
and C. Winston Woodland of the Foreign Affairs and National 
Defense Division of the Congressional Research Service of the 
Library of Congress who prepared volume I-B of this year's 
compilation.
                                           Jesse Helms,
                          Chairman, Committee on Foreign Relations.
                                           Benjamin A. Gilman,
                    Chairman, Committee on International Relations.

                                 (iii)

                                     


                            EXPLANATORY NOTE

                              ----------                              

    The body of statutory law set out in this volume was in 
force, as amended, at the end of 1999.
    This volume sets out ``session law'' as originally enacted 
by Congress and published by the Archivist of the United States 
as ``slip law'' and later in the series United States Statutes 
at Large (as subsequently amended, if applicable). Amendments 
are incorporated into the text and distinguished by a footnote. 
Session law is organized in this series by subject matter in a 
manner designed to meet the needs of the Congress.
    Although laws enacted by Congress in the area of foreign 
relations are also codified by the Law Revision Counsel of the 
House of Representatives, typically in title 22 United States 
Code, those codifications are not positive law and are not, in 
most instances, the basis of further amendment by the Congress. 
Cross references to the United States Code are included as 
footnotes for the convenience of the reader.
    All Executive orders and State Department delegations of 
authority are codified and in force as of January 15, 2000.
    Corrections may be sent to Dianne Rennack at Library of 
Congress, Congressional Research Service, Washington D.C., 
20540-7460, or by electronic mail at drennack@crs.loc.gov.

                                  (v)

                                     


                             ABBREVIATIONS

Bevans......................................  Treaties and Other
                                               International Agreements
                                               of the United States of
                                               America, 1776-1949,
                                               compiled under the
                                               direction of Charles I.
                                               Bevans.
CFR.........................................  Code of Federal
                                               Regulations.
EAS.........................................  Executive Agreement
                                               Series.
F.R.........................................  Federal Register.
LNTS........................................  League of Nations Treaty
                                               Series.
I Malloy, II Malloy.........................  Treaties, Conventions,
                                               International Acts,
                                               Protocols, and Agreements
                                               Between the United States
                                               of America and Other
                                               Powers, 1776-1909,
                                               compiled under the
                                               direction of the United
                                               States Senate by William
                                               M. Malloy.
Stat........................................  United States Statutes at
                                               Large.
TIAS........................................  Treaties and Other
                                               International Acts
                                               Series.
TS..........................................  Treaty Series.
UNTS........................................  United Nations Treaty
                                               Series.
U.S.C.......................................  United States Code.
UST.........................................  United States Treaties and
                                               Other International
                                               Agreements.


                                 (vii)

                                     




                            C O N T E N T S

                               __________
                                                                   Page

FOREWORD.........................................................   iii

EXPLANATORY NOTE.................................................     v

ABBREVIATIONS....................................................   vii

A. FOREIGN ASSISTANCE............................................     1

 1. Other Foreign Assistance Related Legislation and Materials...     5
 2. Executive Orders, Delegations of Authority, and 
    Reorganization Plans Relating to Foreign Assistance and Arms 
    Exports......................................................   359
 3. Armed Forces Legislation.....................................   392
 4. Laws Relating to Loan or Sale of Vessels to Foreign Countries  1055

B. AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES......................................  1059

 1. Agricultural Trade Development and Assistance................  1061
 2. Agricultural Trade...........................................  1169
 3. Agricultural Act of 1980 and Related Material................  1211
 4. National Agricultural Research, Extension, and Teaching 
    Policy Act of 1977 (Public Law 95-113) (partial text)........  1225
 5. Agriculture and Food Act of 1981 (Public Law 97-98) (partial 
    text)........................................................  1230
 6. International Carriage of Perishable Foodstuffs Act (Public 
    Law 97-325)..................................................  1237
 7. Pesticide Monitoring Improvements (Public Law 100-418) 
    (partial text)...............................................  1241

C. THE PEACE CORPS...............................................  1243

 1. The Peace Corps Act, as amended (Public Law 87-293)..........  1245
 2. Establishment of the Peace Corps as an Independent Agency 
    (Public Law 97-113) (partial text)...........................  1275
 3. Peace Corps Reauthorizations.................................  1278
 4. Independent Implementing Provisions of Public Law 89-134.....  1284
 5. Higher Education Act Amendments--Provisions Relating to the 
    Peace Corps (Public Law 99-498) (partial text)...............  1285
 6. National and Community Service Act of 1990 (Public Law 101-
    610) (partial text)..........................................  1286
 7. The Peace Corps--Establishment as Agency Within ACTION 
    (Executive Order 12137)......................................  1294
 8. Providing for the Appointment of Former Peace Corps 
    Volunteers to the Civilian Civil Service (Executive Order 
    11103).......................................................  1299

APPENDICES.......................................................  1301

INDEX............................................................  1345

                                  (ix)


=======================================================================




                         A. FOREIGN ASSISTANCE

                                CONTENTS

                                                                   Page

1. Other Foreign Assistance Related Legislation and Materials....     5
    a. Policy Toward Iraq........................................     5
        (1) Iraq Liberation Act of 1998 (Public Law 105-338).....     5
        (2) 1998 Supplemental Appropriations and Rescissions Act 
          (Public Law 105-174) (partial text)....................    10
        (3) Iran-Iraq Arms Non-Proliferation Act of 1992 (Public 
          Law 102-484) (partial text)............................    12
        (4) Persian Gulf Conflict Supplemental Authorization and 
          Personnel Benefits Act of 1991 (Public Law 102-25) 
          (partial text).........................................    17
        (5) Iraq Sanctions Act of 1990 (Public Law 101-513) 
          (partial text).........................................    30
        (6) Budget Enforcement Act of 1990--Emergency 
          Appropriations Requirements (Public Law 101-508) 
          (partial text).........................................    40
    b. Assistance to Eastern Europe and the Former Soviet Union..    42
        (1) Act For Reform In Emerging New Democracies and 
          Support and Help for Improved Partnership With Russia, 
          Ukraine, and Other New Independent States (FRIENDSHIP 
          Act) (Public Law 103-199) (partial text)...............    42
        (2) Freedom for Russia and Emerging Eurasian Democracies 
          and Open Markets Support Act of 1992 (FREEDOM Support 
          Act) (Public Law 102-511) (partial text)...............    49
        (3) Emergency Airlift to the Soviet Union (Public Law 
          102-228) (partial text)................................    81
        (4) Soviet-Eastern Europe Educational Exchange Programs 
          in the Foreign Relations Authorization Act, Fiscal 
          Years 1992 and 1993 (Public Law 102-138) (partial text)    84
        (5) Eisenhower Exchange Fellowship Act of 1990 (Public 
          Law 101-454)...........................................    90
        (6) Assistance to Eastern Europe and Yugoslavia (Public 
          Law 101-243) (partial text)............................    94
        (7) Support for East European Democracy (SEED) Act of 
          1989 (Public Law 101-179)..............................    95
        (8) American Aid to Poland Act of 1988 (Public Law 100-
          418) (partial text)....................................   125
        (9) Clement J. Zablocki Memorial Outpatient Facility, 
          American Children's Hospital, Krakow, Poland (Public 
          Law 98-266)............................................   128
        (10) Research and Training for Eastern Europe and the 
          Independent States of the Former Soviet Union Act of 
          1983 (Public Law 98-164) (partial text)................   129
        (11) Central European Enterprise Development (Act of July 
          30, 1953) (partial text)...............................   135
        (12) Support for East European Democracy (SEED) Program 
          (Executive Order 12703)................................   137
        (13) Delegation of Authorities Under the FREEDOM Support 
          Act (Executive Order 12884)............................   138
    c. Assistance to Africa......................................   140
        (1) Africa: Seeds of Hope Act (Public Law 105-385) 
          (partial text).........................................   140
        (2) Prohibition on Assistance to Mauritania (Public Law 
          104-319) (partial text)................................   146
        (3) African Conflict Resolution Act (Public Law 103-381).   148
        (4) South African Democratic Transition Support Act of 
          1993 (Public Law 103-149) (partial text)...............   153
        (5) Horn of Africa Recovery and Food Security Act (Public 
          Law 102-274)...........................................   159
        (6) Peace Process Support in Liberia (Public Law 102-270)   168
        (7) African Famine Relief and Recovery Act of 1985 
          (Public Law 99-8) (partial text).......................   170
    d. Assistance to Latin America...............................   173
        (1) Cuban Liberty and Democratic Solidarity (LIBERTAD) 
          Act of 1996 (Public Law 104-114).......................   173
        (2) Enterprise for the Americas Initiative Act of 1992 
          (Public Law 102-532) (partial text)....................   216
        (3) Enterprise for the Americas Facility as Established 
          in P.L. 480 (Public Law 83-480) (partial text).........   219
        (4) Urgent Assistance for Democracy in Panama Act of 1990 
          (Public Law 101-243) (partial text)....................   229
        (5) Survival Assistance to Victims of Civil Strife in 
          Central America (Public Law 101-215)...................   233
        (6) Central America Peace Assistance (Public Law 100-276)   234
        (7) Latin American Development Act, as amended (Public 
          Law 86-735)............................................   239
        (8) Implementation of the Enterprise for the Americas 
          Initiative and the Tropical Forest Conservation Act of 
          1998 (Executive Order 12757)...........................   242
    e. Assistance to the Middle East.............................   246
        (1) Middle East Peace Facilitation Act of 1995 (Public 
          Law 104-107) (partial text)............................   246
        (2) Middle East Peace Facilitation Act of 1994 (Public 
          Law 103-236) (partial text)............................   254
        (3) Middle East Peace Facilitation Act of 1993 (Public 
          Law 103-125)...........................................   258
        (4) Emergency Supplemental Persian Gulf Refugee 
          Assistance Act of 1991 (Public Law 102-45).............   261
        (5) Emergency Supplemental Assistance for Israel Act of 
          1991 (Public Law 102-21)...............................   263
        (6) Jordan Supplemental Economic Assistance Authorization 
          Act of 1985 (Public Law 99-88) (partial text)..........   264
        (7) Lebanon Emergency Assistance Act of 1983 (Public Law 
          98-43) (partial text)..................................   266
        (8) Special International Security Assistance Act of 1979 
          (Public Law 96-35) (partial text)......................   268
    f. Anglo-Irish Agreement Support Act of 1986 (Public Law 99-
      415) (partial text)........................................   272
    g. International Narcotics Control...........................   277
        (1) Western Hemisphere Drug Elimination Act (Public Law 
          105-277) (partial text)................................   277
        (2) President's Council on Counter-Narcotics (Public Law 
          105-277) (partial text)................................   292
        (3) International Narcotics Control Corrections Act of 
          1994 (Public Law 103-447) (partial text)...............   294
        (4) International Narcotics Control Act of 1990 (Public 
          Law 101-623) (partial text)............................   296
        (5) Licit Opium Imports (title XXVI of Public Law 101-
          647)...................................................   304
        (6) International Narcotics Control Act of 1989 (Public 
          Law 101-231) (partial text)............................   306
        (7) International Narcotics Control Act of 1988 (title IV 
          of Public Law 100-690) (partial text)..................   316
        (8) International Narcotics Control Act of 1986 (title II 
          of Public Law 99-570) (partial text)...................   319
        (9) Export-Import Bank Act of 1945--Provisions Governing 
          Foreign Assistance Act Funds in Counter-Narcotics 
          (Public Law 79-173) (partial text).....................   321
        (10) National Drug Control Program (Executive Order 
          12880).................................................   323
        (11) President's Drug Policy Council (Executive Order 
          12992).................................................   325
    h. Security Assistance and Arms Sales Legislation............   327
        (1) Proposed Arms Sales to Jordan (Public Law 99-162)....   327
        (2) Conditions on Arms Sales to Turkey (Public Law 94-
          104) (partial text)....................................   328
        (3) Emergency Security Assistance Act of 1973 (Public Law 
          93-199)................................................   330
        (4) Mutual Security Act of 1959, as amended (Public Law 
          86-108) (partial text).................................   332
        (5) Mutual Security Act of 1954, as amended (Public Law 
          83-665) (retained provisions)..........................   333
            Sec. 408--North Atlantic Treaty Organization.........   333
            Sec. 417--Irish Counterpart..........................   334
            Sec. 502--Use of Foreign Currency....................   334
            Sec. 514--International Educational Exchange 
              Activities.........................................   336
            Sec. 523--Coordination With Foreign Policy...........   337
            Sec. 536--Joint Commission on Rural Reconstruction in 
              China..............................................   337
        (6) Notice to Congress of Certain Transfers of Defense 
          Articles and Defense Services (Public Law 80-253) 
          (partial text).........................................   338
    i. Development Assistance Legislation........................   340
        (1) Bangladesh Disaster Assistance Act of 1988 (Public 
          Law 100-576)...........................................   340
        (2) International Cooperation to Protect Biological 
          Diversity (Public Law 100-530).........................   343
        (3) Control of Swine Influenza (Public Law 94-302) 
          (partial text).........................................   344
    j. Use of Foreign Currencies.................................   345
        (1) 31 U.S.C. 1306. Use of Foreign Credits...............   345
        (2) General Government Matters Appropriation Act, 1962 
          (Public Law 87-125) (partial text).....................   346
        (3) Use of Reserved Coins and Currencies of Foreign 
          Countries (31 U.S.C. 5303).............................   347
    k. Merchant Marine Act of 1936, as amended (partial text)....   348
2. Executive Orders, Delegations of Authority, and Reorganization 
  Plans Relating to Foreign Assistance and Arms Exports..........   359
    a. Administration of Foreign Assistance and Related Functions 
      (Executive Order 12163)....................................   359
    b. State Department Delegation of Authority No. 145..........   369
    c. International Development Cooperation Agency Delegation of 
      Authority No. 1............................................   380
    d. Administration of Arms Export Controls (Executive Order 
      11958).....................................................   382
    e. Overseas Private Investment Corporation (Executive Order 
      11579).....................................................   386
    f. Performance of Functions Authorized by the Foreign 
      Assistance Act of 1961, as amended (Executive Order 11223).   388
    g. Foreign Disaster Assistance (Executive Order 12966).......   391
3. Armed Forces Legislation......................................   392
    a. Title 10, United States Code..............................   392
    b. National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2000 
      (Public Law 106-65) (partial text).........................   476
    c. Department of Defense Appropriations Act, 2000 (Public Law 
      106-79) (partial text).....................................   524
    d. Strom Thurmond National Defense Authorization Act for 
      Fiscal Year 1999 (Public Law 105-261) (partial text).......   538
    e. Department of Defense Appropriations Act, 1999 (Public Law 
      105-262) (partial text)....................................   579
    f. 1998 Supplemental Appropriations and Rescissions Act 
      (Public Law 105-174) (partial text)........................   593
    g. National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1998 
      (Public Law 105-85) (partial text).........................   597
    h. National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1997 
      (Public Law 104-201) (partial text)........................   638
    i. National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1996 
      (Public Law 104-106) (partial text)........................   661
    j. National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1995 
      (Public Law 103-337) (partial text)........................   685
    k. National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1994 
      (Public Law 103-160) (partial text)........................   717
    l. Department of Defense Appropriations Act, 1994 (Public Law 
      103-139) (partial text)....................................   759
    m. National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1993 
      (Public Law 102-484) (partial text)........................   761
    n. Department of Defense Appropriations Act, 1993 (Public Law 
      102-396) (partial text)....................................   816
    o. National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Years 1992 
      and 1993 (Public Law 102-190) (partial text)...............   818
    p. National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1991 
      (Public Law 101-510) (partial text)........................   850
    q. National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Years 1990 
      and 1991 (Public Law 101-189) (partial text)...............   895
    r. Department of Defense Appropriations Act, 1991 (Public Law 
      101-511) (partial text)....................................   925
    s. National Defense Authorization Act, Fiscal Year 1989 
      (Public Law 100-456) (partial text)........................   931
    t. Department of Defense Appropriations Act, 1989 (Public Law 
      100-463) (partial text)....................................   955
    u. National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Years 1988 
      and 1989 (Public Law 100-180) (partial text)...............   959
    v. Department of Defense Authorization Act, 1987 (Public Law 
      99-661) (partial text).....................................   985
    w. Department of Defense Authorization Act, 1986 (Public Law 
      99-145) (partial text).....................................   996
    x. Department of Defense Authorization Act, 1985 (Public Law 
      98-525) (partial text).....................................  1016
    y. Department of Defense Authorization Act, 1984 (Public Law 
        98-94) (partial text)....................................  1035
    z. Department of Defense Authorization Act, 1983 (Public Law 
      97-252) (partial text).....................................  1044
    aa. Department of Defense Appropriation Authorization Act, 
      1979 (Public Law 95-485) (partial text)....................  1047
    bb. Department of Defense Appropriation Authorization Act, 
      1975 (Public Law 93-365) (partial text)....................  1048
    cc. Armed Forces Appropriation Authorization, 1971 (Public 
      Law 91-441) (partial text).................................  1051
    dd. Authorization for an Improved U.S./Soviet Direct 
      Communications Link (Public Law 99-85).....................  1053
4. 10 U.S.C. 7307--Disposals to Foreign Nations of Naval Vessels.  1055

=======================================================================

      
     1. Other Foreign Assistance Related Legislation and Materials

                       a. Policy Toward Iraq \1\

                    (1) Iraq Liberation Act of 1998

 Public Law 105-338 [H.R. 4655], 112 Stat. 3178, approved October 31, 
                                  1998

 AN ACT To establish a program to support a transition to democracy in 
                                 Iraq.

    Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of 
the United States of America in Congress assembled,

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Iraq Liberation Act of 
1998''.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \1\ See also sanctions imposed against Iraq, in Legislation on 
Foreign Relations Through 1999, vol. III. See also various National 
Defense Authorization Acts in this volume. See also the Authorization 
for Use of Military Force Against Iraq Resolution, Public Law 102-1, in 
Legislation on Foreign Relations Through 1999, vol. II. See also sec. 
507--prohibition against direct funding for certain countries, sec. 
523--prohibition against indirect funding to certain countries, sec. 
534--compliance with United Nations sanctions against Iraq, and sec. 
580--Iraq opposition, in the Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and 
Related Programs Appropriations Act, 2000 (H.R. 3422, enacted by 
reference in sec. 1000(a)(2) of Public Law 106-113; 113 Stat. 1535), in 
Legislation on Foreign Relations Through 1999, vol. I-A.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

SEC. 2. FINDINGS.

    The Congress makes the following findings:
          (1) On September 22, 1980, Iraq invaded Iran, 
        starting an 8 year war in which Iraq employed chemical 
        weapons against Iranian troops and ballistic missiles 
        against Iranian cities.
          (2) In February 1988, Iraq forcibly relocated Kurdish 
        civilians from their home villages in the Anfal 
        campaign, killing an estimated 50,000 to 180,000 Kurds.
          (3) On March 16, 1988, Iraq used chemical weapons 
        against Iraqi Kurdish civilian opponents in the town of 
        Halabja, killing an estimated 5,000 Kurds and causing 
        numerous birth defects that affect the town today.
          (4) On August 2, 1990, Iraq invaded and began a 7 
        month occupation of Kuwait, killing and committing 
        numerous abuses against Kuwaiti civilians, and setting 
        Kuwait's oil wells ablaze upon retreat.
          (5) Hostilities in Operation Desert Storm ended on 
        February 28, 1991, and Iraq subsequently accepted the 
        ceasefire conditions specified in United Nations 
        Security Council Resolution 687 (April 3, 1991) 
        requiring Iraq, among other things, to disclose fully 
        and permit the dismantlement of its weapons of mass 
        destruction programs and submit to long-term monitoring 
        and verification of such dismantlement.
          (6) In April 1993, Iraq orchestrated a failed plot to 
        assassinate former President George Bush during his 
        April 14-16, 1993, visit to Kuwait.
          (7) In October 1994, Iraq moved 80,000 troops to 
        areas near the border with Kuwait, posing an imminent 
        threat of a renewed invasion of or attack against 
        Kuwait.
          (8) On August 31, 1996, Iraq suppressed many of its 
        opponents by helping one Kurdish faction capture Irbil, 
        the seat of the Kurdish regional government.
          (9) Since March 1996, Iraq has systematically sought 
        to deny weapons inspectors from the United Nations 
        Special Commission on Iraq (UNSCOM) access to key 
        facilities and documents, has on several occasions 
        endangered the safe operation of UNSCOM helicopters 
        transporting UNSCOM personnel in Iraq, and has 
        persisted in a pattern of deception and concealment 
        regarding the history of its weapons of mass 
        destruction programs.
          (10) On August 5, 1998, Iraq ceased all cooperation 
        with UNSCOM, and subsequently threatened to end long-
        term monitoring activities by the International Atomic 
        Energy Agency and UNSCOM.
          (11) On August 14, 1998, President Clinton signed 
        Public Law 105-235, which declared that ``the 
        Government of Iraq is in material and unacceptable 
        breach of its international obligations'' and urged the 
        President ``to take appropriate action, in accordance 
        with the Constitution and relevant laws of the United 
        States, to bring Iraq into compliance with its 
        international obligations.''.
          (12) On May 1, 1998, President Clinton signed Public 
        Law 105-174, which made $5,000,000 available for 
        assistance to the Iraqi democratic opposition for such 
        activities as organization, training, communication and 
        dissemination of information, developing and 
        implementing agreements among opposition groups, 
        compiling information to support the indictment of 
        Iraqi officials for war crimes, and for related 
        purposes.

SEC. 3. SENSE OF THE CONGRESS REGARDING UNITED STATES POLICY TOWARD 
                    IRAQ.

    It should be the policy of the United States to support 
efforts to remove the regime headed by Saddam Hussein from 
power in Iraq and to promote the emergence of a democratic 
government to replace that regime.

SEC. 4. ASSISTANCE TO SUPPORT A TRANSITION TO DEMOCRACY IN IRAQ.

    (a) Authority To Provide Assistance.--The President may 
provide to the Iraqi democratic opposition organizations 
designated in accordance with section 5 the following 
assistance:
          (1) \2\ Broadcasting assistance.--(A) Grant 
        assistance to such organizations for radio and 
        television broadcasting by such organizations to Iraq.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \2\ Title II of Public Law 105-174 (112 Stat. 70) provided the 
following:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

                   ``United States Information Agency

                ``international broadcasting operations
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    ``For an additional amount for `International Broadcasting 
Operations', $5,000,000, to remain available until September 30, 1999, 
for a grant to Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty for surrogate radio 
broadcasting to the Iraqi people: Provided, That such broadcasting 
shall be designated `Radio Free Iraq': Provided further, That within 30 
days of enactment into law of this Act the Broadcasting Board of 
Governors shall submit a detailed report to the appropriate committees 
of Congress on plans to establish a surrogate broadcasting service to 
Iraq: Provided further, That such amount is designated by Congress as 
an emergency requirement pursuant to section 251(b)(2)(A) of the 
Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985, as amended: 
Provided further, That the entire amount shall be available only to the 
extent that an official budget request for a specific dollar amount, 
that includes designation of the entire amount of the request as an 
emergency requirement as defined in the Balanced Budget and Emergency 
Deficit Control Act of 1985, as amended, is transmitted by the 
President to Congress.''.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
          (B) There is authorized to be appropriated to the 
        United States Information Agency $2,000,000 for fiscal 
        year 1999 to carry out this paragraph.
          (2) \3\ Military assistance.--(A) The President is 
        authorized to direct the drawdown of defense articles 
        from the stocks of the Department of Defense, defense 
        services of the Department of Defense, and military 
        education and training for such organizations.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \3\ In Presidential Determination No. 2000-5 of October 29, 1999 
(64 F.R. 60651), the President directed ``the furnishing of up to $5 
million in defense articles from the stocks of the Department of 
Defense, defense services of the Department of Defense, and military 
education and training in order to provide assistance to the Iraqi 
National Congress.''.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
          (B) The aggregate value (as defined in section 644(m) 
        of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961) of assistance 
        provided under this paragraph may not exceed 
        $97,000,000.
    (b) \4\ Humanitarian Assistance.--The Congress urges the 
President to use existing authorities under the Foreign 
Assistance Act of 1961 to provide humanitarian assistance to 
individuals living in areas of Iraq controlled by organizations 
designated in accordance with section 5, with emphasis on 
addressing the needs of individuals who have fled to such areas 
from areas under the control of the Saddam Hussein regime.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \4\ Sec. 580 of the Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and 
Related Programs Appropriations Act, 2000 (H.R. 3422, enacted by 
reference in sec. 1000(a)(2) of Public Law 106-113; 113 Stat. 1535), 
provided the following:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

                           ``iraq opposition
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    ``Sec. 580. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, of the 
funds appropriated under the heading `Economic Support Fund', 
$10,000,000 shall be made available to support efforts to bring about 
political transition in Iraq, of which not less than $8,000,000 shall 
be made available only to Iraqi opposition groups designated under the 
Iraq Liberation Act (Public Law 105-338) for political, economic, 
humanitarian, and other activities of such groups, and not more than 
$2,000,000 may be made available for groups and activities seeking the 
prosecution of Saddam Hussein and other Iraqi government officials for 
war crimes.''.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    (c) Restriction on Assistance.--No assistance under this 
section shall be provided to any group within an organization 
designated in accordance with section 5 which group is, at the 
time the assistance is to be provided, engaged in military 
cooperation with the Saddam Hussein regime.
    (d) Notification Requirement.--The President shall notify 
the congressional committees specified in section 634A of the 
Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 at least 15 days in advance of 
each obligation of assistance under this section in accordance 
with the procedures applicable to reprogramming notifications 
under section 634A.
    (e) Reimbursement Relating to Military Assistance.--
          (1) In general.--Defense articles, defense services, 
        and military education and training provided under 
        subsection (a)(2) shall be made available without 
        reimbursement to the Department of Defense except to 
        the extent that funds are appropriated pursuant to 
        paragraph (2).
          (2) Authorization of appropriations.--There are 
        authorized to be appropriated to the President for each 
        of the fiscal years 1998 and 1999 such sums as may be 
        necessary to reimburse the applicable appropriation, 
        fund, or account for the value (as defined in section 
        644(m) of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961) of 
        defense articles, defense services, or military 
        education and training provided under subsection 
        (a)(2).
    (f) Availability of Funds.--(1) Amounts authorized to be 
appropriated under this section are authorized to remain 
available until expended.
    (2) Amounts authorized to be appropriated under this 
section are in addition to amounts otherwise available for the 
purposes described in this section.
    (g) Authority To Provide Assistance.--Activities under this 
section (including activities of the nature described in 
subsection (b)) may be undertaken notwithstanding any other 
provision of law.

SEC. 5.\5\ DESIGNATION OF IRAQI DEMOCRATIC OPPOSITION ORGANIZATION.

    (a) Initial Designation.--Not later than 90 days after the 
date of the enactment of this Act, the President shall 
designate one or more Iraqi democratic opposition organizations 
that the President determines satisfy the criteria set forth in 
subsection (c) as eligible to receive assistance under section 
4.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \5\ In Presidential Determination No. 99-13 of February 4, 1999 (64 
F.R. 6781), the President determined ``that each of the following 
groups is a democratic opposition organization and that each satisfies 
the criteria set forth in section 5(c) of the Act: the Iraqi National 
Accord, the Iraqi National Congress, the Islamic Movement of Iraqi 
Kurdistan, the Kurdistan Democratic Party, the Movement for 
Constitutional Monarchy, the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan, and the 
Supreme Council for the Islamic Revolution in Iraq. I hereby designate 
each of these organizations as eligible to receive assistance under 
section 4 of the Act.''.
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    (b) Designation of Additional Organizations.--At any time 
subsequent to the initial designation pursuant to subsection 
(a), the President may designate one or more additional Iraqi 
democratic opposition organizations that the President 
determines satisfy the criteria set forth in subsection (c) as 
eligible to receive assistance under section 4.
    (c) Criteria for Designation.--In designating an 
organization pursuant to this section, the President shall 
consider only organizations that--
          (1) include a broad spectrum of Iraqi individuals, 
        groups, or both, opposed to the Saddam Hussein regime; 
        and
          (2) are committed to democratic values, to respect 
        for human rights, to peaceful relations with Iraq's 
        neighbors, to maintaining Iraq's territorial integrity, 
        and to fostering cooperation among democratic opponents 
        of the Saddam Hussein regime.
    (d) Notification Requirement.--At least 15 days in advance 
of designating an Iraqi democratic opposition organization 
pursuant to this section, the President shall notify the 
congressional committees specified in section 634A of the 
Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 of his proposed designation in 
accordance with the procedures applicable to reprogramming 
notifications under section 634A.

SEC. 6. WAR CRIMES TRIBUNAL FOR IRAQ.

    Consistent with section 301 of the Foreign Relations 
Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 1992 and 1993 (Public Law 102-
138), House Concurrent Resolution 137, 105th Congress (approved 
by the House of Representatives on November 13, 1997), and 
Senate Concurrent Resolution 78, 105th Congress (approved by 
the Senate on March 13, 1998), the Congress urges the President 
to call upon the United Nations to establish an international 
criminal tribunal for the purpose of indicting, prosecuting, 
and imprisoning Saddam Hussein and other Iraqi officials who 
are responsible for crimes against humanity, genocide, and 
other criminal violations of international law.

SEC. 7. ASSISTANCE FOR IRAQ UPON REPLACEMENT OF SADDAM HUSSEIN REGIME.

    It is the sense of the Congress that once the Saddam 
Hussein regime is removed from power in Iraq, the United States 
should support Iraq's transition to democracy by providing 
immediate and substantial humanitarian assistance to the Iraqi 
people, by providing democracy transition assistance to Iraqi 
parties and movements with democratic goals, and by convening 
Iraq's foreign creditors to develop a multilateral response to 
Iraq's foreign debt incurred by Saddam Hussein's regime.

SEC. 8. RULE OF CONSTRUCTION.

    Nothing in this Act shall be construed to authorize or 
otherwise speak to the use of United States Armed Forces 
(except as provided in section 4(a)(2)) in carrying out this 
Act.
        (2) 1998 Supplemental Appropriations and Rescissions Act

Partial text of Public Law 105-174 [H.R. 3579], 112 Stat. 58, approved 
                              May 1, 1998

AN ACT Making emergency supplemental appropriations for the fiscal year 
           ending September 30, 1998, and for other purposes.

    Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of 
the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the 
following sums are appropriated, out of any money in the 
Treasury not otherwise appropriated, for the fiscal year ending 
September 30, 1998, and for other purposes, namely:

 TITLE I--EMERGENCY SUPPLEMENTAL APPROPRIATIONS FOR THE DEPARTMENT OF 
                                DEFENSE

                               CHAPTER 1

          * * * * * * *

                    GENERAL PROVISIONS--THIS CHAPTER

          * * * * * * *
    Sec. 4. The President is urged to encourage other nations 
who are allies and friends of the United States to contribute 
to the burden being borne by the United States in preventing 
the government of Iraq from using Weapons of Mass Destruction, 
which pose a threat to the world community. The President is 
also urged to seek financial, in-kind and other contributions 
to help defray the costs being incurred by the United States in 
this operation. For this purpose, a special account shall be 
established in the Treasury which will accept such financial 
contributions, and from which funds will be subject to 
obligation through the normal appropriations process. The 
Secretary of Defense, after consultation with the Secretary of 
State, shall provide a report to the Congress within 60 days 
after enactment as to the status of this effort, and shall make 
a comprehensive account of the efforts made and results 
obtained to share the burden of the common defense. The 
Director of the Office of Management and Budget shall report to 
the Congress within 30 days as to the establishment of such 
burden-sharing account in the Department of the Treasury.
          * * * * * * *
    Sec. 17. It is the sense of the Congress that none of the 
funds appropriated or otherwise made available by this Act may 
be made available for the conduct of offensive operations by 
United States Armed Forces against Iraq for the purpose of 
obtaining compliance by Iraq with United Nations Security 
Council Resolutions relating to inspection and destruction of 
weapons of mass destruction in Iraq unless such operations are 
specifically authorized by a law enacted after the date of the 
enactment of this Act.
          * * * * * * *

            TITLE II--EMERGENCY SUPPLEMENTAL APPROPRIATIONS

          * * * * * * *

                               CHAPTER 2

                    United States Information Agency

                 international broadcasting operations

    For an additional amount for ``International Broadcasting 
Operations'', $5,000,000, to remain available until September 
30, 1999, for a grant to Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty for 
surrogate radio broadcasting to the Iraqi people: Provided, 
That such broadcasting shall be designated ``Radio Free Iraq'': 
Provided further, That within 30 days of enactment into law of 
this Act the Broadcasting Board of Governors shall submit a 
detailed report to the appropriate committees of Congress on 
plans to establish a surrogate broadcasting service to Iraq: 
Provided further, That such amount is designated by Congress as 
an emergency requirement pursuant to section 251(b)(2)(A) of 
the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985, 
as amended: Provided further, That the entire amount shall be 
available only to the extent that an official budget request 
for a specific dollar amount, that includes designation of the 
entire amount of the request as an emergency requirement as 
defined in the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control 
Act of 1985, as amended, is transmitted by the President to 
Congress.
          * * * * * * *

                 TITLE III--SUPPLEMENTAL APPROPRIATIONS

          * * * * * * *
    Sec. 10008. Support for Democratic Opposition in Iraq. 
Notwithstanding any other provision of law, of the funds made 
available under the heading ``Economic Support Fund'' in Public 
Law 105-118, $5,000,000 shall be made available for assistance 
to the Iraqi democratic opposition for such activities as 
organization, training, communication and dissemination of 
information, developing and implementing agreements among 
opposition groups, compiling information to support the 
indictment of Iraqi officials for war crimes, and for related 
purposes: Provided, That within 30 days of enactment into law 
of this Act the Secretary of State shall submit a detailed 
report to the appropriate committees of Congress on plans to 
establish a program to support the democratic opposition in 
Iraq.
    This Act may be cited as the ``1998 Supplemental 
Appropriations and Rescissions Act''.
            (3) Iran-Iraq Arms Non-Proliferation Act of 1992

  Title XVI of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 
1993 [Public Law 102-484; H.R. 5006], 106 Stat. 2315 at 2571, approved 
   October 23, 1992; amended by Public Law 104-106 [National Defense 
   Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1996; S. 1124], 110 Stat. 186, 
                       approved February 10, 1996

      TITLE XVI--IRAN-IRAQ ARMS NON-PROLIFERATION ACT OF 1992 \1\

SEC. 1601. SHORT TITLE.

    This title may be cited as the ``Iran-Iraq Arms Non-
Proliferation Act of 1992''.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \1\ 50 U.S.C. 1701 note. In a September 27, 1994, memorandum for 
the Secretary of State, the President delegated all functions vested in 
the President by this title to the Secretary of State, in consultation 
with the Secretaries of Defense, Treasury, Commerce, the Director of 
the Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, and other heads of appropriate 
departments and agencies (59 F.R. 50685).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

SEC. 1602. UNITED STATES POLICY.

    (a) In General.--It shall be the policy of the United 
States to oppose, and urgently to seek the agreement of other 
nations also to oppose, any transfer to Iran or Iraq of any 
goods or technology, including dual-use goods or technology, 
wherever that transfer could materially contribute to either 
country's acquiring chemical, biological, nuclear, or 
destabilizing numbers and types of advanced conventional 
weapons.
    (b) Sanctions.--(1) In the furtherance of this policy, the 
President shall apply sanctions and controls with respect to 
Iran, Iraq, and those nations and persons who assist them in 
acquiring weapons of mass destruction in accordance with the 
Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, the Nuclear Non-Proliferation 
Act of 1978, the Chemical and Biological Weapons Control and 
Warfare Elimination Act of 1991, chapter 7 of the Arms Export 
Control Act, and other relevant statutes, regarding the non-
proliferation of weapons of mass destruction and the means of 
their delivery.
    (2) The President should also urgently seek the agreement 
of other nations to adopt and institute, at the earliest 
practicable date, sanctions and controls comparable to those 
the United States is obligated to apply under this subsection.
    (c) Public Identification.--The Congress calls on the 
President to identify publicly (in the report required by 
section 1607) any country or person that transfers goods or 
technology to Iran or Iraq contrary to the policy set forth in 
subsection (a).

SEC. 1603. APPLICATION TO IRAN OF CERTAIN IRAQ SANCTIONS.

    The sanctions against Iraq specified in paragraphs (1) 
through (4) of section 586G(a) of the Iraq Sanctions Act of 
1990 (as contained in Public Law 101-513),\2\ including denial 
of export licenses for United States persons and prohibitions 
on United States Government sales, shall be applied to the same 
extent and in the same manner with respect to Iran.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \2\ For text of the Iraq Sanctions Act of 1990, see beginning at 
page 30.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

SEC. 1604. SANCTIONS AGAINST CERTAIN PERSONS.

    (a) Prohibition.--If any person transfers or retransfers 
goods or technology so as to contribute knowingly and 
materially to the efforts by Iran or Iraq (or any agency or 
instrumentality of either such country) to acquire chemical, 
biological, or nuclear weapons or \3\ to acquire destabilizing 
numbers and types of advanced conventional weapons, then the 
sanctions described in subsection (b) shall be imposed.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \3\ Sec. 1408(a) of the National Defense Authorization Act for 
Fiscal Year 1996 (Public Law 104-106; 110 Stat. 494), inserted ``to 
acquire chemical, biological, or nuclear weapons or'' before ``to 
acquire''.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    (b) Mandatory Sanctions.--The sanctions to be imposed 
pursuant to subsection (a) are as follows:
          (1) Procurement sanction.--For a period of two years, 
        the United States Government shall not procure, or 
        enter into any contract for the procurement of, any 
        goods or services from the sanctioned person.
          (2) Export sanction.--For a period of two years, the 
        United States Government shall not issue any license 
        for any export by or to the sanctioned person.

SEC. 1605. SANCTIONS AGAINST CERTAIN FOREIGN COUNTRIES.

    (a) Prohibition.--If the President determines that the 
government of any foreign country transfers or retransfers 
goods or technology so as to contribute knowingly and 
materially to the efforts by Iran or Iraq (or any agency or 
instrumentality of either such country) to acquire chemical, 
biological, or nuclear weapons or \4\ to acquire destabilizing 
numbers and types of advanced conventional weapons, then--
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \4\ Sec. 1408(b) of the National Defense Authorization Act for 
Fiscal Year 1996 (Public Law 104-106; 110 Stat. 494) inserted ``to 
acquire chemical, biological, or nuclear weapons or'' before ``to 
acquire''.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
          (1) the sanctions described in subsection (b) shall 
        be imposed on such country; and
          (2) in addition, the President may apply, in the 
        discretion of the President, the sanction described in 
        subsection (c).
    (b) Mandatory Sanctions.--Except as provided in paragraph 
(2), the sanctions to be imposed pursuant to subsection (a)(1) 
are as follows:
          (1) Suspension of united states assistance.--The 
        United States Government shall suspend, for a period of 
        one year, United States assistance to the sanctioned 
        country.
          (2) Multilateral development bank assistance.--The 
        Secretary of the Treasury shall instruct the United 
        States Executive Director to each appropriate 
        international financial institution to oppose, and vote 
        against, for a period of one year, the extension by 
        such institution of any loan or financial or technical 
        assistance to the sanctioned country.
          (3) Suspension of codevelopment or coproduction 
        agreements.--The United States shall suspend, for a 
        period of one year, compliance with its obligations 
        under any memorandum of understanding with the 
        sanctioned country for the codevelopment or 
        coproduction of any item on the United States Munitions 
        List (established under section 38 of the Arms Export 
        Control Act), including any obligation for 
        implementation of the memorandum of understanding 
        through the sale to the sanctioned country of technical 
        data or assistance or the licensing for export to the 
        sanctioned country of any component part.
          (4) Suspension of military and dual-use technical 
        exchange agreements.--The United States shall suspend, 
        for a period of one year, compliance with its 
        obligations under any technical exchange agreement 
        involving military and dual-use technology between the 
        United States and the sanctioned country that does not 
        directly contribute to the security of the United 
        States, and no military or dual-use technology may be 
        exported from the United States to the sanctioned 
        country pursuant to that agreement during that period.
          (5) United states munitions list.--No item on the 
        United States Munitions List (established pursuant to 
        section 38 of the Arms Export Control Act) may be 
        exported to the sanctioned country for a period of one 
        year.
    (c) Discretionary Sanction.--The sanction referred to in 
subsection (a)(2) is as follows:
          (1) Use of authorities of international emergency 
        economic powers act.--Except as provided in paragraph 
        (2), the President may exercise, in accordance with the 
        provisions of that Act, the authorities of the 
        International Emergency Economic Powers Act with 
        respect to the sanctioned country.
          (2) Exception.--Paragraph (1) does not apply with 
        respect to urgent humanitarian assistance.

SEC. 1606. WAIVER.

    The President may waive the requirement to impose a 
sanction described in section 1603, in the case of Iran, or a 
sanction described in section 1604(b) or 1605(b), in the case 
of Iraq and Iran, 15 days after the President determines and so 
reports to the Committees on Armed Services and Foreign 
Relations of the Senate and the Committees on Armed Services 
and Foreign Affairs \5\ of the House of Representatives that it 
is essential to the national interest of the United States to 
exercise such waiver authority. Any such report shall provide a 
specific and detailed rationale for such determination.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \5\ Sec. 1(a)(1) of Public Law 104-14 (109 Stat. 186) provided that 
references to the Committee on Armed Services of the House of 
Representatives shall be treated as referring to the Committee on 
National Security of the House of Representatives. Sec. 1(a)(5) of that 
Act provided that references to the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the 
House of Representatives shall be treated as referring to the Committee 
on International Relations of the House of Representatives. The 
Committee on National Security subsequently returned to the name 
``Committee on Armed Services''; see sec. 1067 of Public Law 106-65 
(113 Stat. 774).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

SEC. 1607. REPORTING REQUIREMENT.

    (a) Annual Report.--Beginning one year after the date of 
the enactment of this Act, and every 12 months thereafter, the 
President shall submit to the Committees on Armed Services and 
Foreign Relations of the Senate and the Committees on Armed 
Services and Foreign Affairs \5\ of the House of 
Representatives a report detailing--
          (1) all transfers or retransfers made by any person 
        or foreign government during the preceding 12-month 
        period which are subject to any sanction under this 
        title; and
          (2) the actions the President intends to undertake or 
        has undertaken pursuant to this title with respect to 
        each such transfer.
    (b) Report on Individual Transfers.--Whenever the President 
determines that a person or foreign government has made a 
transfer which is subject to any sanction under this title, the 
President shall, within 30 days after such transfer, submit to 
the Committees on Armed Services and Foreign Relations of the 
Senate and the Committees on Armed Services and Foreign Affairs 
\5\ of the House of Representatives a report--
          (1) identifying the person or government and 
        providing the details of the transfer; and
          (2) describing the actions the President intends to 
        undertake or has undertaken under the provisions of 
        this title with respect to each such transfer.
    (c) Form of Transmittal.--Reports required by this section 
may be submitted in classified as well as in unclassified form.

SEC. 1608. DEFINITIONS.

    For purposes of this title:
          (1) The term ``advanced conventional weapons'' 
        includes--
                  (A) such long-range precision-guided 
                munitions, fuel air explosives, cruise 
                missiles, low observability aircraft, other 
                radar evading aircraft, advanced military 
                aircraft, military satellites, electromagnetic 
                weapons, and laser weapons as the President 
                determines destabilize the military balance or 
                enhance offensive capabilities in destabilizing 
                ways;
                  (B) such advanced command, control, and 
                communications systems, electronic warfare 
                systems, or intelligence collection systems as 
                the President determines destabilize the 
                military balance or enhance offensive 
                capabilities in destabilizing ways; and
                  (C) such other items or systems as the 
                President may, by regulation, determine 
                necessary for purposes of this title.
          (2) The term ``cruise missile'' means guided missiles 
        that use aerodynamic lift to offset gravity and 
        propulsion to counteract drag.
          (3) The term ``goods or technology'' means--
                  (A) any article, natural or manmade 
                substance, material, supply, or manufactured 
                product, including inspection and test 
                equipment; and
                  (B) any information and know-how (whether in 
                tangible form, such as models, prototypes, 
                drawings, sketches, diagrams, blueprints, or 
                manuals, or in intangible form, such as 
                training or technical services) that can be 
                used to design, produce, manufacture, utilize, 
                or reconstruct goods, including computer 
                software and technical data.
          (4) The term ``person'' means any United States or 
        foreign individual, partnership, corporation, or other 
        form of association, or any of their successor 
        entities, parents, or subsidiaries.
          (5) The term ``sanctioned country'' means a country 
        against which sanctions are required to be imposed 
        pursuant to section 1605.
          (6) The term ``sanctioned person'' means a person 
        that makes a transfer described in section 1604(a).
          (7) The term ``United States assistance'' means--
                  (A) \6\ any assistance under the Foreign 
                Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2151 et 
                seq.), other than urgent humanitarian 
                assistance or medicine.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \6\ Sec. 1408(c) of the National Defense Authorization Act for 
Fiscal Year 1996 (Public Law 104-106; 110 Stat. 494) amended and 
restated subpara. (A). It formerly read as follows:
    ``(A) any assistance under the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, 
other than--
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

          ``(i) urgent humanitarian assistance or medicine, and
          ``(ii) assistance under chapter 11 of part I (as enacted by 
        the Freedom for Russia and Emerging Eurasian Democracies and 
        Open Markets Support Act of 1992);''.
                  (B) sales and assistance under the Arms 
                Export Control Act;
                  (C) financing by the Commodity Credit 
                Corporation for export sales of agricultural 
                commodities; and
                  (D) financing under the Export-Import Bank 
                Act.
  (4) Persian Gulf Conflict Supplemental Authorization and Personnel 
                          Benefits Act of 1991

  Partial text of Public Law 102-25 [S. 725], 105 Stat. 75, approved 
   April 6, 1991; as amended by Public Law 102-190 [National Defense 
Authorization Act for Fiscal Years 1992 and 1993; 105 Stat. 1508], 105 
  Stat. 1290, approved December 5, 1991; Public Law 102-484 [National 
 Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1993; H.R. 5006], 106 Stat. 
  2315, approved October 23, 1992; and by Public Law 104-66 [Federal 
  Reports Elimination and Sunset Act of 1995; S. 790], 109 Stat. 707, 
                       approved December 21, 1995

AN ACT Entitled the ``Persian Gulf Conflict Supplemental Authorization 
                 and Personnel Benefits Act of 1991''.

    Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of 
the United States of America in Congress assembled,

SECTION 1.\1\ SHORT TITLE

    This Act may be cited as the ``Persian Gulf Conflict 
Supplemental Authorization and Personnel Benefits Act of 
1991''.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \1\ 10 U.S.C. 101 note.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

SEC. 2.\2\ TABLE OF CONTENTS * * *
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \2\ For full text, see 105 Stat. 75.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

SEC. 3.\1\ DEFINITIONS

    For the purposes of this Act:
          (1) The term ``Operation Desert Storm'' means 
        operations of United States Armed Forces conducted as a 
        consequence of the invasion of Kuwait by Iraq 
        (including operations known as Operation Desert Shield, 
        Operation Desert Storm, and Operation Provide 
        Comfort).\3\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \3\ Sec. 1203 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal 
Years 1992 and 1993 (Public Law 102-190; 105 Stat. 1508) struck out 
``Operation Desert Shield and Operation Desert Storm'' and inserted in 
lieu thereof ``Operation Desert Shield, Operation Desert Storm, and 
Operation Provide Comfort''.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
          (2) The term ``incremental costs associated with 
        Operation Desert Storm'' means costs referred to in 
        section 251(b)(2)(D)(ii) of the Balanced Budget and 
        Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985 (2 U.S.C. 
        901(b)(2)(D)(ii)).
          (3) The term ``Persian Gulf conflict'' means the 
        period beginning on August 2, 1990, and ending 
        thereafter on the date prescribed by Presidential 
        proclamation or by law.
          (4) The term ``congressional defense committees'' has 
        the meaning given that term in section 3 of the 
        National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1991 
        (Public Law 101-510; 104 Stat. 1498).

SEC. 4. CONSTRUCTION WITH PUBLIC LAW 101-510.

    Any authorization of appropriations, or authorization of 
the transfer of authorizations of appropriations, made by this 
Act is in addition to the authorization of appropriations, or 
the authority to make transfers, provided in the National 
Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1991 (Public Law 101-
510).

TITLE I--AUTHORIZATION OF FISCAL YEAR 1991 SUPPLEMENTAL APPROPRIATIONS 
                       FOR OPERATION DESERT STORM

SEC. 101.\4\ FUNDS IN THE DEFENSE COOPERATION ACCOUNT

    (a) Authorization of Appropriation.--During fiscal years 
1991, 1992, and 1993,\5\ there is authorized to be appropriated 
to the Department of Defense current and future balances in the 
Defense Cooperation Account established under section 2608 of 
title 10, United States Code.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \4\ Secs. 1202, 1203, and 1204 of Public Law 102-484 (106 Stat. 
2542) provided the following:
    ``sec. 1202. authorization of appropriations for fiscal year 1992.
    ``(a) Authorization of Appropriations.--There is authorized to be 
appropriated to the Department of Defense for fiscal year 1992 in 
accordance with subsection (a) of section 101 of Public Law 102-25 (105 
Stat. 78), to be available under subsection (b)(1) of such section, the 
sum of $429,000,000 for military personnel as follows:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

          ``(1) Army.--For the Army, $399,000,000.
          ``(2) Navy.--For the Navy, $30,000,000.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    ``(b) Increased Limitation on Authority for Transfer of Fiscal Year 
1992 Authorizations.--The total amount of the transfer authority 
provided for the Secretary of Defense for fiscal year 1992 in Public 
Law 102-190 or any other Act is increased by the amounts of the funds 
appropriated pursuant to subsection (a) that are transferred to fiscal 
year 1992 appropriations accounts pursuant to sections 101 and 102(c) 
of Public Law 102-25, as amended by section 1201.
    ``sec. 1203. authorization of appropriations for fiscal year 1993.
    ``(a) Authorization of Appropriations.--There is authorized to be 
appropriated to the Department of Defense for fiscal year 1993 in 
accordance with subsection (a) of section 101 of Public Law 102-25 (105 
Stat. 78), to be available under subsection (b) of such section, the 
sum of $87,700,000 for military personnel as follows:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

          ``(1) Army.--For the Army, $29,300,000.
          ``(2) Navy.--For the Navy, $35,300,000.
          ``(3) Marine corps.--For the Marine Corps, $3,100,000.
          ``(4) Air force.--For the Air Force, $20,000,000.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    ``(b) Increased Limitation on Authority for Transfer of Fiscal Year 
1993 Authorizations.--The amount of the transfer authority provided in 
section 1001 is increased by the amounts of the funds appropriated 
pursuant to subsection (a) that are transferred to fiscal year 1993 
appropriations accounts pursuant to sections 101 and 102(c) of Public 
Law 102-25, as amended by section 1201.''
    ``sec. 1204. relationship to other authorizations.
    ``The authorizations of appropriations in sections 1202 and 1203 
are in addition to the amounts otherwise authorized to be appropriated 
to the Department of Defense for fiscal year 1992 and for fiscal year 
1993 by any other provision of this Act or by any other Act enacted 
before the date of the enactment of this Act.''.
    \5\ Sec. 1201(a) of Public Law 102-190 (105 Stat. 1506) struck out 
``fiscal year 1991'' each place it appeared in secs. 101 and 102, and 
inserted in lieu thereof ``fiscal years 1991 and 1992''.
    Subsequently, sec. 1201 of Public Law 102-484 (106 Stat. 2542) 
struck out ``fiscal years 1991 and 1992'' each place it appeared in 
secs. 101, 102(c) and 106, and inserted in lieu thereof ``fiscal years 
1991, 1992, and 1993''.
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    (b) Use of Funds.--Amounts appropriated pursuant to 
subsection (a) shall be available only for--
          (1) transfer by the Secretary of Defense to fiscal 
        years 1991, 1992, and 1993 \5\ appropriation accounts 
        of the Department of Defense or Coast Guard for 
        incremental costs associated with Operation Desert 
        Storm; and
          (2) replenishment of the Persian Gulf Regional 
        Defense Fund created under section 102.

SEC. 102. PERSIAN GULF REGIONAL DEFENSE FUND \6\

    (a) Establishment of Account.--There is established in the 
Treasury of the United States a working capital account for the 
Department of Defense to be known as the ``Persian Gulf 
Regional Defense Fund''.\6\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \6\ Sec. 1201(d)(1) of Public Law 102-190 (105 Stat. 1506) amended 
secs. 102 and 203(b) to read ``Persian Gulf Regional Defense Fund'' in 
lieu of ``Persian Gulf Conflict Working Capital Account'', each place 
it appeared.
    Sec. 1201(d)(2) of that Act made similar technical amendments in 
secs. 101(b)(2), 102(d), and 105(b)(4), by striking out `` working 
capital account'' each place it appeared and inserting in lieu thereof 
``Persian Gulf Regional Defense Fund''.
    Public Law 102-368 (106 Stat. 1124) subsequently terminated the 
Persian Gulf Regional Defense Fund with the following:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

                  ``Persian Gulf Regional Defense Fund

                             ``(rescission)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    ``Of the funds made available under this heading in the Operation 
Desert Shield/Desert Storm Supplemental Appropriations Act, 1991 
(Public Law 102-28; 105 Stat. 161), $14,696,040,000 is hereby 
rescinded: Provided, That the Persian Gulf Regional Defense Fund is 
hereby terminated.''.
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    (b) Authorization of Appropriations.--During fiscal years 
1991 and 1992,\5\ there is authorized to be appropriated to the 
Persian Gulf Regional Defense Fund \6\ the sum of 
$15,000,000,000.
    (c) Use of Funds.--Funds appropriated pursuant to 
subsection (b) shall be available only for transfer by the 
Secretary of Defense to fiscal years 1991, 1992, and 1993 \5\ 
appropriation accounts of the Department of Defense or Coast 
Guard for the incremental costs associated with Operation 
Desert Storm. Such funds may be used for that purpose only to 
the extent that funds are not available in the Defense 
Cooperation Account for transfer for such incremental costs.
    (d) Replenishment of Account.--Amounts transferred from the 
Persian Gulf Regional Defense Fund \6\ shall be replenished 
from funds available in the Defense Cooperation Account to the 
extent that funds are available in the Defense Cooperation 
Account. Whenever the balance in the Persian Gulf Regional 
Defense Fund \6\ is less than the amount appropriated to that 
account pursuant to this section, the Secretary shall transfer 
from the Defense Cooperation Account such funds as become 
available to the account to replenish the Persian Gulf Regional 
Defense Fund \6\ before making any transfer of such funds under 
sections 101 and 102.
    (e) Reversion of Balance Upon Termination of Account.--Any 
balance in the Persian Gulf Regional Defense Fund \6\ at the 
time of the termination of the account shall revert to the 
general fund of the Treasury.

SEC. 103. ADDITIONAL TRANSFER AUTHORITY

    The amount of the transfer authority provided in section 
1401 of Public Law 101-510 is hereby increased by the amount of 
such transfers as the Secretary of Defense makes pursuant to 
law (other than Public Law 101-511) to make adjustments among 
amounts provided in titles I and II of Public Law 101-511 due 
to incremental costs associated with Operation Desert Storm.

SEC. 104. ADMINISTRATION OF TRANSFERS

    A transfer made under the authority of section 101 or 102 
increases by the amount of the transfer the amount authorized 
for the account to which the transfer is made.

SEC. 105.\7\ NOTICE TO CONGRESS OF TRANSFERS

    (a) Notice-and-Wait.--A transfer may not be made under 
section 101 or 102 until the seventh day after the 
congressional defense committees receive a report with respect 
to that transfer under subsection (b).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \7\ Sec. 1201(b) of Public Law 102-190 (105 Stat. 1506) made this 
section applicable only to appropriations provided in Public Law 102-
28.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    (b) Content of Report.--A report under subsection (a) shall 
include the following:
          (1) A certification by the Secretary of Defense that 
        the amount or amounts proposed to be transferred will 
        be used only for incremental costs associated with 
        Operation Desert Storm.
          (2) A statement of each account to which the transfer 
        is proposed to be made and the amount proposed to be 
        transferred to such account.
          (3) A description of the programs, projects, and 
        activities for which funds proposed to be transferred 
        are proposed to be used.
          (4) In the case of a transfer from the Persian Gulf 
        Regional Defense Fund \6\ established under section 
        102, an explanation of the reasons why funds are not 
        available in the Defense Cooperation Account for such 
        transfer.

SEC. 106. MONTHLY REPORTS ON TRANSFERS

    Not later than seven days after the end of each month in 
fiscal years 1991, 1992, and 1993,\5\ the Secretary of Defense 
shall submit to the congressional defense committees and the 
Comptroller General of the United States a detailed report on 
the cumulative total amount of the transfers made under the 
authority of this title through the end of that month.

  TITLE II--WAIVER OF PERSONNEL CEILINGS AFFECTED BY OPERATION DESERT 
                                 STORM

          * * * * * * *

SEC. 203. AUTHORIZATION FROM DEFENSE COOPERATION ACCOUNT

    (a) Authorization.--In addition to authorizations under 
section 101, there is hereby authorized to be appropriated from 
the Defense Cooperation Account such sums as may be necessary 
for increases in military personnel costs for fiscal years 1991 
through 1995 resulting from the exercise of the authorities 
provided in section 201. Such increases in costs are 
incremental costs associated with Operation Desert Storm.
    (b) Use of Funds.--Funds appropriated to the Persian Gulf 
Regional Defense Fund \6\ pursuant to section 102(b) may be 
used for the purposes described in subsection (a) to the extent 
provided in section 102(c).
    (c) Reporting.--Funds obligated for the purposes described 
in subsection (a) shall be included in the reports required by 
section 106.

SEC. 204. CONFORMING REPEAL

    Section 1117 of the National Defense Authorization Act for 
Fiscal Year 1991 (Public Law 101-510; 104 Stat. 1637) \8\ is 
repealed.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \8\ 10 U.S.C. 115 note. Sec. 1117 of Public Law 101-510, relating 
to end strength flexibility, may be found at 104 Stat. 1637.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
          * * * * * * *

 TITLE IV--REPORTS ON FOREIGN CONTRIBUTIONS AND THE COSTS OF OPERATION 
                            DESERT STORM \9\

SEC. 401. REPORTS ON UNITED STATES COSTS IN THE PERSIAN GULF CONFLICT 
                    AND FOREIGN CONTRIBUTIONS TO OFFSET SUCH COSTS
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \9\ 10 U.S.C. 113 note.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    (a) Reports Required.--The Director of the Office of 
Management and Budget shall prepare, in accordance with this 
section, periodic reports on the incremental costs associated 
with Operation Desert Storm and on the amounts of contributions 
made to the United States by foreign countries to offset those 
costs. The Director shall prepare the reports in consultation 
with the Secretary of Defense, the Secretary of State, the 
Secretary of the Treasury, and other appropriate Government 
officials.
    (b) Costs of Operation Desert Storm.--
          (1) Period costs and cumulative costs.--Each report 
        prepared under subsection (a) shall specify--
                  (A) the incremental costs associated with 
                Operation Desert Storm that were incurred 
                during the period covered by the report; and
                  (B) the cumulative total of such costs, by 
                fiscal year, from August 1, 1990, to the end of 
                the period covered by the report.
          (2) Nonrecurring costs and costs offset.--In 
        specifying the incremental costs associated with 
        Operation Desert Storm that were incurred during the 
        period covered by a report and the total of such costs, 
        the Director shall separately identify those costs 
        that--
                  (A) are nonrecurring costs;
                  (B) are offset by in-kind contributions; or
                  (C) are offset (or proposed to be offset) by 
                the realignment, reprogramming, or transfer of 
                funds appropriated for activities unrelated to 
                the Persian Gulf conflict.
    (c) Specific Cost Areas.--Each report prepared under 
subsection (a) on the incremental costs associated with 
Operation Desert Storm shall specify an allocation of the total 
amount of such costs among the military departments, the 
Defense Agencies of the Department of Defense, and the Office 
of the Secretary of Defense, by category, including the 
following categories:
          (1) Airlift.--Airlift costs related to the 
        transportation by air of personnel, equipment, and 
        supplies.
          (2) Sealift.--Sealift costs related to the 
        transportation by sea of personnel, equipment, and 
        supplies.
          (3) Personnel.--Personnel costs, including pay and 
        allowances of members of the reserve components of the 
        Armed Forces called or ordered to active duty and 
        increased pay and allowances of members of the regular 
        components of the Armed Forces incurred because of 
        deployment in connection with Operation Desert Storm.
          (4) Personnel support.--Personnel support costs, 
        including subsistence, uniforms, and medical costs.
          (5) Operating support.--Operating support costs, 
        including equipment support costs, costs associated 
        with increased operational tempo, spare parts, stock 
        fund purchases, communications, and equipment 
        maintenance.
          (6) Fuel.--Fuel costs.
          (7) Procurement.--Procurement costs, including 
        ammunition, weapon systems improvements and upgrades, 
        and equipment purchases.
          (8) Military construction.--Military construction 
        costs.
    (d) Contributions to the United States.--
          (1) Amount of contributions.--Each report prepared 
        under subsection (a) shall specify the amount of 
        contributions made to the United States by each foreign 
        country that is making contributions to defray the cost 
        to the United States of Operation Desert Storm. The 
        amount of each country's contribution during the period 
        covered by each report, as well as the cumulative total 
        of such contributions made before the date of the 
        report, shall be indicated as follows:
                  (A) Cash payments pledged.
                  (B) Cash payments received.
                  (C) Description and value of in-kind 
                contributions pledged.
                  (D) Description and value of in-kind 
                contributions received.
          (2) Pledge period and use restrictions.--In 
        specifying the amount of each contribution pledged, the 
        Director shall indicate--
                  (A) the time period, if any, for which that 
                contribution applies; and
                  (B) any restrictions on the use of that 
                contribution.
    (e) Submission of Reports.--
          (1) First report.--The first report required by 
        subsection (a) shall be submitted to the Congress not 
        later than 14 days after the date of the enactment of 
        this Act and shall cover the period beginning on August 
        1, 1990, and ending on December 31, 1990.
          (2) Second report.--The second report shall be 
        submitted to the Congress not later than 21 days after 
        the date of the enactment of this Act and shall cover--
                  (A) January and February 1991, with respect 
                to information required under subsections (b) 
                and (c); and
                  (B) January, February, and March 1991, with 
                respect to information required under 
                subsection (d).
          (3) Subsequent monthly reports.--A report shall be 
        submitted to Congress not later than the 15th day of 
        each month after April 1991 and shall cover--
                  (A) the month before the preceding month, in 
                the case of information required under 
                subsections (b) and (c); and
                  (B) the preceding month, in the case of 
                information required under subsection (d).
          (4) Final report.--The final report shall be 
        submitted not later than November 15, 1992, and shall 
        include--
                  (A) the information required under 
                subsections (b) and (c) relating to the month 
                of September 1992; and
                  (B) a summary of all information that was 
                included in reports submitted under this 
                section.

SEC. 402. REPORTS ON FOREIGN CONTRIBUTIONS IN RESPONSE TO THE PERSIAN 
                    GULF CRISIS

    (a) Reports Required.--The Secretary of State and the 
Secretary of the Treasury shall jointly prepare periodic 
reports on the contributions made by foreign countries as part 
of the international response to the Persian Gulf crisis. The 
Secretaries shall prepare the reports in consultation with the 
Secretary of Defense and other appropriate Federal Government 
officials.
    (b) Information To Be Provided.--Each report required by 
this section shall include the following information for each 
foreign country making contributions as part of the 
international response to the Persian Gulf crisis:
          (1) Participation in the international military 
        coalition.--In the case of each foreign country whose 
        armed forces are participating in the international 
        military coalition confronting Iraq, a description of 
        the forces committed in terms of personnel, units, and 
        equipment deployed, and any information available 
        regarding the aggregate amount of the incremental costs 
        associated with such country's participation.
          (2) Contributions to those countries significantly 
        affected by the persian gulf crisis.--Any information 
        available on--
                  (A) any additional special assistance 
                (financial, in-kind, or host-country support) 
                pledged as a contribution to each of those 
                countries significantly affected by the Persian 
                Gulf crisis; and
                  (B) the value and a description of the types 
                of such assistance received by each such 
                country.
        The information provided pursuant to this paragraph 
        shall include information on such assistance as 
        reported to the Gulf Crisis Financial Coordination 
        Group.
          (3) Contributions to other military forces.--The 
        value and nature of any assistance (financial, in-kind, 
        or host-country support) made to each foreign country 
        referred to in paragraph (1), other than the United 
        States, to defray costs of military operations 
        conducted by the armed forces of such foreign country 
        in connection with Operation Desert Storm.
          (4) Contributions to international organizations.--
        Any information available on the value and nature of 
        contributions pledged--
                  (A) to any United Nations organization,
                  (B) to the International Committee of the Red 
                Cross, and
                  (C) to the extent the Secretary of State 
                considers appropriate, to other international 
                or nongovernmental organizations, for the 
                purpose of dealing with consequences of the 
                Persian Gulf crisis (including contributions 
                for such purposes as furnishing humanitarian 
                assistance for displaced persons or furnishing 
                assistance for responding to oil spills), and 
                the value and nature of such contributions 
                received by each such organization.
          (5) Other forms of contributions.--A description of 
        international agreements entered into by the United 
        States as a result of the Persian Gulf crisis, and a 
        description of prepositioning rights, base or other 
        military facilities access rights, or air transit 
        rights granted to the United States as a result of the 
        Persian Gulf crisis.
          (6) Contributions to other foreign countries.--Any 
        information available on the types of any additional 
        assistance (financial, in-kind, or host-country 
        support) pledged and received as a contribution to 
        other foreign countries as a result of the Persian Gulf 
        crisis.
          (7) Cumulative totals.--Each report submitted 
        pursuant to subsection (c) shall include cumulative 
        totals for, and any information available on the 
        aggregate value of, the contributions that have been 
        pledged, and the contributions that have been paid or 
        otherwise delivered, by each foreign country as of the 
        end of the calendar quarter covered by that report.
    (c) Submission of Reports.--
          (1) Time for submission, period covered.--(A) A 
        report prepared pursuant to subsection (a) shall be 
        submitted to the Congress not later than 30 days after 
        the date of the enactment of this Act with respect to 
        the contributions pledged and the contributions paid or 
        otherwise delivered during the period beginning on 
        August 1, 1990, and ending on December 31, 1990.
          (B) A report prepared pursuant to subsection (a) 
        shall be submitted to the Congress not later than 30 
        days after the date of the enactment of this Act with 
        respect to the contributions pledged and the 
        contributions paid or otherwise delivered during the 
        period beginning on January 1, 1991, and ending on 
        March 31, 1991.
          (C) Subsequent reports prepared pursuant to 
        subsection (a) shall be submitted to the Congress not 
        later than the 15th day after the end of each calendar 
        quarter in 1991 with respect to the contributions 
        pledged and the contributions paid or otherwise 
        delivered during that calendar quarter.
          (D) A final report shall be submitted to the Congress 
        not later than November 15, 1992, and shall contain a 
        summary of all information relating to the 
        contributions pledged and the contributions paid or 
        otherwise delivered that was included in reports 
        submitted under this paragraph.
    (d) Definitions.--In this section:
          (1) The term ``countries significantly affected by 
        the Persian Gulf crisis'' means Egypt, Jordan, Turkey, 
        and Israel, and any other country whose economy the 
        President determines is significantly affected by the 
        Persian Gulf crisis.
          (2) The term ``Persian Gulf crisis'' means the 
        military conflict, the United Nations Security Council 
        embargo against Iraq, and other consequences associated 
        with Iraq's invasion and occupation of Kuwait and its 
        failure to comply with the resolutions of the Security 
        Council.
          (3) The term ``Gulf Crisis Financial Coordination 
        Group'' means the organization established by the 
        President on September 25, 1990 for coordinating 
        economic assistance in response to the Persian Gulf 
        crisis.

SEC. 403. FORM OF REPORTS

    The reports required to be submitted to the Congress 
pursuant to this title shall be submitted in unclassified form 
to the extent practicable, with a classified annex if 
necessary.

      TITLE V--REPORT ON THE CONDUCT OF THE PERSIAN GULF CONFLICT

SEC. 501. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE REPORT ON THE CONDUCT OF THE PERSIAN 
                    GULF CONFLICT

    (a) Report Required.--Not later than January 15, 1992, the 
Secretary of Defense shall submit to the congressional defense 
committees a report on the conduct of the hostilities in the 
Persian Gulf theater of operations. The Secretary shall submit 
to such committees a preliminary report on the conduct of those 
hostilities not later than July 1, 1991. The report (including 
the preliminary report) shall be prepared in consultation with 
the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and the Commander in 
Chief, United States Central Command.
    (b) Discussion of Accomplishments and Shortcomings.--The 
report (and the preliminary report, to the extent feasible) 
shall contain a discussion, with a particular emphasis on 
accomplishments and shortcomings, of the following matters:
          (1) The military objectives of the multinational 
        coalition.
          (2) The military strategy of the multinational 
        coalition to achieve those military objectives and how 
        the military strategy contributed to the achievement of 
        those objectives.
          (3) The deployment of United States forces and the 
        transportation of supplies to the theater of 
        operations, including an assessment of airlift, 
        sealift, afloat prepositioning ships, and Maritime 
        Prepositioning Squadron ships.
          (4) The conduct of military operations.
          (5) The use of special operations forces, including 
        operational and intelligence uses classified under 
        special access procedures.
          (6) The employment and performance of United States 
        military equipment, weapon systems, and munitions 
        (including items classified under special access 
        procedures) and an analysis of--
                  (A) any equipment or capabilities that were 
                in research and development and if available 
                could have been used in the theater of 
                operations; and
                  (B) any equipment or capabilities that were 
                available and could have been used but were not 
                introduced into the theater of operations.
          (7) The scope of logistics support, including support 
        from other nations, with particular emphasis on medical 
        support provided in the theater of operations.
          (8) The acquisition policy actions taken to support 
        the forces in the theater of operations.
          (9) The personnel management actions taken to support 
        the forces in the theater of operations.
          (10) The role of women in the theater of operations.
          (11) The effectiveness of reserve component forces, 
        including a discussion of each of the following 
        matters:
                  (A) The readiness and activation of such 
                forces.
                  (B) The decisionmaking process regarding both 
                activation of reserve component forces and 
                deployment of those forces to the theater of 
                operations.
                  (C) The post-activation training received by 
                such forces.
                  (D) The integration of forces and equipment 
                of reserve component forces into the active 
                component forces.
                  (E) The use and performance of the reserve 
                component forces in operations in the theater 
                of operations.
                  (F) The use and performance of such forces at 
                duty stations outside the theater of 
                operations.
          (12) The role of the law of armed conflict in the 
        planning and execution of military operations by United 
        States forces and the other coalition forces and the 
        effects on operations of Iraqi compliance or 
        noncompliance with the law of armed conflict, including 
        a discussion regarding each of the following matters:
                  (A) Taking of hostages.
                  (B) Treatment of civilians in occupied 
                territory.
                  (C) Collateral damage and civilian 
                casualties.
                  (D) Treatment of prisoners of war.
                  (E) Repatriation of prisoners of war.
                  (F) Use of ruses and acts of perfidy.
                  (G) War crimes.
                  (H) Environmental terrorism.
                  (I) Conduct of neutral nations.
          (13) The actions taken by the coalition forces in 
        anticipation of, and in response to, Iraqi acts of 
        environmental terrorism.
          (14) The contributions of United States and coalition 
        intelligence and counterintelligence systems and 
        personnel, including contributions regarding bomb 
        damage assessments and particularly including United 
        States tactical intelligence and related activities 
        (TIARA) programs.
          (15) Command, control, communications, and 
        operational security of the coalition forces as a 
        whole, and command, control, communications, and 
        operational security of the United States forces.
          (16) The rules of engagement for the coalition 
        forces.
          (17) The actions taken to reduce the casualties among 
        coalition forces caused by the fire of such forces.
          (18) The role of supporting combatant commands and 
        Defense Agencies of the Department of Defense.
          (19) The policies and procedures relating to the 
        media, including the use of media pools.
          (20) The assignment of roles and missions to the 
        United States forces and other coalition forces and the 
        performance of those forces in carrying out their 
        assigned roles and missions.
          (21) The preparedness, including doctrine and 
        training, of the United States forces.
          (22) The acquisition of foreign military technology 
        from Iraq, and any compromise of military technology of 
        the United States or other countries in the 
        multinational coalition.
          (23) The problems posed by Iraqi possession and use 
        of equipment produced in the United States and other 
        coalition nations.
          (24) The use of deception by Iraqi forces and by 
        coalition forces.
          (25) The military criteria used to determine when to 
        progress from one phase of military operations to 
        another phase of military operations, including 
        transition from air superiority operations to 
        operations focused on degrading Iraqi forces, 
        transition to large-scale ground offensive operations, 
        and transition to cessation of hostilities.
          (26) The effects on the conduct of United States 
        military operations resulting from the implementation 
        of the Goldwater-Nichols Department of Defense 
        Reorganization Act of 1986.
    (c) Casualty Statistics.--The report (and the preliminary 
report, to the extent feasible) shall also contain (1) the 
number of military and civilian casualties sustained by 
coalition nations, and (2) estimates of such casualties 
sustained by Iraq and by nations not directly participating in 
the hostilities in the Persian Gulf area during the Persian 
Gulf Conflict.
    (d) Classification of Reports.--The Secretary of Defense 
shall submit both the report and the preliminary report in a 
classified form and an unclassified form.

                      TITLE VI--GENERAL PROVISIONS

          * * * * * * *

SEC. 606. SENSE OF CONGRESS CONCERNING BUSINESSES SEEKING TO 
                    PARTICIPATE IN THE REBUILDING OF KUWAIT

    (a) Findings.--The Congress finds as follows:
          (1) The Armed Forces of the United States, together 
        with allied forces, have successfully liberated Kuwait 
        and have restored the independence of that nation.
          (2) During the occupation of Kuwait by Iraq, much 
        damage was done to the infrastructure, environment, and 
        industrial capacity of Kuwait, and rebuilding of Kuwait 
        is desperately needed.
          (3) The principal test of a nation's commitment to 
        the liberation of Kuwait in the Persian Gulf conflict 
        was its willingness to provide military forces for the 
        liberation of Kuwait.
          (4) United States firms, including small and 
        minority-owned businesses, have expressed a significant 
        interest in participating in the rebuilding of Kuwait.
          (5) Small and minority-owned businesses face inherent 
        difficulties in competing in foreign markets and in 
        obtaining a share of contracts from foreign 
        governments, particularly those contracts that are 
        performed in distant parts of the world.
    (b) Sense of Congress Concerning Source Selection for 
Kuwait Contracts.--It is the sense of Congress that the Army 
Corps of Engineers and other Federal agencies should award 
contracts for the rebuilding of Kuwait, and, in recommending 
business firms to the Government of Kuwait for the award by it 
of such contracts, should encourage the Government of Kuwait to 
award such contracts, in accordance with the following 
priority:
          (1) First, to United States firms, including small 
        and minority-owned businesses, that are committed to 
        employing United States workers under the contract.
          (2) Second, to other United States firms.
          (3) Then, to firms from allied nations that committed 
        military forces to the liberation of Kuwait during the 
        Persian Gulf conflict.
    (c) Sense of Congress Concerning Selection of 
Subcontractors for Kuwait Contracts.--It is the sense of 
Congress that, when making recommendations to any contractor 
awarded a contract referred to in subsection (b) concerning the 
selection of firms for subcontracts under such contract, the 
Army Corps of Engineers shall encourage the contractor to 
select a firm or firms for the subcontract in accordance with 
the priority set out in subsection (b).
    (d) Sense of Congress Concerning Employees Under Kuwait 
Rebuilding Contracts.--It is the sense of Congress that any 
United States firm that receives a contract pertaining to the 
rebuilding of Kuwait--
          (1) should employ United States citizens to carry out 
        the contract; and
          (2) should provide a preference to veterans of the 
        Armed Forces in hiring for work on the contract.
    (e) Sense of Congress Concerning Small and Minority-Owned 
Business Participation in Kuwait Rebuilding Contracts.--It is 
the sense of Congress that--
          (1) the President, acting through the appropriate 
        Government agencies (including particularly the 
        agencies that will be engaged in source selections or 
        source recommendations as described in subsection (b)), 
        should take steps to provide assistance to United 
        States small and minority-owned businesses seeking to 
        be awarded contracts as part of the rebuilding of 
        Kuwait;
          (2) the Administrator of the Small Business 
        Administration and other appropriate Federal officials 
        should conduct a public information campaign to advise 
        small and minority-owned business firms with respect to 
        contracts for the rebuilding of Kuwait; and
          (3) United States firms that are awarded contracts 
        pertaining to the rebuilding of Kuwait should, to the 
        maximum extent practicable, seek to award subcontracts 
        for such contracts to United States small and minority-
        owned business firms.
    (f) \10\ * * * [Repealed--1995]
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \10\ Sec. 1021(c) of Public Law 104-66 (109 Stat. 707) repealed 
subsec. (f), which had required the President to report to Congress 
every four months on contracting for the rebuilding of Kuwait.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

SEC. 607. SENSE OF CONGRESS REGARDING USE OF UNITED STATES FUNDS FOR 
                    REBUILDING IRAQ

    It is the sense of Congress that none of the funds 
appropriated or otherwise made available by any provision of 
law may be obligated or expended, directly or indirectly, for 
the purpose of rebuilding Iraq while Saddam Hussein remains in 
power in Iraq.

SEC. 608.\11\ WITHHOLDING OF PAYMENTS TO INDIRECT-HIRE CIVILIAN 
                    PERSONNEL OF NONPAYING PLEDGING NATIONS

    (a) General Rule.--Effective as of the end of the six-month 
period beginning on the date of the enactment of this Act, the 
Secretary of Defense shall withhold payments to any nonpaying 
pledging nation that would otherwise be paid as reimbursements 
for expenses of indirect-hire civilian personnel of the 
Department of Defense in that nation.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \11\ 10 U.S.C. 113 note.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    (b) Nonpaying Pledging Nation Defined.--For purposes of 
this section, the term ``nonpaying pledging nation'' means a 
foreign nation that has pledged to the United States that it 
will make contributions to assist the United States in 
defraying the incremental costs of Operation Desert Shield and 
which has not paid to the United States the full amount so 
pledged.
    (c) Release of Withheld Amounts.--When a nation affected by 
subsection (a) has paid to the United States the full amount 
pledged, the Secretary of Defense shall release the amounts 
withheld from payment pursuant to subsection (a).
    (d) Waiver Authority.--The Secretary of Defense may waive 
the requirement in subsection (a) upon certification to 
Congress that the waiver is required in the national security 
interests of the United States.
          * * * * * * *

TITLE VIII--AUTHORIZATION OF SUPPLEMENTAL APPROPRIATIONS FOR DEPARTMENT 
       OF ENERGY NATIONAL SECURITY PROGRAMS FOR FISCAL YEAR 1991

SEC. 801. AUTHORIZATION OF SUPPLEMENTAL APPROPRIATIONS FOR OPERATING 
                    EXPENSES

    There is hereby authorized to be appropriated for fiscal 
year 1991 for operating expenses incurred in carrying out 
national security programs (including scientific research and 
development in support of the Armed Forces, strategic and 
critical materials necessary for the common defense, and 
military applications of nuclear energy and related management 
and support activities) for weapons activities production and 
surveillance, $283,0900,000.
          * * * * * * *

SEC. 803. APPLICABILITY OF RECURRING GENERAL PROVISIONS

    The provisions contained in part B of title XXXI of the 
National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1991 (Public 
Law 101-510; 104 Stat. 1829) shall apply with respect to the 
authorizations provided in this title in the same manner as 
such provisions apply with respect to the authorizations 
provided in title XXXI of such Act.
          * * * * * * *
                     (5) Iraq Sanctions Act of 1990

    Partial text of Public Law 101-513 [Foreign Operations, Export 
 Financing, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 1991; H.R. 5114], 
           104 Stat. 1979 at 2047, approved November 5, 1990

AN ACT Making appropriations for foreign operations, export financing, 
and related programs for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1991, and 
                          for other purposes.

    Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of 
the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the 
following sums are appropriated, out of any money in the 
Treasury not otherwise appropriated, for foreign operations, 
export financing, and related programs for the fiscal year 
ending September 30, 1991, and for other purposes, namely:
          * * * * * * *

                      TITLE V--GENERAL PROVISIONS

          * * * * * * *

                       iraq sanctions act of 1990

SEC. 586. SHORT TITLE.

  Sections 586 through 586J of this Act may be cited as the 
``Iraq Sanctions Act of 1990''.

SEC. 586A. DECLARATIONS REGARDING IRAQ'S INVASION OF KUWAIT.

  The Congress--
          (1) condemns Iraq's invasion of Kuwait on August 2, 
        1990;
          (2) supports the actions that have been taken by the 
        President in response to that invasion;
          (3) calls for the immediate and unconditional 
        withdrawal of Iraqi forces from Kuwait;
          (4) supports the efforts of the United Nations 
        Security Council to end this violation of international 
        law and threat to international peace;
          (5) supports the imposition and enforcement of 
        multilateral sanctions against Iraq;
          (6) calls on United States allies and other countries 
        to support fully the efforts of the United Nations 
        Security Council, and to take other appropriate 
        actions, to bring about an end to Iraq's occupation of 
        Kuwait; and
          (7) condemns the brutal occupation of Kuwait by Iraq 
        and its gross violations of internationally recognized 
        human rights in Kuwait, including widespread arrests, 
        torture, summary executions, and mass extrajudicial 
        killings.

SEC. 586B. CONSULTATIONS WITH CONGRESS.

  The President shall keep the Congress fully informed, and 
shall consult with the Congress, with respect to current and 
anticipated events regarding the international crisis caused by 
Iraq's invasion of Kuwait, including with respect to United 
States actions.

SEC. 586C. TRADE EMBARGO AGAINST IRAQ.

  (a) Continuation of Embargo.--Except as otherwise provided in 
this section, the President shall continue to impose the trade 
embargo and other economic sanctions with respect to Iraq and 
Kuwait that the United States is imposing, in response to 
Iraq's invasion of Kuwait, pursuant to Executive Orders 
Numbered 12724 and 12725 (August 9, 1990) and, to the extent 
they are still in effect, Executive Orders Numbered 12722 and 
12723 \1\ (August 2, 1990). Notwithstanding any other provision 
of law, no funds, credits, guarantees, or insurance 
appropriated or otherwise made available by this or any other 
Act for fiscal year 1991 or any fiscal year thereafter shall be 
used to support or administer any financial or commercial 
operation of any United States Government department, agency, 
or other entity, or of any person subject to the jurisdiction 
of the United States, for the benefit of the Government of 
Iraq, its agencies or instrumentalities, or any person working 
on behalf of the Government of Iraq, contrary to the trade 
embargo and other economic sanctions imposed in accordance with 
this section.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \1\ Executive Orders 12723 and 12725, relating to Kuwait, were 
revoked by Executive Order 12771 of July 25, 1991 (56 F.R. 35993; July 
29, 1991). The national emergency with respect to Iraq detailed in 
Executive Orders 12722 and 12724 was extended by unnumbered notice on 
July 26, 1991 (56 F.R. 35995; July 29, 1991).
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  (b) Humanitarian Assistance.--To the extent that transactions 
involving foodstuffs or payments for foodstuffs are exempted 
``in humanitarian circumstances'' from the prohibitions 
established by the United States pursuant to United Nations 
Security Council Resolution 661 (1990), those exemptions shall 
be limited to foodstuffs that are to be provided consistent 
with United Nations Security Council Resolution 666 (1990) and 
other relevant Security Council resolutions.\2\
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    \2\ United Nations Security Council Resolution 678, adopted 
November 29, 1990, recalled and reaffirmed the intentions of earlier 
U.N. resolutions relating to Iraq's invasion of Kuwait on August 2, 
1990. Earlier resolutions, in part: condemned the Iraqi invasion of 
Kuwait, demanded that Iraq withdraw immediately and unconditionally 
from Kuwait, called upon Iraq and Kuwait to begin negotiations for the 
resolution of their differences (Resolution 660 adopted August 2, 
1990); prevented trade relations between Iraq and U.N. Member States, 
or the import of any Iraqi or Kuwaiti products, and established a 
Committee of the Security Council to examine progress of this trade 
embargo (Resolution 661 adopted August 6, 1990); determined that the 
annexation of Kuwait by Iraq had no legal validity (Resolution 662 of 
August 9, 1990); demanded that Iraq facilitate and permit the immediate 
departure from Kuwait and Iraq of third country citizens (Resolution 
664 adopted August 18, 1990); called upon Member States to blockade 
maritime activity to the region (Resolution 665 adopted August 25, 
1990); considered an exemption of the trade embargo for foodstuffs to 
Iraq and Kuwait (Resolution 666 adopted September 13, 1990); condemned 
Iraq's aggressions against international diplomatic premises and 
personnel in Kuwait (Resolution 667 adopted September 16, 1990); 
expanded responsibilities of the Committee established under Resolution 
661 (Resolution 669 adopted September 14, 1990); further defined the 
trade embargo to include air traffic, and called upon Member States to 
detain Iraqi ships in port (Resolution 670 adopted September 25, 1990); 
condemned the taking of third nation nationals hostage, and condemned 
the destruction of Kuwaiti property by Iraq (Resolution 674 adopted 
October 29, 1990); and condemned Iraqi attempts to alter the 
demographic composition of the Kuwaiti population (Resolution 677 
adopted November 28, 1990).
    Resolution 678, adopted by the U.N. Security Council on November 
29, 1990, in part:
    ``Demands that Iraq comply fully with resolutions 660 (1990) and 
all subsequent relevant resolutions, and decides, while maintaining all 
its decisions, to allow Iraq one final opportunity, as a pause of 
goodwill, to do so;
    ``Authorizes Member States cooperating with the Government of 
Kuwait, unless Iraq on or before 15 January 1991 fully implements, as 
set forth in paragraph 1 above, the foregoing resolutions, to use all 
necessary means to uphold and implement resolution 660 (1990) and all 
subsequent relevant resolutions and to restore international peace and 
security in the area;''.
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  (c) Notice to Congress of Exceptions to and Termination of 
Sanctions.--
          (1) Notice of regulations.--Any regulations issued 
        after the date of enactment of this Act with respect to 
        the economic sanctions imposed with respect to Iraq and 
        Kuwait by the United States under Executive Orders 
        Numbered 12722 and 12723 (August 2, 1990) and Executive 
        Orders Numbered 12724 and 12725 (August 9, 1990) \1\ 
        shall be submitted to the Congress before those 
        regulations take effect.
          (2) Notice of termination of sanctions.--The 
        President shall notify the Congress at least 15 days 
        before the termination, in whole or in part, of any 
        sanction imposed with respect to Iraq or Kuwait 
        pursuant to those Executive orders.
  (d) Relation to Other Laws.--
          (1) Sanctions legislation.--The sanctions that are 
        described in subsection (a) are in addition to, and not 
        in lieu of the sanctions provided for in section 586G 
        of this Act or any other provision of law.
          (2) National emergencies and united nations 
        legislation.--Nothing in this section supersedes any 
        provision of the National Emergencies Act or any 
        authority of the President under the International 
        Emergency Economic Powers Act or section 5(a) of the 
        United Nations Participation Act of 1945.

SEC. 586D.\3\ COMPLIANCE WITH UNITED NATIONS SANCTIONS AGAINST IRAQ.

  (a) Denial of Assistance.--None of the funds appropriated or 
otherwise made available pursuant to this Act to carry out the 
Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (including title IV of chapter 2 
of part I, relating to the Overseas Private Investment 
Corporation) or the Arms Export Control Act may be used to 
provide assistance to any country that is not in compliance 
with the United Nations Security Council sanctions against Iraq 
unless the President determines and so certifies to the 
Congress that--
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \3\ In Presidential Determination No. 91-46 of July 13, 1991, the 
President invoked the authority of this section when he determined and 
certified ``that assistance for Jordan under chapter 4 of part II of 
the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, as amended, and under section 23 of 
the Arms Export Control Act, is in the national interest of the United 
States.''. He further determined, by virtue of authority given in sec. 
502(c) of Public Law 102-27, that such assistance ``would be beneficial 
to the peace process in the Middle East'' (56 F.R. 33839; July 24, 
1991).
    In Presidential Determination No. 91-53 of September 16, 1991, the 
President made the same determinations regarding assistance for Jordan 
under chapter 5 of part II of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, as 
amended (56 F.R. 49837; October 2, 1991).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
          (1) such assistance is in the national interest of 
        the United States;
          (2) such assistance will directly benefit the needy 
        people in that country; or
          (3) the assistance to be provided will be 
        humanitarian assistance for foreign nationals who have 
        fled Iraq and Kuwait.
  (b) Import Sanctions.--If the President considers that the 
taking of such action would promote the effectiveness of the 
economic sanctions of the United Nations and the United States 
imposed with respect to Iraq, and is consistent with the 
national interest, the President may prohibit, for such a 
period of time as he considers appropriate, the importation 
into the United States of any or all products of any foreign 
country that has not prohibited--
          (1) the importation of products of Iraq into its 
        customs territory, and
          (2) the export of its products to Iraq.

SEC. 586E. PENALTIES FOR VIOLATIONS OF EMBARGO.

  Notwithstanding section 206 of the International Emergency 
Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1705) and section 5(b) of the 
United Nations Participation Act of 1945 \4\ (22 U.S.C. 
287c(b))--
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \4\ See Legislation on Foreign Relations Through 1999, vol. III; 
and Legislation on Foreign Relations Through 1999, vol. II, 
respectively.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
          (1) a civil penalty of not to exceed $250,000 may be 
        imposed on any person who, after the date of enactment 
        of this Act, violates or evades or attempts to violate 
        or evade Executive Order Numbered 12722, 12723, 12724, 
        or 12725 \1\ or any license, order, or regulation 
        issued under any such Executive order; and
          (2) whoever, after the date of enactment of this Act, 
        willfully violates or evades or attempts to violate or 
        evade Executive Order Numbered 12722, 12723, 12724, or 
        12725 \1\ or any license, order, or regulation issued 
        under any such Executive order--
                  (A) shall, upon conviction, be fined not more 
                than $1,000,000, if a person other than a 
                natural person; or
                  (B) if a natural person, shall, upon 
                conviction, be fined not more than $1,000,000, 
                be imprisoned for not more than 12 years, or 
                both.
Any officer, director, or agent of any corporation who 
knowingly participates in a violation, evasion, or attempt 
described in paragraph (2) may be punished by imposition of the 
fine or imprisonment (or both) specified in subparagraph (B) of 
that paragraph.

SEC. 586F. DECLARATIONS REGARDING IRAQ'S LONG-STANDING VIOLATIONS OF 
                    INTERNATIONAL LAW.

  (a) Iraq's Violations of International Law.--The Congress 
determines that--
          (1) the Government of Iraq has demonstrated repeated 
        and blatant disregard for its obligations under 
        international law by violating the Charter of the 
        United Nations, the Protocol for the Prohibition of the 
        Use in War of Asphyxiating, Poisonous or Other Gases, 
        and of Bacteriological Methods of Warfare (done at 
        Geneva, June 17, 1925), as well as other international 
        treaties;
          (2) the Government of Iraq is a party to the 
        International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights 
        and the International Covenant on Economic, Social, and 
        Cultural Rights and is obligated under the Covenants, 
        as well as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 
        to respect internationally recognized human rights;
          (3) the State Department's Country Reports on Human 
        Rights Practices for 1989 again characterizes Iraq's 
        human rights record as ``abysmal'';
          (4) Amnesty International, Middle East Watch, and 
        other independent human rights organizations have 
        documented extensive, systematic, and continuing human 
        rights abuses by the Government of Iraq, including 
        summary executions, mass political killings, 
        disappearances, widespread use of torture, arbitrary 
        arrests and prolonged detention without trial of 
        thousands of political opponents, forced relocation and 
        deportation, denial of nearly all civil and political 
        rights such as freedom of association, assembly, 
        speech, and the press, and the imprisonment, torture, 
        and execution of children;
          (5) since 1987, the Government of Iraq has 
        intensified its severe repression of the Kurdish 
        minority of Iraq, deliberately destroyed more than 
        3,000 villages and towns in the Kurdish regions, and 
        forcibly expelled more than 500,000 people, thus 
        effectively depopulating the rural areas of Iraqi 
        Kurdistan;
          (6) Iraq has blatantly violated international law by 
        initiating use of chemical weapons in the Iran-Iraq 
        war;
          (7) Iraq has also violated international law by using 
        chemical weapons against its own Kurdish citizens, 
        resulting in tens of thousands of deaths and more than 
        65,000 refugees;
          (8) Iraq continues to expand its chemical weapons 
        capability, and President Saddam Hussein has threatened 
        to use chemical weapons against other nations;
          (9) persuasive evidence exists that Iraq is 
        developing biological weapons in violation of 
        international law;
          (10) there are strong indications that Iraq has taken 
        steps to produce nuclear weapons and has attempted to 
        smuggle from the United States, in violation of United 
        States law, components for triggering devices used in 
        nuclear warheads whose manufacture would contravene the 
        Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, to 
        which Iraq is a party; and
          (11) Iraqi President Saddam Hussein has threatened to 
        use terrorism against other nations in violation of 
        international law and has increased Iraq's support for 
        the Palestine Liberation Organization and other 
        Palestinian groups that have conducted terrorist acts.
  (b) Human Rights Violations.--The Congress determines that 
the Government of Iraq is engaged in a consistent pattern of 
gross violations of internationally recognized human rights. 
All provisions of law that impose sanctions against a country 
whose government is engaged in a consistent pattern of gross 
violations of internationally recognized human rights shall be 
fully enforced against Iraq.
  (c) Support for International Terrorism.--(1) The Congress 
determines that Iraq is a country which has repeatedly provided 
support for acts of international terrorism, a country which 
grants sanctuary from prosecution to individuals or groups 
which have committed an act of international terrorism, and a 
country which otherwise supports international terrorism. The 
provisions of law specified in paragraph (2) and all other 
provisions of law that impose sanctions against a country which 
has repeatedly provided support for acts of international 
terrorism, which grants sanctuary from prosecution to an 
individual or group which has committed an act of international 
terrorism, or which otherwise supports international terrorism 
shall be fully enforced against Iraq.
  (2) The provisions of law referred to in paragraph (1) are--
          (A) section 40 of the Arms Export Control Act;
          (B) section 620A of the Foreign Assistance Act of 
        1961;
          (C) sections 555 and 556 of this Act (and the 
        corresponding sections of predecessor foreign 
        operations appropriations Acts); and
          (D) section 555 of the International Security and 
        Development Cooperation Act of 1985.
  (d) Multilateral Cooperation.--The Congress calls on the 
President to seek multilateral cooperation--
          (1) to deny dangerous technologies to Iraq;
          (2) to induce Iraq to respect internationally 
        recognized human rights; and
          (3) to induce Iraq to allow appropriate international 
        humanitarian and human rights organizations to have 
        access to Iraq and Kuwait, including the areas in 
        northern Iraq traditionally inhabited by Kurds.

SEC. 586G. SANCTIONS AGAINST IRAQ.

  (a) \5\ Imposition.--Except as provided in section 586H, the 
following sanctions shall apply with respect to Iraq:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \5\ Sec. 1603 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal 
Year 1993 (Public Law 102-484; 106 Stat. 2752) provided the following:
    ``sec. 1603. application to iran of certain iraq sanctions.
    ``The sanctions against Iraq specified in paragraphs (1) through 
(4) of section 586G(a) of the Iraq Sanctions Act of 1990 (as contained 
in Public Law 101-513), including denial of export licenses for United 
States persons and prohibitions on United States Government sales, 
shall be applied to the same extent and in the same manner with respect 
to Iran.''.
    See title XVI of that Act--Iran-Iraq Arms Non-Proliferation Act of 
1992.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
          (1) FMS sales.--The United States Government shall 
        not enter into any sale with Iraq under the Arms Export 
        Control Act.
          (2) Commercial arms sales.--Licenses shall not be 
        issued for the export to Iraq of any item on the United 
        States Munitions List.
          (3) Exports of certain goods and technology.--The 
        authorities of section 6 of the Export Administration 
        Act of 1979 (50 U.S.C. App. 2405) shall be used to 
        prohibit the export to Iraq of any goods or technology 
        listed pursuant to that section or section 5(c)(1) of 
        that Act (50 U.S.C. App. 2404(c)(1)) on the control 
        list provided for in section 4(b) of that Act (50 
        U.S.C. App. 2403(b)).
          (4) Nuclear equipment, materials, and technology.--
                  (A) NRC licenses.--The Nuclear Regulatory 
                Commission shall not issue any license or other 
                authorization under the Atomic Energy Act of 
                1954 (42 U.S.C. 2011 and following) for the 
                export to Iraq of any source or special nuclear 
                material, any production or utilization 
                facility, any sensitive nuclear technology, any 
                component, item, or substance determined to 
                have significance for nuclear explosive 
                purposes pursuant to section 109b. of the 
                Atomic Energy Act of 1954 (42 U.S.C. 2139(b)), 
                or any other material or technology requiring 
                such a license or authorization.
                  (B) Distribution of nuclear materials.--The 
                authority of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 
                shall not be used to distribute any special 
                nuclear material, source material, or byproduct 
                material to Iraq.
                  (C) DOE authorizations.--The Secretary of 
                Energy shall not provide a specific 
                authorization under section 57b. (2) of the 
                Atomic Energy Act of 1954 (42 U.S.C. 
                2077(b)(2)) for any activity that would 
                constitute directly or indirectly engaging in 
                Iraq in activities that require a specific 
                authorization under that section.
          (5) Assistance from international financial 
        institutions.--The United States shall oppose any loan 
        or financial or technical assistance to Iraq by 
        international financial institutions in accordance with 
        section 701 of the International Financial Institutions 
        Act (22 U.S.C. 262d).
          (6) Assistance through the export-import bank.--
        Credits and credit guarantees through the Export-Import 
        Bank of the United States shall be denied to Iraq.
          (7) Assistance through the commodity credit 
        corporation.--Credit, credit guarantees, and other 
        assistance through the Commodity Credit Corporation 
        shall be denied to Iraq.
          (8) Foreign assistance.--All forms of assistance 
        under the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 
        2151 and following) other than emergency assistance for 
        medical supplies and other forms of emergency 
        humanitarian assistance, and under the Arms Export 
        Control Act (22 U.S.C. 2751 and following) shall be 
        denied to Iraq.
  (b) Contract Sanctity.--For purposes of the export controls 
imposed pursuant to subsection (a)(3), the date described in 
subsection (m)(1) of section 6 of the Export Administration Act 
of 1979 (50 U.S.C. App. 2405) shall be deemed to be August 1, 
1990.

SEC. 586H. WAIVER AUTHORITY.

  (a) In General.--The President may waive the requirements of 
any paragraph of section 586G(a) if the President makes a 
certification under subsection (b) or subsection (c).
  (b) Certification of Fundamental Changes in Iraqi Policies 
and Actions.--The authority of subsection (a) may be exercised 
60 days after the President certifies to the Congress that--
          (1) the Government of Iraq--
                  (A) has demonstrated, through a pattern of 
                conduct, substantial improvement in its respect 
                for internationally recognized human rights;
                  (B) is not acquiring, developing, or 
                manufacturing (i) ballistic missiles, (ii) 
                chemical, biological, or nuclear weapons, or 
                (iii) components for such weapons; has forsworn 
                the first use of such weapons; and is taking 
                substantial and verifiable steps to destroy or 
                otherwise dispose of any such missiles and 
                weapons it possesses; and
                  (C) does not provide support for 
                international terrorism;
          (2) the Government of Iraq is in substantial 
        compliance with its obligations under international 
        law, including--
                  (A) the Charter of the United Nations;
                  (B) the International Covenant on Civil and 
                Political Rights (done at New York, December 
                16, 1966) and the International Covenant on 
                Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights (done at 
                New York, December 16, 1966);
                  (C) the Convention on the Prevention and 
                Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (done at 
                Paris, December 9, 1948);
                  (D) the Protocol for the Prohibition of the 
                Use in War of Asphyxiating, Poisonous or Other 
                Gases, and of Bacteriological Methods of 
                Warfare (done at Geneva, June 17, 1925);
                  (E) the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of 
                Nuclear Weapons (done at Washington, London, 
                and Moscow, July 1, 1968); and
                  (F) the Convention on the Prohibition of the 
                Development, Production and Stockpiling of 
                Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxin Weapons 
                and on Their Destruction (done at Washington, 
                London, and Moscow, April 10, 1972); and
           (3) the President has determined that it is 
        essential to the national interests of the United 
        States to exercise the authority of subsection (a).
  (c) Certification of Fundamental Changes in Iraqi Leadership 
and Policies.--The authority of subsection (a) may be exercised 
30 days after the President certifies to the Congress that--
          (1) there has been a fundamental change in the 
        leadership of the Government of Iraq; and
          (2) the new Government of Iraq has provided reliable 
        and credible assurance that--
                  (A) it respects internationally recognized 
                human rights and it will demonstrate such 
                respect through its conduct;
                  (B) it is not acquiring, developing, or 
                manufacturing and it will not acquire, develop, 
                or manufacture (i) ballistic missiles, (ii) 
                chemical, biological, or nuclear weapons, or 
                (iii) components for such weapons; has forsworn 
                the first use of such weapons; and is taking 
                substantial and verifiable steps to destroy or 
                otherwise dispose of any such missiles and 
                weapons it possesses;
                  (C) it is not and will not provide support 
                for international terrorism; and
                  (D) it is and will continue to be in 
                substantial compliance with its obligations 
                under international law, including all the 
                treaties specified in subparagraphs (A) through 
                (F) of subsection (b)(2).
  (d) Information To Be Included in Certifications.--Any 
certification under subsection (b) or (c) shall include the 
justification for each determination required by that 
subsection. The certification shall also specify which 
paragraphs of section 586G(a) the President will waive pursuant 
to that certification.

SEC. 586I. DENIAL OF LICENSES FOR CERTAIN EXPORTS TO COUNTRIES 
                    ASSISTING IRAQ'S ROCKET OR CHEMICAL, BIOLOGICAL, OR 
                    NUCLEAR WEAPONS CAPABILITY.

  (a) Restriction on Export Licenses.--None of the funds 
appropriated by this or any other Act may be used to approve 
the licensing for export of any supercomputer to any country 
whose government the President determines is assisting, or 
whose government officials the President determines are 
assisting, Iraq to improve its rocket technology or chemical, 
biological, or nuclear weapons capability.
  (b) Negotiations.--The President is directed to begin 
immediate negotiations with those governments with which the 
United States has bilateral supercomputer agreements, including 
the Government of the United Kingdom and the Government of 
Japan, on conditions restricting the transfer to Iraq of 
supercomputer or associated technology.

SEC. 586J. REPORTS TO CONGRESS.

  (a) Study and Report on the International Export to Iraq of 
Nuclear, Biological, Chemical, and Ballistic Missile 
Technology.--(1) The President shall conduct a study on the 
sale, export, and third party transfer or development of 
nuclear, biological, chemical, and ballistic missile technology 
to or with Iraq including--
          (A) an identification of specific countries, as well 
        as companies and individuals, both foreign and 
        domestic, engaged in such sale or export of, nuclear, 
        biological, chemical, and ballistic missile technology;
          (B) a detailed description and analysis of the 
        international supply, information, support, and 
        coproduction network, individual, corporate, and state, 
        responsible for Iraq's current capability in the area 
        of nuclear, biological, chemical, and ballistic missile 
        technology; and
          (C) a recommendation of standards and procedures 
        against which to measure and verify a decision of the 
        Government of Iraq to terminate the development, 
        production, coproduction, and deployment of nuclear, 
        biological, chemical, and offensive ballistic missile 
        technology as well as the destruction of all existing 
        facilities associated with such technologies.
  (2) The President shall include in the study required by 
paragraph (1) specific recommendations on new mechanisms, to 
include, but not be limited to, legal, political, economic and 
regulatory, whereby the United States might contribute, in 
conjunction with its friends, allies, and the international 
community, to the management, control, or elimination of the 
threat of nuclear, biological, chemical, and ballistic missile 
proliferation.
  (3) Not later than March 30, 1991, the President shall submit 
to the Committee on Appropriations and the Committee on Foreign 
Relations of the Senate and the Committee on Appropriations and 
the Committee on Foreign Affairs \6\ of the House of 
Representatives, a report, in both classified and unclassified 
form, setting forth the findings of the study required by 
paragraph (1) of this subsection.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \6\ Sec. 1(a)(5) of Public Law 104-14 (109 Stat. 186) provided that 
references to the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of 
Representatives shall be treated as referring to the Committee on 
International Relations of the House of Representatives.
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  (b) Study and Report on Iraq's Offensive Military 
Capability.--(1) The President shall conduct a study on Iraq's 
offensive military capability and its effect on the Middle East 
balance of power including an assessment of Iraq's power 
projection capability, the prospects for another sustained 
conflict with Iran, joint Iraqi-Jordanian military cooperation, 
the threat Iraq's arms transfer activities pose to United 
States allies in the Middle East, and the extension of Iraq's 
political-military influence into Africa and Latin America.
  (2) Not later than March 30, 1991, the President shall submit 
to the Committee on Appropriations and the Committee on Foreign 
Relations of the Senate and the Committee on Appropriations and 
the Committee on Foreign Affairs \6\ of the House of 
Representatives, a report, in both classified and unclassified 
form, setting forth the findings of the study required by 
paragraph (1).
  (c) Report on Sanctions Taken by Other Nations Against 
Iraq.--(1) The President shall prepare a report on the steps 
taken by other nations, both before and after the August 2, 
1990, invasion of Kuwait, to curtail the export of goods, 
services, and technologies to Iraq which might contribute to, 
or enhance, Iraq's nuclear, biological, chemical, and ballistic 
missile capability.
  (2) The President shall provide a complete accounting of 
international compliance with each of the sanctions resolutions 
adopted by the United Nations Security Council against Iraq 
since August 2, 1990, and shall list, by name, each country 
which to his knowledge, has provided any assistance to Iraq and 
the amount and type of that assistance in violation of each 
United Nations resolution.\2\
  (3) The President shall make every effort to encourage other 
nations, in whatever forum or context, to adopt sanctions 
toward Iraq similar to those contained in this section.
  (4) Not later than every 6 months after the date of enactment 
of this Act, the President shall submit to the Committee on 
Appropriations and the Committee on Foreign Relations of the 
Senate and the Committee on Appropriations and the Committee on 
Foreign Affairs \6\ of the House of Representatives, a report 
in both classified and unclassified form, setting forth the 
findings of the study required by paragraph (1) of this 
subsection.
          * * * * * * *
     (6) Budget Enforcement Act of 1990--Emergency Appropriations 
                              Requirements

  Partial text of Public Law 101-508 [Budget Enforcement Act of 1990, 
   title XIII of the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1990; H.R. 
5835], 104 Stat. 1388, approved November 5, 1990; amended by Public Law 
     103-354 [Crop Insurance Reform and Department of Agriculture 
 Reorganization Act; H.R. 4217], 108 Stat. 3178, approved October 13, 
                                  1994

   AN ACT To provide for reconciliation pursuant to section 4 of the 
       concurrent resolution on the budget for fiscal year 1991.

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Omnibus Budget 
Reconciliation Act of 1990''.
          * * * * * * *

                     TITLE XIII--BUDGET ENFORCEMENT

SEC. 13001. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS.

    (a) Short Title.--This title may be cited as the ``Budget 
Enforcement Act of 1990''.
          * * * * * * *

PART I--AMENDMENTS TO THE BALANCED BUDGET AND EMERGENCY DEFICIT CONTROL 
                              ACT OF 1985

SEC. 13101. SEQUESTRATION.

    (a) Sections 250 through 254.--Sections 251 (except for 
subsection (a)(6)(I)) through 254 of part C of the Balanced 
Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985 (2 U.S.C. 901 
et seq.) are amended to read as follows:
          * * * * * * *

``SEC. 251. ENFORCING DISCRETIONARY SPENDING LIMITS.

    ``(a) * * *
    ``(b) Adjustments to Discretionary Spending Limits.--(1) * 
* *
    ``(2) When OMB submits a sequestration report under section 
254(g) or (h) for fiscal year 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, or 1995 
(except as otherwise indicated), OMB shall calculate (in the 
order set forth below), and the sequestration report, and 
subsequent budgets submitted by the President under section 
1105(a) of title 31, United States Code, shall include, 
adjustments to discretionary spending limits (and those limits 
as adjusted) for the fiscal year and each succeeding year 
through 1995, as follows:
          * * * * * * *
    ``(D) Emergency appropriations.--(i) If, for fiscal years 
1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, or 1995, appropriations for 
discretionary accounts are enacted that the President 
designates as emergency requirements and that the Congress so 
designates in statute, the adjustment shall be the total of 
such appropriations in discretionary accounts designated as 
emergency requirements and the outlays flowing in all years 
from such appropriations. This subparagraph shall not apply to 
appropriations to cover agricultural crop disaster 
assistance.\1\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \1\ Sec. 119(d)(1) of Public Law 103-354 (108 Stat. 3208) added the 
last sentence in subpar. (i).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    ``(ii) The costs for Operation Desert Shield are to be 
treated as emergency funding requirements not subject to the 
defense spending limits. Funding for Desert Shield will be 
provided through the normal legislative process. Desert Shield 
costs should be accommodated through Allied burden-sharing, 
subsequent appropriation Acts, and if the President so chooses, 
through offsets within other defense accounts. Emergency Desert 
Shield costs mean those incremental costs associated with the 
increase in operations in the Middle East and do not include 
costs that would be experienced by the Department of Defense as 
part of its normal operations absent Operation Desert Shield.''
          * * * * * * *
      b. Assistance to Eastern Europe and the Former Soviet Union

(1) Act For Reform In Emerging New Democracies and Support and Help for 
 Improved Partnership with Russia, Ukraine, and Other New Independent 
                                 States

                             FRIENDSHIP Act

    Partial text of Public Law 103-199 [H.R. 3000], 107 Stat. 2317, 
                       approved December 17, 1993

_______________________________________________________________________

          Note.--The FRIENDSHIP Act amends several Public Laws 
        presented in Legislation on Foreign Relations Through 
        1999.
          In volume I-A, see: Foreign Assistance Act of 1961; 
        Arms Export Control Act; International Security 
        Assistance and Arms Export Control Act of 1976; 
        International Security Assistance Act of 1978; and 
        International Security and Development Cooperation Act 
        of 1981.
          In volume I-B, see: Department of Defense 
        Appropriations Authorization Act, 1975; Department of 
        Defense Authorization Act, 1986; National Defense 
        Authorization Act, Fiscal Year 1987; National Defense 
        Authorization Act for Fiscal Years 1988 and 1989; 
        National Defense Authorization Act, Fiscal Year 1989; 
        and Joint Resolution of August 8, 1985 relating to 
        U.S./Soviet communications.
          In volume II, see: Department of State Authorization 
        Act, Fiscal Years 1982 and 1983; Foreign Relations 
        Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 1986 and 1987; Foreign 
        Relations Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 1988 and 
        1989; Foreign Relations Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 
        1990 and 1991; Foreign Relations Authorization Act, 
        Fiscal Years 1992 and 1993; Mutual Educational and 
        Cultural Exchange Act of 1961; Soviet-Eastern European 
        Research and Training Act of 1983; Fascell Fellowship 
        Act; Board for International Broadcasting Authorization 
        Act, Fiscal Years 1984 and 1985; Arms Control and 
        Disarmament Act; and Foreign Service Buildings Act, 
        1926.
          In volume III, see: Export Administration Act of 1979 
        and Omnibus Trade and Competitiveness Act of 1988.
          In volume IV, see: Title 18 U.S.C.; Global Climate 
        Protection Act of 1987; and Arctic Research and Policy 
        Act of 1984.
          The FRIENDSHIP Act also amended: Intelligence 
        Authorization Act, Fiscal Year 1987; Intelligence 
        Authorization Act, Fiscal Year 1988; Intelligence 
        Authorization Act, Fiscal Year 1990; Act of November 2, 
        1966 (Fur Seal Act); Federal Civil Defense Act of 1950; 
        and Subversive Activities Control Act of 1950.
_______________________________________________________________________


AN ACT For reform in emerging new democracies and support and help for 
 improved partnership with Russia, Ukraine, and other new independent 
                   states of the former Soviet Union.

    Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of 
the United States of America in Congress assembled,

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLES.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Act For Reform In Emerging 
New Democracies and Support and Help for Improved Partnership 
with Russia, Ukraine, and Other New Independent States'' or as 
the ``FRIENDSHIP Act''.

SEC. 2. TABLE OF CONTENTS.

    The table of contents for this Act is as follows:
Sec. 1. Short titles.
Sec. 2. Table of contents.
Sec. 3. Definition.

              TITLE I--POLICY OF FRIENDSHIP AND COOPERATION

Sec. 101. Statement of purpose.
Sec. 102. Findings.
Sec. 103. Statutory provisions that have been applicable to the Soviet 
          Union.

                 TITLE II--TRADE AND BUSINESS RELATIONS

Sec. 201. Policy under Export Administration Act.
Sec. 202. Representation of countries of Eastern Europe and the 
          Independent States of the former Soviet Union in legal 
          commercial transactions.
Sec. 203. Procedures regarding transfers of certain Department of 
          Defense-funded items.
Sec. 204. Soviet slave labor.

      TITLE III--CULTURAL, EDUCATIONAL, AND OTHER EXCHANGE PROGRAMS

Sec. 301. Mutual Educational and Cultural Exchange Act of 1961.
Sec. 302. Soviet-Eastern European research and training.
Sec. 303. Fascell Fellowship Act.
Sec. 304. Board for International Broadcasting Act.
Sec. 305. Scholarship programs for developing countries.
Sec. 306. Report on Soviet participants in certain exchange programs.

                         TITLE IV--ARMS CONTROL

Sec. 401. Arms Control and Disarmament Act.
Sec. 402. Arms Export Control Act.
Sec. 403. Annual reports on arms control matters.
Sec. 404. United States/Soviet direct communication link.

                      TITLE V--DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS

Sec. 501. Personnel levels and limitations.
Sec. 502. Other provisions related to operation of embassies and 
          consulates.
Sec. 503. Foreign Service Buildings Act.

                  TITLE VI--OCEANS AND THE ENVIRONMENT

Sec. 601. Arctic Research and Policy Act.
Sec. 602. Fur seal management.
Sec. 603. Global climate protection.

            TITLE VII--REGIONAL AND GENERAL DIPLOMATIC ISSUES

Sec. 701. United Nations assessments.
Sec. 702. Soviet occupation of Afghanistan.
Sec. 703. Angola.
Sec. 704. Self determination of the people from the Baltic States.
Sec. 705. Obsolete references in Foreign Assistance Act.
Sec. 706. Review of United States policy toward the Soviet Union.

      TITLE VIII--INTERNAL SECURITY; WORLDWIDE COMMUNIST CONSPIRACY

Sec. 801. Civil defense.
Sec. 802. Report on Soviet press manipulation in the United States.
Sec. 803. Subversive Activities Control Act.
Sec. 804. Report on Soviet and international communist behavior.

                         TITLE IX--MISCELLANEOUS

Sec. 901. Ballistic missile tests near Hawaii.
Sec. 902. Nondelivery of international mail.
Sec. 903. State-sponsored harassment of religious groups.
Sec. 904. Murder of Major Arthur Nicholson.
Sec. 905. Monument to honor victims of communism.

SEC. 3. DEFINITION.

    As used in this Act (including the amendments made by this 
Act), the terms ``independent states of the former Soviet 
Union'' and ``independent states'' have the meaning given those 
terms by section 3 of the Freedom for Russia and Emerging 
Eurasian Democracies and Open Markets Support Act of 1992 (22 
U.S.C. 5801).

             TITLE I--POLICY OF FRIENDSHIP AND COOPERATION

SEC. 101. STATEMENT OF PURPOSE.

    The purpose of this Act is to amend or repeal numerous 
statutory provisions that restrict or otherwise impede normal 
relations between the United States and the Russian Federation, 
Ukraine, and the other independent states of the former Soviet 
Union. All of the statutory provisions amended or repealed by 
this Act were relevant and appropriate at the time of 
enactment, but with the end of the Cold War, they have become 
obsolete. It is not the purpose of this Act to rewrite or erase 
history, or to forget those who suffered in the past from the 
injustices or repression of communist regimes in the Soviet 
Union, but rather to update United States law to reflect 
changed international circumstances and to demonstrate for 
reformers and democrats in the independent states of the former 
Soviet Union the resolve of the people of the United States to 
support the process of democratic and economic reform and to 
conduct business with those states in a new spirit of 
friendship and cooperation.

SEC. 102. FINDINGS.

    The Congress finds and declares as follows:
          (1) The Vancouver Declaration issued by President 
        Clinton and President Yeltsin in April 1993 marked a 
        new milestone in the development of the spirit of 
        cooperation and partnership between the United States 
        and Russia. The Congress affirms its support for the 
        principles contained in the Vancouver Declaration.
          (2) The Vancouver Declaration underscored that--
                  (A) a dynamic and effective partnership 
                between the United States and Russia is vital 
                to the success of Russia's historic 
                transformation;
                  (B) the rapid integration of Russia into the 
                community of democratic nations and the world 
                economy is important to the national interest 
                of the United States; and
                  (C) cooperation between the United States and 
                Russia is essential to the peaceful resolution 
                of international conflicts and the promotion of 
                democratic values, the protection of human 
                rights, and the solution of global problems 
                such as environmental pollution, terrorism, and 
                narcotics trafficking.
          (3) The Congress enacted the FREEDOM Support Act 
        (Public Law 102-511), as well as other legislation such 
        as the Soviet Nuclear Threat Reduction Act of 1991 
        (title II of Public Law 102-228) and the Former Soviet 
        Union Demilitarization Act of 1992 (title XIV of Public 
        Law 102-484), to help meet the historic opportunities 
        and challenges presented by the transformation that has 
        taken place, and is continuing to take place, in what 
        once was the Soviet Union.
          (4) The process of reform in Russia, Ukraine, and the 
        other independent states of the former Soviet Union is 
        ongoing. The holding of a referendum in Russia on April 
        25, 1993, that was free and fair, and that reflected 
        the support of the Russian people for the process of 
        continued and strengthened democratic and economic 
        reform, represents an important and encouraging 
        hallmark in this ongoing process.
          (5) There remain in force many United States laws 
        that are relics of the Cold War, and repeals or 
        revisions of these provisions can play an important 
        role in efforts to foster and strengthen the bonds of 
        trust and friendship, as well as mutually beneficial 
        trade and economic relations, between the United States 
        and Russia, the United States and Ukraine, and the 
        United States and the other independent states of the 
        former Soviet Union.

SEC. 103. STATUTORY PROVISIONS THAT HAVE BEEN APPLICABLE TO THE SOVIET 
                    UNION.

    (a) In General.--There are numerous statutory provisions 
that were enacted in the context of United States relations 
with a country, the Soviet Union, that are fundamentally 
different from the relations that now exist between the United 
States and Russia, between the United States and Ukraine, and 
between the United States and the other independent states of 
the former Soviet Union.
    (b) Extent of Such Provisions.--Many of the provisions 
referred to in subsection (a) imposed limitations specifically 
with respect to the Soviet Union, and its constituent 
republics, or utilized language that reflected the tension that 
existed between the United States and the Soviet Union at the 
time of their enactment. Other such provisions did not refer 
specifically to the Soviet Union, but nonetheless were directed 
(or may be construed as having been directed) against the 
Soviet Union on the basis of the relations that formerly 
existed between the United States and the Soviet Union, 
particularly in its role as the leading communist country.
    (c) Findings and Affirmation.--The Congress finds and 
affirms that provisions such as those described in this 
section, including--
          (1) section 216 of the State Department Basic 
        Authorities Act of 1956 (22 U.S.C. 4316),
          (2) sections 136 and 804 of the Foreign Relations 
        Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 1986 and 1987 (Public 
        Law 99-93),
          (3) section 1222 of the Foreign Relations 
        Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 1988 and 1989 (Public 
        Law 100-204; 101 Stat. 1411),
          (4) the Multilateral Export Control Enhancement 
        Amendments Act (50 U.S.C. 2410 note, et seq.),
          (5) the joint resolution providing for the 
        designation of ``Captive Nations Week'' (Public Law 86-
        90),
          (6) the Communist Control Act of 1954 (Public Law 83-
        637),
          (7) provisions in the Immigration and Nationality Act 
        (8 U.S.C. 1101 et seq.), including sections 101(a)(40), 
        101(e)(3), and 313(a)(3),
          (8) section 2 of the joint resolution entitled ``A 
        joint resolution to promote peace and stability in the 
        Middle East'', approved March 9, 1957 (Public Law 85-
        7), and
          (9) section 43 of the Bretton Woods Agreements Act 
        (22 U.S.C. 286aa),
should not be construed as being directed against Russia, 
Ukraine, or the other independent states of the former Soviet 
Union, connoting an adversarial relationship between the United 
States and the independent states, or signifying or implying in 
any manner unfriendliness toward the independent states.

                 TITLE II--TRADE AND BUSINESS RELATIONS

SEC. 201. POLICY UNDER EXPORT ADMINISTRATION ACT.

    (a) Conforming Amendments.-- * * *
    (b) Policy Regarding KAL.--
          (1) The Congress finds that--
                  (A) President Yeltsin should be commended for 
                meeting personally with representatives of the 
                families of the victims of the shootdown of 
                Korean Airlines (KAL) Flight 7;
                  (B) President Yeltsin's Government has met on 
                two separate occasions with United States 
                Government and family members to answer 
                questions associated with the shootdown and has 
                arranged for the families to interview Russians 
                involved in the incident or the search and 
                rescue operations that followed;
                  (C) President Yeltsin's Government has also 
                cooperated fully with the International Civil 
                Aviation Organization (ICAO) to allow it to 
                complete its investigation of the incident and 
                has provided numerous materials requested by 
                the ICAO, including radar data and so-called 
                ``black boxes'', the digital flight data and 
                cockpit voice recorders from the flight;
                  (D) the Export Administration Act of 1979 
                continues to state that the United States 
                should continue to object to exceptions to the 
                International Control List for the Union of 
                Soviet Socialist Republics in light of the KAL 
                tragedy, even though the ``no exceptions'' 
                policy was rescinded by President Bush in 1990;
                  (E) the Government of the United States is 
                seeking compensation from the Russian 
                Government on behalf of the families of the KAL 
                victims, and the Congress expects the 
                Administration to continue to pursue issues 
                related to the shootdown, including that of 
                compensation, with officials at the highest 
                level of the Russian Government; and
                  (F) in view of the cooperation provided by 
                President Yeltsin and his government regarding 
                the KAL incident and these other developments, 
                it is appropriate to remove such language from 
                the Export Administration Act of 1979.
          (2) * * *
          * * * * * * *

                        TITLE IX--MISCELLANEOUS

          * * * * * * *

SEC. 905.\1\ MONUMENT TO HONOR VICTIMS OF COMMUNISM.

    (a) Findings.--Congress finds that--
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \1\ Sec. 326 of the Department of the Interior and Related Agencies 
Appropriations Act, 1999 (Public Law 105-277; 112 Stat. 2681-291) 
provided the following:
    ``Sec. 326. Notwithstanding the provisions of section 1010(b) of 
the Commemorative Works Act (40 U.S.C. 1001 et seq.), the legislative 
authority for the international memorial to honor the victims of 
communism, authorized under section 905 of Public Law 103-199 (107 
Stat. 2331), shall expire December 17, 2007.''.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
          (1) since 1917, the rulers of empires and 
        international communism led by Vladimir I. Lenin and 
        Mao Tse-tung have been responsible for the deaths of 
        over 100,000,000 victims in an unprecedented imperial 
        communist holocaust through conquests, revolutions, 
        civil wars, purges, wars by proxy, and other violent 
        means;
          (2) the imperialist regimes of international 
        communism have brutally suppressed the human rights, 
        national independence, religious liberty, intellectual 
        freedom, and cultural life of the peoples of over 40 
        captive nations;
          (3) there is a danger that the heroic sacrifices of 
        the victims of communism may be forgotten as 
        international communism and its imperial bases continue 
        to collapse and crumble; and
          (4) the sacrifices of these victims should be 
        permanently memorialized so that never again will 
        nations and peoples allow so evil a tyranny to 
        terrorize the world.
    (b) Authorization of Memorial.--
          (1) Authorization.--
                  (A) The National Captive Nations Committee, 
                Inc., is authorized to construct, maintain, and 
                operate in the District of Columbia an 
                appropriate international memorial to honor 
                victims of communism.
                  (B) The National Captive Nations Committee, 
                Inc., is encouraged to create an independent 
                entity for the purposes of constructing, 
                maintaining, and operating the memorial.
                  (C) Once created, this entity is encouraged 
                and authorized, to the maximum extent 
                practicable, to include as active participants 
                organizations representing all groups that have 
                suffered under communism.
          (2) Compliance with standards for commemorative 
        works.--The design, location, inscription, and 
        construction of the memorial authorized by paragraph 
        (1) shall be subject to the requirements of the Act 
        entitled ``An Act to provide standards for placement of 
        commemorative works on certain Federal lands in the 
        District of Columbia and its environs, and for other 
        purposes'', approved November 14, 1986 (40 U.S.C. 1001 
        et seq.).
    (c) Payment of Expenses.--The entity referred to in 
subsection (b)(1) shall be solely responsible for acceptance of 
contributions for, and payment of the expenses of, the 
establishment of the memorial. No Federal funds may be used to 
pay any expense of the establishment of the memorial.
    (d) Deposit of Excess Funds.--If, upon payment of all 
expenses of the establishment of the memorial, including the 
maintenance and preservation amount provided for in section 
8(b) of the Act entitled ``An Act to provide standards for 
placement of commemorative works on certain Federal lands in 
the District of Columbia and its environs, and for other 
purposes'', approved November 14, 1986 (40 U.S.C. 1008(b)), or 
upon expiration of the authority for the memorial under section 
10(b) of such Act (40 U.S.C. 4010(b)), there remains a balance 
of funds received for the establishment of the memorial, the 
entity referred to in subsection (b)(1) shall transmit the 
amount of the balance to the Secretary of the Treasury for 
deposit in the account provided for in section 8(b)(1) of such 
Act (40 U.S.C. 1008(b)(1)).
   (2) Freedom for Russia and Emerging Eurasian Democracies and Open 
                      Markets Support Act of 1992

                          FREEDOM Support Act

Partial text of Public Law 102-511 [S. 2532], 106 Stat. 3320, approved 
    October 24, 1992; amended by Public Law 104-66 [Federal Reports 
 Elimination and Sunset Act of 1995; S. 790], 109 Stat. 707, approved 
 December 21, 1995; and by Public Law 105-277 [Department of Education 
  Appropriations Act, 1999; H.R. 4328], 112 Stat. 2681-363, approved 
                            October 21, 1998

AN ACT To support freedom and open markets in the independent states of 
            the former Soviet Union, and for other purposes.

    Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of 
the United States of America in Congress assembled,

SECTION 1.\1\ SHORT TITLES.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Freedom for Russia and 
Emerging Eurasian Democracies and Open Markets Support Act of 
1992'' or the ``FREEDOM Support Act''.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \1\ 22 U.S.C. 5801 note.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

SEC. 2. TABLE OF CONTENTS.

    The table of contents for this Act is as follows:
                                                                   Page

Sec. 1. Short titles.............................................    49
Sec. 2. Table of contents........................................    49
Sec. 3. Definition of independent states.........................    50

                      TITLE I--GENERAL PROVISIONS

Sec. 101. Findings...............................................    51
Sec. 102. Program coordination, implementation, and oversight....    52
Sec. 103. Report on overall assistance and economic cooperation 
  strategy.......................................................    53
Sec. 104. Annual report..........................................    53

           TITLE II--BILATERAL ECONOMIC ASSISTANCE ACTIVITIES

Sec. 201. Support for economic and democratic development in the 
  independent states.............................................    55
Sec. 202. Ineligibility for assistance of institutions 
  withholding certain documents of United States nationals.......    55

             TITLE III--BUSINESS AND COMMERCIAL DEVELOPMENT

Sec. 301. American Business Centers..............................    56
Sec. 302. Business and Agriculture Advisory Council..............    58
Sec. 303. Funding for export promotion activities and capital 
  projects.......................................................    58
Sec. 304. Interagency working group on energy of the Trade 
  Promotion Coordinating Committee...............................    59
Sec. 306. Policy on combatting tied aid practices................    60
Sec. 307. Technical assistance for the Russian Far East..........    60
Sec. 308. Funding for OPIC programs..............................    60

                     TITLE IV--THE DEMOCRACY CORPS

Sec. 401. Authorization for establishment of the Democracy Corps.    60

   TITLE V--NONPROLIFERATION AND DISARMAMENT PROGRAMS AND ACTIVITIES

Sec. 501. Findings...............................................    63
Sec. 502. Eligibility............................................    63
Sec. 503. Nonproliferation and disarmament activities in the 
  independent states.............................................    64
Sec. 504. Nonproliferation and disarmament fund..................    65
Sec. 505. Limitations on defense conversion authorities..........    66
Sec. 506. Soviet weapons destruction.............................    67
Sec. 507. Waiver of certain provisions...........................    67
Sec. 508. Notice and reports to Congress.........................    68
Sec. 509. International nonproliferation initiative..............    69
Sec. 510. Report on special nuclear materials....................    71
Sec. 511. Research and development foundation....................    71

                 TITLE VI--SPACE TRADE AND COOPERATION

Sec. 601. Facilitating discussions regarding the acquisition of 
  space hardware, technology, and services from the former Soviet 
  Union..........................................................    73
Sec. 602. Office of Space Commerce...............................    74
Sec. 603. Report to Congress.....................................    74
Sec. 604. Definitions............................................    74

                     TITLE VII--AGRICULTURAL TRADE

Sec. 703. Assistance for private voluntary organizations.........    75
Sec. 704. Distribution of aid to the independent states of the 
  former Soviet Union............................................    75
Sec. 707. Direct credit sales....................................    75

TITLE VIII--UNITED STATES INFORMATION AGENCY, DEPARTMENT OF STATE, AND 
                    RELATED AGENCIES AND ACTIVITIES

Sec. 802. New diplomatic posts in the independent states.........    76
Sec. 804. Certain positions at United States missions............    76
Sec. 805. International Development Law Institute................    76
Sec. 807. Exchanges and training and similar programs............    76

                       TITLE IX--OTHER PROVISIONS

Sec. 902. Johnson Act............................................    78
Sec. 903. Support for East European Democracy (SEED) Act.........    78
Sec. 906. Eligibility of Baltic states for nonlethal defense 
  articles.......................................................    78
Sec. 907. Restriction on assistance to Azerbaijan................    79

             TITLE X--INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS

Sec. 1004. Support for Macroeconomic Stabilization in the 
  Independent States of the Former Soviet Union..................    79
Sec. 1007. Report on Debt of the Former Soviet Union Held By 
  Commercial Financial Institutions..............................    80
Sec. 1009. Multilateral Investment Guarantees for the Independent 
  States of the Former Soviet Union..............................    80

SEC. 3.\2\ DEFINITION OF INDEPENDENT STATES.

    For purposes of this Act, the terms ``independent states of 
the former Soviet Union'' and ``independent states'' mean the 
following: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, 
Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, 
and Uzbekistan.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \2\ 22 U.S.C. 5801.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

                      TITLE I--GENERAL PROVISIONS

SEC. 101.\3\ FINDINGS.

    The Congress finds that--
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \3\ 22 U.S.C. 5811.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
          (1) recent developments in Russia and the other 
        independent states of the former Soviet Union present 
        an historic opportunity for a transition to a peaceful 
        and stable international order and the integration of 
        the independent states of the former Soviet Union into 
        the community of democratic nations;
          (2) the entire international community has a vital 
        interest in the success of this transition, and the 
        dimension of the problems now faced in the independent 
        states of the former Soviet Union makes it imperative 
        for donor countries and institutions to provide the 
        expertise and support necessary to ensure continued 
        progress on economic and political reforms;
          (3) the United States is especially well-positioned 
        because of its heritage and traditions to make a 
        substantial contribution to this transition by building 
        on current technical cooperation, medical, and food 
        assistance programs, by assisting in the development of 
        democratic institutions, and by fostering conditions 
        that will encourage the United States business 
        community to engage in trade and investment;
          (4) failure to meet the opportunities presented by 
        these developments could threaten United States 
        national security interests and jeopardize substantial 
        savings in United States defense that these 
        developments have made possible;
          (5) the independent states of the former Soviet Union 
        face unprecedented environmental problems that 
        jeopardize the quality of life and the very existence 
        of not only their own peoples but also the peoples of 
        other countries, and it is incumbent on the 
        international community to assist the independent 
        states in addressing these problems and in promoting 
        sustainable use of resources and development;
          (6) the success of United States assistance for the 
        independent states of the former Soviet Union depends 
        on--
                  (A) effective coordination of United States 
                efforts with similar activities of friendly and 
                allied donor countries and of international 
                financial institutions, and
                  (B) reciprocal commitments by the governments 
                of the independent states to work toward the 
                creation of democratic institutions and an 
                environment hospitable to foreign investment 
                based upon the rule of law, including 
                negotiation of bilateral and multilateral 
                agreements on open trade and investment, 
                adoption of commercial codes, establishment of 
                transparency in regulatory and other 
                governmental decision making, and timely 
                payment of obligations carried over from 
                previous governmental entities; and
          (7) trade and investment opportunities in the 
        independent states of the former Soviet Union will 
        generate employment and other economic benefits for the 
        United States as the economies of the independent 
        states of the former Soviet Union begin to realize 
        their enormous potential as both customers and 
        suppliers.

SEC. 102.\4\ PROGRAM COORDINATION, IMPLEMENTATION, AND OVERSIGHT.

    (a) Coordination.--The President shall designate, within 
the Department of State, a coordinator who shall be responsible 
for--
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \4\ 22 U.S.C. 5812. See Executive Order 12884 of December 1, 1993 
(58 F.R. 64099; December 3, 1993), providing for the delegation of 
functions under the Freedom Support Act and related provisions in the 
Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs 
Appropriations Act.
    See also secs. 421-426 of the Admiral James W. Nance and Meg 
Donovan Foreign Relations Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 2000 and 2001 
(H.R. 3427, enacted by reference in sec. 1000(a)(7) of Public Law 106-
113; 113 Stat. 1536), relating to Russia and Ukrainian business 
management education.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
          (1) designing an overall assistance and economic 
        cooperation strategy for the independent states of the 
        former Soviet Union;
          (2) ensuring program and policy coordination among 
        agencies of the United States Government in carrying 
        out the policies set forth in this Act (including the 
        amendments made by this Act and chapter 12 of part I of 
        the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961); \5\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \5\ Sec. 596(c) of the Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and 
Related Programs Appropriations Act, 2000 (H.R. 3422, enacted by 
reference in sec. 1000(a)(2) of Public Law 106-113; 113 Stat. 1535), 
struck out ``this Act)'' and inserted in lieu thereof ``this Act and 
chapter 12 of part I of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961)''.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
          (3) pursuing coordination with other countries and 
        international organizations with respect to assistance 
        to independent states;
          (4) ensuring that United States assistance programs 
        for the independent states are consistent with this Act 
        (including the amendments made by this Act and chapter 
        12 of part I of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961); 
        \5\
          (5) ensuring proper management, implementation, and 
        oversight by agencies responsible for assistance 
        programs for the independent states; and
          (6) resolving policy and program disputes among 
        United States Government agencies with respect to 
        United States assistance for the independent states.
    (b) Export Promotion Activities.--Consistent with 
subsection (a), coordination of activities related to the 
promotion of exports of United States goods and services to the 
independent states of the former Soviet Union shall continue to 
be primarily the responsibility of the Secretary of Commerce, 
in the Secretary's role as Chair of the Trade Promotion 
Coordination Committee.
    (c) International Economic Activities.--Consistent with 
subsection (a), coordination of activities relating to United 
States participation in international financial institutions 
and relating to organization of multilateral efforts aimed at 
currency stabilization, currency convertibility, debt 
reduction, and comprehensive economic reform programs shall 
continue to be primarily the responsibility of the Secretary of 
the Treasury, in the Secretary's role as Chair of the National 
Advisory Council on International Monetary and Financial 
Policies and as the United States Governor of the international 
financial institutions.
    (d) Accountability for Funds.--Any agency managing and 
implementing an assistance program for the independent states 
of the former Soviet Union shall be accountable for any funds 
made available to it for such program.

SEC. 103.\6\ REPORT ON OVERALL ASSISTANCE AND ECONOMIC COOPERATION 
                    STRATEGY.

    (a) Requirement for Submission.--As soon as practicable 
after the date of enactment of this Act, the coordinator 
designated pursuant to section 102(a) shall submit to the 
Congress a report on the overall assistance and economic 
cooperation strategy for the independent states of the former 
Soviet Union that is required to be developed pursuant to 
paragraph (1) of that section.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \6\ 22 U.S.C. 5813.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    (b) Assistance Plan.--The report submitted pursuant to 
subsection (a) shall include a plan specifying--
          (1) the amount of the funds authorized to be 
        appropriated for fiscal year 1993 by chapter 11 of part 
        I of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 proposed to be 
        allocated for each of the categories of activities 
        authorized by section 498 of that Act and to carry out 
        section 301 of this Act (relating to American Business 
        Centers), section 303 of this Act (relating to export 
        promotion activities and capital projects), and title 
        IV of this Act (relating to the Democracy Corps);
          (2) the amount of other funds made available for 
        fiscal year 1993 to carry out the Foreign Assistance 
        Act of 1961 proposed to be allocated for assistance 
        under that Act for the independent states of the former 
        Soviet Union; and
          (3) the amount of funds available for fiscal year 
        1993 under the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 that are 
        proposed to be made to each agency to carry out 
        activities for the independent states under that Act or 
        this Act.

SEC. 104.\7\ ANNUAL REPORT.

    Not later than January 31 of each year, the President shall 
submit to the Congress a report on United States assistance for 
the independent states of the former Soviet Union under this 
Act or other provisions of law. Each such report shall 
include--
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \7\ 22 U.S.C. 5814.
    In a January 29, 1993, memorandum for the Secretary of State, the 
President delegated the functions and authorities relating to the 
report required in this section to the Secretary of State, and further 
authorized their redelegation by the Secretary (Memorandum of January 
29, 1993; 58 F.R. 8201; February 12, 1993).
    Subsequently, in sec. 2(a) of Executive Order 12884 of December 1, 
1993 (58 F.R. 64099; December 3, 1993), the President delegated to the 
Coordinator (as established in sec. 102 of this Act) those functions 
conferred upon the President in sec. 104, further providing that ``the 
Coordinator is authorized to assign responsibility for particular 
aspects of the reports described in that section to the heads of 
appropriate agencies''.
    Title II of the Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related 
Programs Appropriations Act, 2000 (H.R. 3422, enacted by reference in 
sec. 1000(a)(2) of Public Law 106-113; 113 Stat. 1535), provided the 
following:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

   ``assistance for the independent states of the former soviet union
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    ``(a) For necessary expenses to carry out the provisions of chapter 
11 of part I of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 and the FREEDOM 
Support Act, for assistance for the Independent States of the former 
Soviet Union and for related programs, $839,000,000, to remain 
available until September 30, 2001: Provided, That the provisions of 
such chapter shall apply to funds appropriated by this paragraph: 
Provided further, That such sums as may be necessary may be transferred 
to the Export-Import Bank of the United States for the cost of any 
financing under the Export-Import Bank Act of 1945 for activities for 
the Independent States: Provided further, That of the funds made 
available for the Southern Caucasus region, 15 percent should be used 
for confidence-building measures and other activities in furtherance of 
the peaceful resolution of the regional conflicts, especially those in 
the vicinity of Abkhazia and Nagorno-Karabagh: Provided further, That 
of the amounts appropriated under this heading not less than 
$20,000,000 shall be made available solely for the Russian Far East: 
Provided further, That of the funds made available under this heading 
$10,000,000 shall be made available for salaries and expenses to carry 
out the Russian Leadership Program enacted on May 21, 1999 (113 Stat. 
93 et seq.).
    ``(b) Of the funds appropriated under this heading, not less than 
$180,000,000 should be made available for assistance for Ukraine.
    ``(c) Of the funds appropriated under this heading, not less than 
12.92 percent shall be made available for assistance for Georgia.
    ``(d) Of the funds appropriated under this heading, not less than 
12.2 percent shall be made available for assistance for Armenia.
    ``(e) Section 907 of the FREEDOM Support Act shall not apply to--
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

          ``(1) activities to support democracy or assistance under 
        title V of the FREEDOM Support Act and section 1424 of Public 
        Law 104-201;
          ``(2) any assistance provided by the Trade and Development 
        Agency under section 661 of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 
        (22 U.S.C. 2421);
          ``(3) any activity carried out by a member of the United 
        States and Foreign Commercial Service while acting within his 
        or her official capacity;
          ``(4) any insurance, reinsurance, guarantee, or other 
        assistance provided by the Overseas Private Investment 
        Corporation under title IV of chapter 2 of part I of the 
        Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2191 et seq.);
          ``(5) any financing provided under the Export-Import Bank Act 
        of 1945; or
          ``(6) humanitarian assistance.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    ``(f) Of the funds made available under this heading for nuclear 
safety activities, not to exceed 9 percent of the funds provided for 
any single project may be used to pay for management costs incurred by 
a United States national lab in administering said project.
    ``(g) Not more than 25 percent of the funds appropriated under this 
heading may be made available for assistance for any country in the 
region. Activities authorized under title V (nonproliferation and 
disarmament programs and activities) of the FREEDOM Support Act shall 
not be counted against the 25 percent limitation.
    ``(h) Of the funds appropriated under title II of this Act not less 
than $12,000,000 should be made available for assistance for Mongolia 
of which not less than $6,000,000 should be made available from funds 
appropriated under this heading: Provided, That funds made available 
for assistance for Mongolia may be made available in accordance with 
the purposes and utilizing the authorities provided in chapter 11 of 
part I of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961.
    ``(i)(1) Of the funds appropriated under this heading that are 
allocated for assistance for the Government of the Russian Federation, 
50 percent shall be withheld from obligation until the President 
determines and certifies in writing to the Committees on Appropriations 
that the Government of the Russian Federation has terminated 
implementation of arrangements to provide Iran with technical 
expertise, training, technology, or equipment necessary to develop a 
nuclear reactor, related nuclear research facilities or programs, or 
ballistic missile capability.
    ``(2) Paragraph (1) shall not apply to--
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

          ``(A) assistance to combat infectious diseases and child 
        survival activities; and
          ``(B) activities authorized under title V (Nonproliferation 
        and Disarmament Programs and Activities) of the FREEDOM Support 
        Act.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    ``(j) None of the funds appropriated under this heading may be made 
available for the Government of the Russian Federation, until the 
Secretary of State certifies to the Committees on Appropriations that: 
(1) Russian armed and peacekeeping forces deployed in Kosova have not 
established a separate sector of operational control; and (2) any 
Russian armed forces deployed in Kosova are operating under NATO 
unified command and control arrangements.
    ``(k) Of the funds appropriated under this title, not less than 
$14,700,000 shall be made available for maternal and neo-natal health 
activities in the independent states of the former Soviet Union, of 
which at least 60 percent should be made available for the preventive 
care and treatment of mothers and infants in Russia.''.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
          (1) an assessment of the progress each independent 
        state has made in meeting the standards set forth in 
        section 498A of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, 
        including a description of the steps each independent 
        state has taken or is taking toward meeting those 
        standards and a discussion of additional steps that 
        each independent state could take to meet those 
        standards;
          (2) a description of the United States assistance for 
        each independent state that was provided during the 
        preceding fiscal year, is planned for the current 
        fiscal year, and is proposed for the coming fiscal 
        year, specifying the extent to which such assistance 
        for the preceding fiscal year and for current fiscal 
        year has actually been delivered;
          (3) an assessment of the effectiveness of United 
        States assistance in achieving its purposes; \8\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \8\ Sec. 596(d) of the Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and 
Related Programs Appropriations Act, 2000 (H.R. 3422, enacted by 
reference in sec. 1000(a)(2) of Public Law 106-113; 113 Stat. 1535), 
struck out ``and'' at the end of para. (3), replaced the period at the 
end of para. (4) with ``; and'', and added a new para. (5).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
          (4) an evaluation of the manner in which the 
        ``notwithstanding'' authority provided in section 
        498B(j)(1) of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, and 
        the ``notwithstanding'' authority provided in any other 
        provision of law with respect to assistance for the 
        independent states, has been used and why the use of 
        that authority was necessary; and \8\
          (5) \8\ with respect to the countries of the South 
        Caucasus and Central Asia--
                  (A) an identification of the progress made by 
                the United States in accomplishing the policy 
                described in section 3 of the Silk Road 
                Strategy Act of 1999;
                  (B) an evaluation of the degree to which the 
                assistance authorized by chapter 12 of part I 
                of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 has 
                accomplished the purposes identified in that 
                chapter;
                  (C) a description of the progress being made 
                by the United States to resolve trade disputes 
                registered with and raised by the United States 
                embassies in each country, and to negotiate a 
                bilateral agreement relating to the protection 
                of United States direct investment in, and 
                other business interests with, each country; 
                and
                  (D) recommendations of any additional 
                initiatives that should be undertaken by the 
                United States to implement the policy and 
                purposes contained in the Silk Road Strategy 
                Act of 1999.

           TITLE II--BILATERAL ECONOMIC ASSISTANCE ACTIVITIES

SEC. 201. SUPPORT FOR ECONOMIC AND DEMOCRATIC DEVELOPMENT IN THE 
                    INDEPENDENT STATES.

    Part I of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 is amended by 
adding after chapter 10 the following:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \9\ Codified at 22 U.S.C. 2295-2295C. Incorporated into the Foreign 
Assistance Act of 1961 (Public Law 87-195) as secs. 498-498C. For text, 
see Legislation on Foreign Relations Through 1999, vol. I-A.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

 ``Chapter 11--Support for the Economic and Democratic Development of 
     the Independent States of the Former Soviet Union * * *'' \9\

SEC. 202.\10\ INELIGIBILITY FOR ASSISTANCE OF INSTITUTIONS WITHHOLDING 
                    CERTAIN DOCUMENTS OF UNITED STATES NATIONALS.

    (a) Prohibition.--Except as provided in subsections (b) and 
(c), an agency, instrumentality, or other governmental entity 
of an independent state of the former Soviet Union shall not be 
eligible to receive assistance under chapter 11 of part I of 
the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 if--
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \10\ 22 U.S.C. 2295a note.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
          (1) on the date of enactment of this Act, there is 
        outstanding a final judgment by a court of competent 
        jurisdiction in that independent state that that 
        governmental entity is withholding unlawfully books or 
        other documents of religious or historical significance 
        that are the property of United States persons; and
          (2) within 90 days of a request by such United States 
        persons, the Secretary of State determines that 
        execution of the court's judgment is blocked as the 
        result of extrajudicial causes such as any of the 
        following:
                  (A) A declared refusal of the defendant to 
                comply.
                  (B) The unwillingness or failure of local 
                authorities to enforce compliance.
                  (C) The issuance of an administrative decree 
                nullifying a court's judgment or forbidding 
                compliance.
                  (D) The passage of legislation, after a 
                court's judgment, nullifying that judgment or 
                forbidding compliance with that judgment.
    (b) Exception for Humanitarian Assistance.--The prohibition 
contained in subsection (a) shall not apply to the provision of 
assistance to alleviate suffering resulting from a natural or 
man-made disaster.
    (c) Waiver Authority.--The Secretary of State may waive the 
application of subsection (a) whenever the Secretary finds 
that--
          (1) the court's judgment has been executed; or
          (2) it is important to the national interest of the 
        United States to do so.
    (d) Report.--Nine months after the date of enactment of 
this Act, the Secretary of State shall report to the Speaker of 
the House of Representatives and the Chairman of the Committee 
on Foreign Relations of the Senate on the status of final 
judgments described in subsection (a)(1).
    (e) United States Person.--For purposes of this section, 
the term ``United States person'' means--
          (1) any citizen, national, or permanent resident 
        alien of the United States; and
          (2) any corporation, partnership, or other juridical 
        entity which is 50 percent or more beneficially owned 
        by individuals described in paragraph (1).

             TITLE III--BUSINESS AND COMMERCIAL DEVELOPMENT

SEC. 301.\11\ AMERICAN BUSINESS CENTERS.
    (a) Establishment.--The President is authorized and 
encouraged to establish American Business Centers in the 
independent states of the former Soviet Union receiving 
assistance under chapter 11 of part I of the Foreign Assistance 
Act of 1961 where the President determines that such centers 
can be cost-effective in promoting the objectives described in 
section 498 of that Act and United States economic interests 
and in establishing commercial partnerships between the people 
of the United States and the peoples of the independent states.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \11\ 22 U.S.C. 5821. Section 2(b) of Executive Order 12884 of 
December 1, 1993 (58 F.R. 64099; December 3, 1993) delegated to the 
Coordinator (as established in section 102 of this Act) those functions 
conferred upon the President in sec. 301, ``insofar as it related to 
determinations and directives''.
    Sec. 3 of Executive Order 12884, as amended, however, ``delegated 
to the Secretary of State the functions conferred upon the President 
by:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

          ``(a) sections 301(a) and 307 of the Act, except insofar as 
        provided otherwise in section 2(b) of this order;''.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    This delegation of authority is subject to the authority of the 
Coordinator (as established in sec. 102).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    (b) Environmental Business Centers and Agribusiness 
Centers.--For purposes of this section, the term ``American 
Business Centers'' includes the following:
          (1) Environmental business centers in those 
        independent states that offer promising market 
        possibilities for the export of United States 
        environmental goods and services. To the maximum extent 
        practicable, these environmental business centers 
        should be established as a component of other centers.
          (2) Agribusiness centers that include the 
        participation of private United States agribusinesses 
        or agricultural cooperatives, private nonprofit 
        organizations, State universities and land grant 
        colleges, and financial institutions, that make 
        appropriate contributions of equipment, materials, and 
        personnel for the operation of such centers. The 
        purposes of these agribusiness centers shall be--
                  (A) to enhance the ability of farmers and 
                other agribusiness practitioners in the 
                independent states to better meet the needs of 
                the people of the independent states;
                  (B) to assist the transition from a command 
                and control system in agriculture to a free 
                market system; and
                  (C) to facilitate the demonstration and use 
                of United States agricultural equipment and 
                technology.
    (c) Additional Policy Guidance.--To the maximum extent 
possible, and consistent with the particular purposes of the 
specific types of centers, the President should direct that--
          (1) the American Business Centers established 
        pursuant to this section place special emphasis on 
        assistance to United States small- and medium-sized 
        businesses to facilitate their entry into the 
        commercial markets of the independent states;
          (2) such centers offer office space, business 
        facilities, and market analysis services to United 
        States firms, trade associations, and State economic 
        development offices on a user-fee basis that minimizes 
        the cost of operating such centers;
          (3) such centers serve as a repository for 
        commercial, legal, and technical information, including 
        environmental and export control information;
          (4) such centers identify existing or potential 
        counterpart businesses or organizations that may 
        require specific technical coordination or assistance;
          (5) such centers be established in several sites in 
        the independent states; and
          (6) host countries be asked to make appropriate 
        contributions of real estate and personnel for the 
        establishment and operation of such centers.
    (d) Funding.--
          (1) Reimbursement agreement.--Not later than 90 days 
        after the date of enactment of this Act, the 
        Administrator of the Agency for International 
        Development shall conclude a reimbursement agreement 
        with the Secretary of Commerce for the Department of 
        Commerce's services in establishing and operating 
        American Business Centers pursuant to this section.
          (2) Authorization of appropriations.--Of the amount 
        authorized to be appropriated to carry out chapter 11 
        of part I of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, up to 
        $12,000,000 for fiscal year 1993 are authorized to be 
        appropriated to carry out this section, in addition to 
        amounts otherwise available for such purpose.

SEC. 302.\12\ BUSINESS AND AGRICULTURE ADVISORY COUNCIL.

    (a) Establishment.--The President is authorized to 
establish an advisory council to be known as the Independent 
States Business and Agriculture Advisory Council (hereinafter 
in this section referred to as the ``Council'')--
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \12\ 22 U.S.C. 5822.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
          (1) to consult with and advise the President 
        periodically regarding programs of assistance for the 
        independent states of the former Soviet Union; and
          (2) to evaluate, and consult periodically with the 
        President regarding, the adequacy of bilateral and 
        multilateral assistance programs that would facilitate 
        exports by United States companies to, and investments 
        by United States companies in, the independent states.
    (b) Membership.--The Council should consist of 15 members, 
appointed by the President, who are drawn from United States 
companies reflecting diverse businesses and perspectives that 
have experience and expertise in dealing with the independent 
states of the former Soviet Union. The President should 
designate one such member to serve as Chair of the Council. 
Five such members should be appointed upon the recommendation 
of the Speaker and the Minority Leader of the House of 
Representatives and 5 should be appointed upon the 
recommendation of the Majority Leader and Minority Leader of 
the Senate. Members of the Council shall receive no 
compensation from the United States Government by reason of 
their service on the Council.
    (c) Staff.--Upon request of the Chair of the Council, the 
head of any United States Government agency may detail, on a 
nonreimbursable basis, any of the personnel of such agency to 
the Council to assist the Council.

SEC. 303.\13\ FUNDING FOR EXPORT PROMOTION ACTIVITIES AND CAPITAL 
                    PROJECTS.

    (a) Allocation of A.I.D. Funds.--The President is 
encouraged to use a portion of the funds made available for the 
independent states of the former Soviet Union under chapter 11 
of part I of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961--
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \13\ 22 U.S.C. 5823.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
          (1) to fund the export promotion, finance, and 
        related activities carried out pursuant to subsection 
        (b)(1), including activities relating to the export of 
        intermediary goods; and
          (2) to fund capital projects, including projects for 
        telecommunications, environmental cleanup, power 
        production, and energy related projects.
    (b) Export Promotion, Finance, and Related Activities.--The 
Secretary of Commerce, as Chair of the Trade Promotion 
Coordination Committee, should, in conjunction with other 
members of that committee, design and implement programs to 
provide adequate commercial and technical assistance to United 
States businesses seeking markets in the independent states of 
the former Soviet Union, including the following:
          (1) Increasing the United States and Foreign 
        Commercial Service presence in the independent states, 
        in particular in the Russian Far Eastern cities of 
        Vladivostok and Khabarovsk.
          (2) Preparing profiles of export opportunities for 
        United States businesses in the independent states and 
        providing other technical assistance.
          (3) Utilizing the Market Development Cooperator 
        Program under section 2303 of the Export Enhancement 
        Act of 1988 (15 U.S.C. 4723).
          (4) Developing programs specifically for the purpose 
        of assisting small- and medium-sized businesses in 
        entering commercial markets of the independent states. 
        In carrying out this paragraph, the Secretary of 
        Commerce, to the extent possible, should work directly 
        with private sector organizations with proven 
        experience in trade and economic relations with the 
        independent states.
          (5) Supporting projects undertaken by the United 
        States business community on the basis of partnership, 
        joint venture, contractual, or other cooperative 
        agreements with appropriate entities in the independent 
        states.
          (6) Supporting export finance programs, feasibility 
        studies, political risk insurance, and other related 
        programs through increased funding and flexibility in 
        the implementation of such programs.
          (7) Supporting the Business Information Service 
        (BISNIS) and its related programs.

SEC. 304.\14\ INTERAGENCY WORKING GROUP ON ENERGY OF THE TRADE 
                    PROMOTION COORDINATING COMMITTEE.

    The Trade Promotion Coordinating Committee should utilize 
its interagency working group on energy to assist United States 
energy sector companies to develop a long-term strategy for 
penetrating the energy market in the independent states of the 
former Soviet Union. The working group should--
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \14\ 22 U.S.C. 5824.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
          (1) work with officials from the independent states 
        in creating an environment conducive to United States 
        energy investment;
          (2) help to coordinate assistance to United States 
        companies involved with projects to clean up former 
        Soviet nuclear weapons sites and commercial nuclear 
        waste; and
          (3) work with representatives from United States 
        business and industry involved with the energy sector 
        to help facilitate the identification of business 
        opportunities, including the promotion of oil, gas, and 
        clean coal technology and products, energy efficiency, 
        and the formation of joint ventures between United 
        States companies and companies of the independent 
        nations.

SEC. 305.\15\ * * * [Repealed--1995]
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \15\ Formerly at 22 U.S.C. 5825; repealed by sec. 1021(e) of Public 
Law 104-66 (109 Stat. 713). Sec. 305 required the Secretary of Commerce 
to report annually to Congress on implementation of this Act, on the 
programs of other industrialized nations establishing business in 
former Soviet Union, and on related trade and pricing practices of 
other OECD nations.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

SEC. 306.\16\ POLICY ON COMBATTING TIED AID PRACTICES.

    Should the Secretary of the Treasury determine that foreign 
countries are engaged in tied aid practices with respect to any 
of the independent states of the former Soviet Union that 
violate the 1991 Helsinki agreement of the Organization for 
Economic Cooperation and Development, the President should give 
priority attention to combatting such practices.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \16\ 22 U.S.C. 5826.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

SEC. 307.\17\ TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE FOR THE RUSSIAN FAR EAST.

    (a) Authorization.--The President is authorized to provide 
technical assistance, through an American university in a 
region which received nonstop air service to and from the 
Russian Far East as of July 1, 1992, to facilitate the 
development of United States business opportunities, free 
markets, and democratic institutions in the Russian Far East.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \17\ 22 U.S.C. 5827. Sec. 3(a) of Executive Order 12884 of December 
1, 1993 (58 F.R. 64099; December 3, 1993), as amended, delegated to the 
Secretary of State the functions conferred upon the President by sec. 
307. This delegation of authority is subject to the authority of the 
Coordinator (as established in sec. 102).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    (b) Authorization of Appropriations.--There are authorized 
to be appropriated $2,000,000 to carry out subsection (a).

SEC. 308.\18\ FUNDING FOR OPIC PROGRAMS.

    (a) Authority to Make Additional Funds Available.--Funds 
authorized to be appropriated for fiscal year 1993 to carry out 
chapter 11 of part I of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 may 
be made available to cover costs incurred by the Overseas 
Private Investment Corporation in carrying out programs with 
respect to the independent states of the former Soviet Union 
under title IV of chapter 2 of part I of that Act (22 U.S.C. 
2191 and following), in addition to amounts otherwise available 
for that purpose.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \18\ 22 U.S.C. 5828.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    (b) Enactment of OPIC Authorization Act.--The authority of 
subsection (a) shall cease to be effective upon the enactment 
of the Overseas Private Investment Corporation Act Amendments 
Act of 1992.\19\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \19\ The Overseas Private Investment Corporation Act Amendments Act 
of 1992 was incorporated into the Jobs Through Exports Act of 1992 
(Public Law 102-549; 106 Stat. 3651), and reauthorized OPIC in the 
Foreign Assistance Act of 1961.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

                     TITLE IV--THE DEMOCRACY CORPS

SEC. 401.\20\ AUTHORIZATION FOR ESTABLISHMENT OF THE DEMOCRACY CORPS.

    (a) Establishment; Purpose.--The President is authorized to 
provide for the establishment of the Democracy Corps as a 
private nonprofit organization, incorporated in the District of 
Columbia, whose purpose shall be to maintain a presence in the 
independent states of the former Soviet Union as described in 
subsection (c).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \20\ 22 U.S.C. 5841.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    (b) Board of Directors.--The Board of Directors of the 
Democracy Corps shall have not more than 10 members, appointed 
by the President. Individuals appointed to the Board--
          (1) shall, individually or through the organizations 
        they represent, have experience and expertise 
        appropriate to carrying out the purpose of the 
        Democracy Corps, including involvement either with 
        activities of the type described in subsection (d) or 
        in the independent states;
          (2) shall be United States citizens; and
          (3) may not be officers or employees of the United 
        States Government or Members of Congress.
    (c) Grants to the Democracy Corps; Purpose.--The 
Administrator is authorized to make an annual grant to the 
Democracy Corps with the funds made available pursuant to this 
section. The purpose of such grants shall be to enable the 
Democracy Corps to maintain a presence in independent states of 
the former Soviet Union that will assist at the local level in 
the development of--
          (1) institutions of democratic governance (including 
        judicial, electoral, legislative, and administrative 
        processes), and
          (2) the nongovernmental organizations of a civil 
        society (including charitable, educational, trade 
        union, business, professional, voluntary, community, 
        and other civic organizations),
by mobilizing the expertise of the American people to provide 
practical assistance through ``on the ground'' person-to-person 
advice, technical assistance, and small grants to indigenous 
individuals and indigenous entities, in accordance with 
subsection (d).
    (d) Activities.--The Democracy Corps shall be required to 
carry out its purpose through the placement within the 
independent states of teams of United States citizens with 
appropriate expertise and knowledge. Under guidelines developed 
by the Board, these teams shall assist indigenous individuals 
and entities in the independent states that are involved in the 
development of the institutions and organizations referred to 
in paragraphs (1) and (2) of subsection (c) by--
          (1) providing advice and technical assistance;
          (2) making small grants (which in most cases should 
        not exceed $5,000) to such individuals and entities to 
        assist the development of those institutions and 
        organizations;
          (3) identifying other sources of assistance; and
          (4) operating local centers to serve as information, 
        logistical, and educational centers and otherwise 
        encourage cooperation and effectiveness by those 
        involved in the development of democratic institutions, 
        a market-oriented economy, and a civil society in the 
        independent states.
These local centers may be designated as ``Democracy Houses'' 
or given another appropriate appellation.
    (e) Grant Agreement.--Grants under this section shall be 
made pursuant to a grant agreement requiring the Democracy 
Corps to comply with the requirements specified in this section 
and with such other terms and conditions as the Administrator 
may require, which shall include requirements regarding 
consultation with the coordinator designated pursuant to 
section 102(a), conflicts of interest, and accountability for 
funds, including a requirement for annual independent audits.
    (f) Coordination.--The Democracy Corps shall be required 
to--
          (1) coordinate its activities pursuant to this 
        section with the programs and activities of other 
        entities operating in or providing assistance to the 
        independent states of the former Soviet Union in 
        support of the development of democratic institutions, 
        a market-oriented economy, and a civil society; and
          (2) ensure that its activities pursuant to this 
        section are designed to avoid duplication with 
        activities carried out under other United States 
        Government foreign assistance and international 
        information, educational, cultural, and exchange 
        programs.
    (g) Prohibition on Campaign Financing.--Funds made 
available to the Democracy Corps under this section may not be 
expended by the Democracy Corps, or any recipient of a grant 
from the Democracy Corps, to finance the campaigns of 
candidates for public office.
    (h) Freedom of Information.--
          (1) In general.--Notwithstanding the fact that the 
        Democracy Corps is not an agency or establishment of 
        the United States Government, the Democracy Corps shall 
        be required to comply fully with all of the provisions 
        of section 552 of title 5, United States Code.
          (2) Publication in federal register.--For purposes of 
        complying pursuant to paragraph (1) with section 
        552(a)(1) of title 5, the Democracy Corps shall make 
        available to the Administrator such records and other 
        information as the Administrator determines may be 
        necessary for such purposes. The Administrator shall 
        cause such records and other information to be 
        published in the Federal Register.
          (3) AID review.--In the event that the Democracy 
        Corps determines not to comply with a request for 
        records under section 552 of title 5, the Democracy 
        Corps shall submit a report to the Administrator 
        explaining the reasons for not complying with such 
        request. If the Administrator approves such 
        determination, the Agency for International Development 
        shall assume full responsibility, including financial 
        responsibility, for defending the Democracy Corps in 
        any litigation relating to such request. If the 
        Administrator disapproves such determination, the 
        Democracy Corps shall be required to comply with such 
        request.
    (i) Annual Reports.--The Board shall be required to submit 
to the Administrator and the Congress, not later than January 
31 each year, a comprehensive report on the activities of the 
Democracy Corps. Each such report shall list each grant made by 
the Democracy Corps under subsection (d)(2) during the 
preceding fiscal year, specifying the grantee and the amount of 
the grant.
    (j) Authorization of Appropriations.--Of the amount 
authorized to be appropriated to carry out chapter 11 of part I 
of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, up to $15,000,000 for 
fiscal year 1993 are authorized to be appropriated for grants 
to the Democracy Corps under this section, in addition to 
amounts otherwise available for such purpose.
    (k) Sunset Provision.--Grants may not be made to the 
Democracy Corps under this section after the end of fiscal year 
1997.
    (l) Definitions.--As used in this section--
          (1) the term ``Administrator'' means the 
        Administrator of the Agency for International 
        Development; and
          (2) the term ``Board'' means the Board of Directors 
        of the Democracy Corps.

   TITLE V--NONPROLIFERATION AND DISARMAMENT PROGRAMS AND ACTIVITIES

SEC. 501.\21\ FINDINGS.

    The Congress finds that it is in the national security 
interest of the United States--
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    \21\ 22 U.S.C. 5851.
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          (1) to facilitate, on a priority basis--
                  (A) the transportation, storage, 
                safeguarding, and destruction of nuclear and 
                other weapons of mass destruction of the 
                independent states of the former Soviet Union;
                  (B) the prevention of proliferation of 
                weapons of mass destruction and destabilizing 
                conventional weapons of the independent states, 
                and the establishment of verifiable safeguards 
                against the proliferation of such weapons;
                  (C) the prevention of diversion of weapons-
                related scientific expertise of the former 
                Soviet Union to terrorist groups or third 
                countries; and
                  (D) other efforts designed to reduce the 
                military threat from the former Soviet Union;
          (2) to support the conversion of the massive defense-
        related industry and equipment of the independent 
        states of the former Soviet Union for civilian purposes 
        and uses; and
          (3) to expand military-to-military contacts between 
        the United States and the independent states.

SEC. 502.\22\ ELIGIBILITY.

    Funds may be obligated for a fiscal year for assistance or 
other programs or activities for an independent state of the 
former Soviet Union under sections 503 and 504 only if the 
President has certified to the Congress,\23\ during that fiscal 
year, that such independent state is committed to--
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    \22\ 22 U.S.C. 5852.
    \23\ In a memorandum of December 30, 1992, for the Secretaries of 
State and Defense, and the Director, OMB, the President delegated 
authority established in sec. 502 of the FREEDOM Support Act and in 
sec. 1412(d) of Public Law 102-484 to the Secretary of State. The 
President further delegated authority in secs. 1412(a), 1431, and 1432 
of Public Law 102-484, and in secs. 503 and 508 of the FREEDOM Support 
Act to the Secretary of Defense. That memorandum further provided that: 
``The Secretary of Defense shall not exercise authority delegated * * * 
with respect to any former Soviet republic unless the Secretary of 
State has exercised his authority and performed the duty delegated * * 
* with respect to that former Soviet Republic. The Secretary of Defense 
shall not obligated funds in the exercise of authority delegated * * * 
unless the Director of the Office of Management and Budget has 
determined that expenditures during fiscal year 1993 pursuant to such 
obligation shall be counted against the defense category of 
discretionary spending limits for that fiscal year (as defined in 
section 601(a)(2) of the Congressional Budget Act of 1974) for purposes 
of Part C of the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 
1985.''. (58 F.R. 3193; January 8, 1993).
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          (1) making a substantial investment of its resources 
        for dismantling or destroying such weapons of mass 
        destruction, if that independent state has an 
        obligation under a treaty or other agreement to destroy 
        or dismantle any such weapons;
          (2) forgoing any military modernization program that 
        exceeds legitimate defense requirements and forgoing 
        the replacement of destroyed weapons of mass 
        destruction;
          (3) forgoing any use in new nuclear weapons of 
        fissionable or other components of destroyed nuclear 
        weapons; and
          (4) facilitating United States verification of any 
        weapons destruction carried out under section 503(a) or 
        504(a) of this Act or section 212 of the Soviet Nuclear 
        Threat Reduction Act of 1991 (title II of Public Law 
        102-228; 22 U.S.C. 2551 note).\24\
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    \24\ For the Soviet Nuclear Threat Reduction Act of 1991, see 
Legislation on Foreign Relations Through 1999, vol. II.
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SEC. 503.\25\ NONPROLIFERATION AND DISARMAMENT ACTIVITIES IN THE 
                    INDEPENDENT STATES.

    (a) Authorization.--The President is authorized \26\ to 
promote bilateral and multilateral nonproliferation and 
disarmament activities--
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    \25\ 22 U.S.C. 5853. See also sec. 1138, transfer of funding for 
science and technology centers in the former Soviet Union, and sec. 
1139, research and exchange activities by science and technology 
centers, in the Arms Control, Nonproliferation, and Security Assistance 
Act of 1999 (Division B of the Admiral James W. Nance and Meg Donovan 
Foreign Relations Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 2001 and 2001 
(enacted by reference in sec. 1000(a)(7) of Public Law 106-113; 113 
Stat. 1536).
    \26\ In a memorandum of December 30, 1992, for the Secretaries of 
State and Defense, and the Director, OMB, the President delegated 
authority established in sec. 502 of the FREEDOM Support Act and in 
sec. 1412(d) of Public Law 102-484 to the Secretary of State. The 
President further delegated authority in secs. 1412(a), 1431, and 1432 
of Public Law 102-484, and in secs. 503 and 508 of the FREEDOM Support 
Act to the Secretary of Defense. That memorandum further provided that: 
``The Secretary of Defense shall not exercise authority delegated * * * 
with respect to any former Soviet republic unless the Secretary of 
State has exercised his authority and performed the duty delegated * * 
* with respect to that former Soviet Republic. The Secretary of Defense 
shall not obligated funds in the exercise of authority delegated * * * 
unless the Director of the Office of Management and Budget has 
determined that expenditures during fiscal year 1993 pursuant to such 
obligation shall be counted against the defense category of 
discretionary spending limits for that fiscal year (as defined in 
section 601(a)(2) of the Congressional Budget Act of 1974) for purposes 
of Part C of the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 
1985.''. (58 F.R. 3193; January 8, 1993).
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          (1) by supporting the dismantlement and destruction 
        of nuclear, biological, and chemical weapons, their 
        delivery systems, and conventional weapons of the 
        independent states of the former Soviet Union;
          (2) by supporting bilateral and multilateral efforts 
        to halt the proliferation of nuclear, biological, and 
        chemical weapons, their delivery systems, related 
        technologies, and other weapons of the independent 
        states, including activities such as--
                  (A) the storage, transportation, and 
                safeguarding of such weapons, and
                  (B) the purchase, barter, or other 
                acquisition of such weapons or materials 
                derived from such weapons;
          (3) by establishing programs for safeguarding against 
        the proliferation of nuclear, biological, chemical, and 
        other weapons of the independent states;
          (4) by establishing programs for preventing diversion 
        of weapons-related scientific and technical expertise 
        of the independent states to terrorist groups or to 
        third countries;
          (5) by establishing science and technology centers in 
        the independent states for the purpose of engaging 
        weapons scientists and engineers of the independent 
        states (in particular those who were previously 
        involved in the design and production of nuclear, 
        biological, and chemical weapons) in productive, 
        nonmilitary undertakings; and
          (6) by establishing programs for facilitating the 
        conversion of military technologies and capabilities 
        and defense industries of the former Soviet Union into 
        civilian activities.
    (b) Funding Priorities.--Priority in carrying out this 
section shall be given to the activities described in 
paragraphs (1) through (5) of subsection (a).
    (c) Use of Defense Funds.--
          (1) Authorization.--In recognition of the direct 
        contributions to the national security interests of the 
        United States of the programs and activities authorized 
        by subsection (a), the President is authorized to make 
        available for use in carrying out those programs and 
        activities, in addition to amounts otherwise available 
        for such purposes, funds made available pursuant to 
        sections 108 and 109 of Public Law 102-229 or under the 
        amendments made by section 506(a) of this Act.\27\
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    \27\ For title I of Public Law 102-229, see Legislation on Foreign 
Relations Through 1999, vol. II.
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          (2) Limitation.--Funds described in paragraph (1) may 
        not be obligated for programs and activities under 
        subsection (a) unless the Director of the Office of 
        Management and Budget has determined that expenditures 
        during fiscal year 1993 pursuant to such obligation 
        shall be counted against the defense category of the 
        discretionary spending limits for that fiscal year (as 
        defined in section 601(a)(2) of the Congressional 
        Budget Act of 1974) for purposes of part C of the 
        Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 
        1985.

SEC. 504.\28\ NONPROLIFERATION AND DISARMAMENT FUND.

    (a) Authorization.--The President is authorized to promote 
bilateral and multilateral nonproliferation and disarmament 
activities--
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \28\ 22 U.S.C. 5854. Authorities and duties vested in the President 
under this section are delegated to the Secretary of State, in 
consultation with the Secretary of Defense and other appropriate 
agencies (Presidential memorandum of April 21, 1994; 59 F.R. 21619). 
Funds appropriated or otherwise made available for the Nonproliferation 
and Disarmament Fund are, furthermore, allocated to the Secretary of 
State, by the same memorandum.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
          (1) by supporting the dismantlement and destruction 
        of nuclear, biological, and chemical weapons, their 
        delivery systems, and conventional weapons;
          (2) by supporting bilateral and multilateral efforts 
        to halt the proliferation of nuclear, biological, and 
        chemical weapons, their delivery systems, related 
        technologies, and other weapons, including activities 
        such as--
                  (A) the storage, transportation, and 
                safeguarding of such weapons, and
                  (B) the purchase, barter, or other 
                acquisition of such weapons or materials 
                derived from such weapons;
          (3) by establishing programs for safeguarding against 
        the proliferation of nuclear, biological, chemical, and 
        other weapons of the independent states of the former 
        Soviet Union;
          (4) by establishing programs for preventing diversion 
        of weapons-related scientific and technical expertise 
        of the independent states to terrorist groups or to 
        third countries;
          (5) by establishing science and technology centers in 
        the independent states for the purpose of engaging 
        weapons scientists and engineers of the independent 
        states (in particular those who were previously 
        involved in the design and production of nuclear, 
        biological, and chemical weapons) in productive, 
        nonmilitary undertakings; and
          (6) by establishing programs for facilitating the 
        conversion of military technologies and capabilities 
        and defense industries of the former Soviet Union into 
        civilian activities.
    (b) Funding Priorities.--Priority in carrying out this 
section shall be given to the activities described in 
paragraphs (1) through (5) of subsection (a).
    (c) Use of Security Assistance Funds.--
          (1) Authorization.--In recognition of the direct 
        contributions to the national security interests of the 
        United States of the programs and activities authorized 
        by subsection (a), the President is authorized to make 
        available for use in carrying out those programs and 
        activities, in addition to amounts otherwise available 
        for such purposes, up to $100,000,000 of security 
        assistance funds for fiscal year 1993.
          (2) Definition.--As used in paragraph (1), the term 
        ``security assistance funds'' means funds made 
        available for assistance under chapter 4 of part II of 
        the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (relating to the 
        Economic Support Fund) or assistance under section 23 
        of the Arms Export Control Act (relating to the 
        ``Foreign Military Financing Program'').
          (3) Exemption from certain restrictions.--Section 
        531(e) of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, and any 
        provision that corresponds to section 510 of the 
        Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related 
        Programs Appropriations Act, 1991 (relating to the 
        prohibition on financing exports of nuclear equipment, 
        fuel, and technology), shall not apply with respect to 
        funds used pursuant to this subsection.

SEC. 505.\29\ LIMITATIONS ON DEFENSE CONVERSION AUTHORITIES.

    Notwithstanding any other provision of law (including any 
other provision of this Act), funds may not be obligated in any 
fiscal year for purposes of facilitating the conversion of 
military technologies and capabilities and defense industries 
of the former Soviet Union into civilian activities, as 
authorized by sections 503(a)(6) and 504(a)(6) or any other 
provision of law, unless the President has previously obligated 
in the same fiscal year an amount equal to or greater than that 
amount of funds for defense conversion and defense transition 
activities in the United States. For purposes of this section, 
the term ``defense conversion and defense transition activities 
in the United States'' means those United States Government 
funded programs whose primary purpose is to assist United 
States private sector defense workers, United States companies 
that manufacture or otherwise provide defense goods or 
services, or United States communities adversely affected by 
reductions in United States defense spending, such as programs 
funded through the Office of Economic Adjustment in the 
Department of Defense or through \30\ the Economic Development 
Administration.
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    \29\ 22 U.S.C. 5855.
    \30\ Sec. 405(f)(20) of the Department of Education Appropriations 
Act, 1999 (title III of sec. 101(f) of Public Law 105-277 (112 Stat. 
2681-422) struck out ``, through the Defense Conversion Adjustment 
Program (as authorized by the Job Training Partnership Act), or 
through'' and inserted in lieu thereof ``or through''.
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SEC. 506.\31\ SOVIET WEAPONS DESTRUCTION.

    (a) \32\ Additional Funding.--
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \31\ 22 U.S.C. 5856.
    \32\ Sec. 1421 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal 
Year 1993 (Public Law 102-484; 106 Stat. 2565) made amendments 
identical to those in subsecs. (a) and (b).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
          (1) Authorization amount.--Section 221(a) of the 
        Soviet Nuclear Threat Reduction Act of 1991 (title II 
        of Public Law 102-228; 22 U.S.C. 2551 note) is amended 
        by striking out ``$400,000,000'' and inserting in lieu 
        thereof ``$800,000,000''.
          (2) Authorization period.--Section 221(e) of such Act 
        is amended--
                  (A) by inserting ``for fiscal year 1992 or 
                fiscal year 1993'' after ``under part B'';
                  (B) by inserting ``for that fiscal year'' 
                after ``for that program''; and
                  (C) by striking out ``for fiscal year 1992'' 
                and inserting in lieu thereof ``for that fiscal 
                year''.
    (b) \32\ Technical Revisions to Public Law 102-229.--Public 
Law 102-229 is amended--
          (1) in section 108 (105 Stat. 1708), by striking out 
        ``contained in H.R. 3807, as passed the Senate on 
        November 25, 1991'' and inserting in lieu thereof 
        ``(title II of Public Law 102-228)''; and
          (2) in section 109 (105 Stat. 1708)--
                  (A) by striking out ``H.R. 3807, as passed 
                the Senate on November 25, 1991'' and inserting 
                in lieu thereof ``Public Law 102-228 (105 Stat. 
                1696)''; and
                  (B) by striking out ``of H.R. 3807''.
    (c) \32\ Avoidance of Duplicative Amendments.--The 
amendments made by this section shall not be effective if the 
National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1993 enacts 
an amendment to section 221(a) of the Soviet Nuclear Threat 
Reduction Act of 1991 that authorizes the transfer of an amount 
that is the same or greater than the amount that is authorized 
by the amendment made by subsection (a)(1) of this section and 
enacts amendments identical to those in subsections (a)(2) and 
(b) of this section. If that Act enacts such amendments, 
sections 503 and 508 of this Act shall be deemed to apply with 
respect to the funds made available under such amendments.

SEC. 507.\33\ WAIVER OF CERTAIN PROVISIONS.

    (a) In General.--Funds made available for fiscal year 1993 
under sections 503 and 504 to provide assistance or otherwise 
carry out programs and activities with respect to the 
independent states of the former Soviet Union under those 
sections may be used notwithstanding any other provision of 
law, other than the provisions cited in subsection (b).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \33\ 22 U.S.C. 5857.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    (b) Exceptions.--Subsection (a) does not apply with respect 
to--
          (1) this title; and
          (2) section 1341 of title 31, United States Code 
        (commonly referred to as the ``Anti-Deficiency Act''), 
        the Congressional Budget and Impoundment Control Act of 
        1974, the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control 
        Act of 1985, and the Budget Enforcement Act of 1990.

SEC. 508.\34\ NOTICE AND REPORTS TO CONGRESS.

    (a) Notice of Proposed Obligations.--Not less than 15 days 
before obligating any funds under section 503 or 504 or the 
amendments made by section 506(a), the President shall transmit 
to the Speaker of the House of Representatives, the President 
Pro Tempore of the Senate, and the appropriate congressional 
committees a report on the proposed obligation. Each such 
report shall specify--\35\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \34\ 22 U.S.C. 5858.
    \35\ In a memorandum of December 30, 1992, for the Secretaries of 
State and Defense, and the Director, OMB, the President delegated 
authority established in sec. 502 of the FREEDOM Support Act and in 
sec. 1412(d) of Public Law 102-484 to the Secretary of State. The 
President further delegated authority in secs. 1412(a), 1431, and 1432 
of Public Law 102-484, and in secs. 503 and 508 of the FREEDOM Support 
Act to the Secretary of Defense. That memorandum further provided that: 
``The Secretary of Defense shall not exercise authority delegated * * * 
with respect to any former Soviet republic unless the Secretary of 
State has exercised his authority and performed the duty delegated * * 
* with respect to that former Soviet Republic. The Secretary of Defense 
shall not obligated funds in the exercise of authority delegated * * * 
unless the Director of the Office of Management and Budget has 
determined that expenditures during fiscal year 1993 pursuant to such 
obligation shall be counted against the defense category of 
discretionary spending limits for that fiscal year (as defined in 
section 601(a)(2) of the Congressional Budget Act of 1974) for purposes 
of Part C of the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 
1985.''. (58 F.R. 3193; January 8, 1993).
    In a memorandum of April 21, 1994 (59 F.R. 21619), authorities and 
duties vested in the President under this section as they relate to 
section 504 are delegated to the Secretary of State.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
          (1) the account, budget activity, and particular 
        program or programs from which the funds proposed to be 
        obligated are to be derived and the amount of the 
        proposed obligations; and
          (2) the activities and forms of assistance for which 
        the President plans to obligate such funds.
    (b) Semiannual Report.--Not later than April 30, 1993, and 
not later than October 30, 1993, the President shall transmit 
to the Speaker of the House of Representatives, the President 
Pro Tempore of the Senate, and the appropriate congressional 
committees a report on the activities carried out under 
sections 503 and 504 and the amendments made by section 506(a). 
Each such report shall set forth, for the preceding 6-month 
period and cumulatively, the following:
          (1) The amounts expended for such activities and the 
        purposes for which they were expended.
          (2) The source of the funds obligated for such 
        activities, specified by program.
          (3) A description of the participation of all United 
        States Government departments and agencies in such 
        activities.
          (4) A description of the activities carried out and 
        the forms of assistance provided.
          (5) Such other information as the President considers 
        appropriate to fully inform the Congress concerning the 
        operation of the programs and activities carried out 
        under sections 503 and 504 and the amendments made by 
        section 506(a).
    (c) Appropriate Congressional Committees.--As used in this 
section--
          (1) the term ``appropriate congressional committees'' 
        means--
                  (A) the Committee on Foreign Relations of the 
                Senate, the Committee on Foreign Affairs \36\ 
                of the House of Representatives, and the 
                Committees on Appropriations of the House and 
                the Senate, wherever the account, budget 
                activity, or program is funded from 
                appropriations made under the international 
                affairs budget function (150);
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \36\ Sec. 1(a)(5) of Public Law 104-14 (109 Stat. 186) provided 
that references to the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of 
Representatives shall be treated as referring to the Committee on 
International Relations of the House of Representatives.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
                  (B) the Committees on Armed Services and the 
                Committees on Appropriations of the Senate and 
                the House of Representatives,\37\ wherever the 
                account, budget activity, or program is funded 
                from appropriations made under the national 
                defense budget function (050); and
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \37\ Sec. 1(a)(1) of Public Law 104-14 (109 Stat. 186) provided 
that references to the Committee on Armed Services of the House of 
Representatives shall be treated as referring to the Committee on 
National Security of the House of Representatives. The Committee on 
National Security subsequently returned to the name ``Committee on 
Armed Services''; see sec. 1067 of Public Law 106-65 (113 Stat. 774).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
          (2) the committee to which the specified activities 
        of section 503(a) or 504(a) or subtitle B of the Soviet 
        Nuclear Threat Reduction Act of 1991 \38\ (as the case 
        may be), if the subject of separate legislation, would 
        be referred, under the rules of the respective House of 
        Congress.
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    \38\ For text, see Legislation on Foreign Relations Through 1999, 
vol. II.
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SEC. 509.\39\ INTERNATIONAL NONPROLIFERATION INITIATIVE.

    (a) Assistance for International Nonproliferation 
Activities.--Subject to the limitations and requirements 
provided in this section, during fiscal year 1993 the Secretary 
of Defense, under the guidance of the President, may provide 
assistance to support international nonproliferation 
activities.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \39\ 22 U.S.C. 5859.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    (b) Activities For Which Assistance May Be Provided.--
Activities for which assistance may be provided under this 
section are activities such as the following:
          (1) Activities carried out by the International 
        Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) that are designed to ensure 
        more effective safeguards against nuclear proliferation 
        and more aggressive verification of compliance with the 
        Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, 
        done on July 1, 1968.
          (2) Activities of the On-Site Inspection Agency in 
        support of the United Nations Special Commission on 
        Iraq.
          (3) Collaborative international nuclear security and 
        nuclear safety projects to combat the threat of nuclear 
        theft, terrorism, or accidents, including joint 
        emergency response exercises, technical assistance, and 
        training.
          (4) Efforts to improve international cooperative 
        monitoring of nuclear proliferation through joint 
        technical projects and improved intelligence sharing.
    (c) Form of Assistance.--(1) Assistance under this section 
may include funds and in-kind contributions of supplies, 
equipment, personnel, training, and other forms of assistance.
    (2) Assistance under this section may be provided to 
international organizations in the form of funds only if the 
amount in the ``Contributions to International Organizations'' 
account of the Department of State is insufficient or otherwise 
unavailable to meet the United States fair share of assessments 
for international nuclear nonproliferation activities.
    (3) No amount may be obligated for an expenditure under 
this section unless the Director of the Office of Management 
and Budget determines that the expenditure will be counted 
against the defense category of the discretionary spending 
limits for fiscal year 1993 (as defined in section 601(a)(2) of 
the Congressional Budget Act of 1974) for purposes of part C of 
the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985.
    (4) No assistance may be furnished under this section 
unless the Secretary of Defense determines and certifies to the 
Congress 30 days in advance that the provision of such 
assistance--
          (A) is in the national security interest of the 
        United States; and
          (B) will not adversely affect the military 
        preparedness of the United States.
    (5) The authority to provide assistance under this section 
in the form of funds may be exercised only to the extent and in 
the amounts provided in advance in appropriations Act.
    (d) Sources of Assistance.--(1) Funds provided as 
assistance under this section shall be derived from amounts 
made available to the Department of Defense for fiscal year 
1993 or from balances in working capital accounts of the 
Department of Defense.
    (2) Supplies and equipment provided as assistance under 
this section may be provided, by loan or donation, from 
existing stocks of the Department of Defense and the Department 
of Energy.
    (3) The total amount of the assistance provided in the form 
of funds under this section may not exceed $40,000,000. Of such 
amount, not more than $20,000,000 may be used for the 
activities of the On-Site Inspection agency in support of the 
United Nations Special Commission on Iraq.
    (4) Not less than 30 days before obligating any funds to 
provide assistance under this section, the Secretary of Defense 
shall transmit to the committees of Congress named in 
subsection (e)(2) a report on the proposed obligation. Each 
such report shall specify--
          (A) the account, budget activity, and particular 
        program or programs from which the funds proposed to be 
        obligated are to be derived and the amount of the 
        proposed obligation; and
          (B) the activities and forms of assistance for which 
        the Secretary of Defense plans to obligate the funds.
    (e) Quarterly Report.--(1) Not later than 30 days after the 
end of each quarter of fiscal year 1993, the Secretary of 
Defense shall transmit to the committees of Congress named in 
paragraph (2) a report of the activities to reduce the 
proliferation threat carried out under this section. Each 
report shall set forth (for the preceding quarter and 
cumulatively)--
          (A) the amounts spent for such activities and the 
        purposes for which they were spent;
          (B) a description of the participation of the 
        Department of Defense and the Department of Energy and 
        the participation of other Government agencies in those 
        activities; and
          (C) a description of the activities for which the 
        funds were spent.
    (2) The committees of Congress to which reports under 
paragraph (1) and under subsection (d)(2) are to be transmitted 
are--
          (A) the Committee on Armed Services, the Committee on 
        Appropriations, and the Committee on Foreign Relations 
        of the Senate; and
          (B) the Committee on Armed Services, the Committee on 
        Appropriations, the Committee on Foreign Affairs, and 
        the Committee on Energy and Commerce of the House of 
        Representatives.\40\
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    \40\ Sec. 1(a)(1) of Public Law 104-14 (109 Stat. 186) provided 
that references to the Committee on Armed Services of the House of 
Representatives shall be treated as referring to the Committee on 
National Security of the House of Representatives. Sec. 1(a)(4) of that 
Act similarly provided that reference to the Committee on Energy and 
Commerce shall be treated as referring to the Committee on Commerce, 
and sec. 1(a)(5) provided that reference to the Committee on Foreign 
Affairs shall be treated as referring to the Committee on International 
Relations. The Committee on National Security subsequently returned to 
the name ``Committee on Armed Services''; see sec. 1067 of Public Law 
106-65 (113 Stat. 774).
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    (f) Avoidance of Duplicative Authorizations.--This section 
shall not apply if the National Defense Authorization Act for 
Fiscal Year 1993 enacts the same authorities and requirements 
as are contained in this section and authorizes the 
appropriation of the same (or a greater) amount to carry out 
such authorities.

SEC. 510.\41\ REPORT ON SPECIAL NUCLEAR MATERIALS.

    Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this 
Act, the Secretary of State shall prepare, in consultation with 
the Secretary of Defense and the Secretary of Energy, and shall 
transmit to the Congress a report on the possible alternatives 
for the ultimate disposition of special nuclear materials of 
the former Soviet Union. This report shall include--
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \41\ 22 U.S.C. 5860.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
          (1) a cost-benefit analysis comparing (A) the 
        relative merits of the indefinite storage and 
        safeguarding of such materials in the independent 
        states of the former Soviet Union and (B) its 
        acquisition by the United States by purchase, barter, 
        or other means;
          (2) a discussion of relevant issues such as the 
        protection of United States uranium producers from 
        dumping, the relative vulnerability of these stocks of 
        special nuclear materials to illegal proliferation, and 
        the potential electrical and other savings associated 
        with their being made available in the fuel cycle in 
        the United States; and
          (3) a discussion of how highly enriched uranium 
        stocks could be diluted for reactor fuel.

SEC. 511.\42\ RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT FOUNDATION.

    (a) Establishment.--The Director of the National Science 
Foundation (hereinafter in this section referred to as the 
``Director'') is authorized to establish an endowed, 
nongovernmental, nonprofit foundation (hereinafter in this 
section referred to as the ``Foundation'') in consultation with 
the Director of the National Institute of Standards and 
Technology.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \42\ 22 U.S.C. 5861.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    (b) Purposes.--The purposes of the Foundation shall be the 
following:
          (1) To provide productive research and development 
        opportunities within the independent states of the 
        former Soviet Union that offer scientists and engineers 
        alternatives to emigration and help prevent the 
        dissolution of the technological infrastructure of the 
        independent states.
          (2) To advance defense conversion by funding civilian 
        collaborative research and development projects between 
        scientists and engineers in the United States and in 
        the independent states of the former Soviet Union.
          (3) To assist in the establishment of a market 
        economy in the independent states of the former Soviet 
        Union by promoting, identifying, and partially funding 
        joint research, development, and demonstration ventures 
        between United States businesses and scientists, 
        engineers, and entrepreneurs in those independent 
        states.
          (4) To provide a mechanism for scientists, engineers, 
        and entrepreneurs in the independent states of the 
        former Soviet Union to develop an understanding of 
        commercial business practices by establishing linkages 
        to United States scientists, engineers, and businesses.
          (5) To provide access for United States businesses to 
        sophisticated new technologies, talented researchers, 
        and potential new markets within the independent states 
        of the former Soviet Union.
    (c) Functions.--In carrying out its purposes, the 
Foundation shall--
          (1) promote and support joint research and 
        development projects for peaceful purposes between 
        scientists and engineers in the United States and 
        independent states of the former Soviet Union on 
        subjects of mutual interest; and
          (2) seek to establish joint nondefense industrial 
        research, development, and demonstration activities 
        through private sector linkages which may involve 
        participation by scientists and engineers in the 
        university or academic sectors, and which shall include 
        some contribution from industrial participants.
    (d) Funding.--
          (1) Use of certain department of defense funds.--(A) 
        To the extent funds appropriated to carry out subtitle 
        E of title XIV of the National Defense Authorization 
        Act for Fiscal Year 1993 (relating to joint research 
        and development programs with the independent states of 
        the former Soviet Union) are otherwise available for 
        such purpose, such funds may be made available to the 
        Director for use by the Director in establishing the 
        endowment of the Foundation and otherwise carrying out 
        this section.
          (B) For each fiscal year after fiscal year 1993, not 
        more than 50 percent of the funds made available to the 
        Foundation by the United States Government may be funds 
        appropriated in the national defense budget function 
        (function 050).
          (2) Contribution to endowment by participating 
        independent states.--As a condition of participation in 
        the Foundation, an independent state of the former 
        Soviet Union must make a minimum contribution to the 
        endowment of the Foundation, as determined by the 
        Director, which shall reflect the ability of the 
        independent state to make a financial contribution and 
        its expected level of participation in the Foundation's 
        programs.
          (3) Debt conversions.--To the extent provided in 
        advance by appropriations Acts, local currencies or 
        other assets resulting from government-to-government 
        debt conversions may be made available to the 
        Foundation. For purposes of this paragraph, the term 
        ``debt conversion'' means an agreement whereby a 
        country's government-to-government or commercial 
        external debt burden is exchanged by the holder for 
        local currencies, policy commitments, other assets, or 
        other economic activities, or for an equity interest in 
        an enterprise theretofore owned by the debtor 
        government.
          (4) Local currencies.--In addition to other uses 
        provided by law, and subject to agreement with the 
        foreign government, local currencies generated by 
        United States assistance programs may be made available 
        to the Foundation.
          (5) Investment of government assistance.--The 
        Foundation may invest any revenue provided to it 
        through United States Government assistance, and any 
        interest earned on such investment may be used only for 
        the purpose for which the assistance was provided.
          (6) Other funds from government and nongovernmental 
        sources.--The Foundation may accept such other funds as 
        may be provided to it by Government agencies or 
        nongovernmental entities.

                 TITLE VI--SPACE TRADE AND COOPERATION

SEC. 601.\43\ FACILITATING DISCUSSIONS REGARDING THE ACQUISITION OF 
                    SPACE HARDWARE, TECHNOLOGY, AND SERVICES FROM THE 
                    FORMER SOVIET UNION.

    (a) Expedited Review.--Any request for a license or other 
approval described in subsection (c) that is submitted to any 
United States Government agency by the National Aeronautics and 
Space Administration, any of its contractors, or any other 
person shall be considered on an expedited basis by that agency 
and any other agency involved in an applicable interagency 
review process.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \43\ 22 U.S.C. 5871.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    (b) Notice to Congress if License Denied.--If any United 
States Government agency denies a request for a license or 
other approval described in subsection (c), that agency shall 
immediately notify the designated congressional committees. 
Each such notification shall include a statement of the reasons 
for the denial.
    (c) Description of Discussions.--This section applies to a 
request for any license or other approval that may be necessary 
to conduct discussions with an independent state of the former 
Soviet Union with respect to the possible acquisition of any 
space hardware, space technology, or space service for 
integration into--
          (1) United States space projects that have been 
        approved by the Congress, or
          (2) commercial space ventures,
including discussions relating to technical evaluation of such 
hardware, technology, or service.

SEC. 602.\44\ OFFICE OF SPACE COMMERCE.

    (a) Trade Missions.--The Office of Space Commerce of the 
Department of Commerce is authorized and encouraged to conduct 
one or more trade missions to appropriate independent states of 
the former Soviet Union for the purpose of familiarizing United 
States aerospace industry representatives with space hardware, 
space technologies, and space services that may be available 
from the independent states, and with the business practices 
and overall business climate in the independent states.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \44\ 22 U.S.C. 5872.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    (b) Monitoring Negotiations.--The Office of Space 
Commerce--
          (1) shall monitor the progress of any discussions 
        described in section 601(c)(1) that are being 
        conducted; and
          (2) shall advise the Administrator of the National 
        Aeronautics and Space Administration as to the impact 
        on United States industry of each potential acquisition 
        of space hardware, space technology, or space services 
        from the independent states of the former Soviet Union, 
        specifically including any anticompetitive issues the 
        Office may observe.

SEC. 603.\45\ REPORT TO CONGRESS.

    Within one year after the date of enactment of this title, 
the President shall submit to the designated congressional 
committees a report describing--
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \45\ 22 U.S.C. 5873.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
          (1) the opportunities for increased space-related 
        trade with the independent states of the former Soviet 
        Union;
          (2) a technology procurement plan for identifying and 
        evaluating all unique space hardware, space technology, 
        and space services available to the United States from 
        the independent states;
          (3) specific space hardware, space technology, and 
        space services that have been, or could be, the subject 
        of discussions described in section 601(c);
          (4) the trade missions carried out pursuant to 
        section 602(a), including the private participation in 
        and the results of such missions;
          (5) any barriers, regulatory or practical, that 
        inhibit space-related trade between the United States 
        and independent states, including any such barriers in 
        either the United States or the independent states; and
          (6) any anticompetitive issues raised during the 
        course of negotiations, as observed pursuant to section 
        602(b).

SEC. 604.\46\ DEFINITIONS.

    For purposes of this title--
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \46\ 22 U.S.C. 5874.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
          (1) the term ``contractor'' means a National 
        Aeronautics and Space Administration contractor to the 
        extent that the acquisition of space hardware, space 
        technology, or space services from the independent 
        states of the former Soviet Union may be relevant to 
        the contractor's responsibilities under the contract; 
        and
          (2) the term ``designated congressional committees'' 
        means the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology 
        and the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of 
        Representatives \47\ and the Committee on Commerce, 
        Science, and Transportation and the Committee on 
        Foreign Relations of the Senate.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \47\ Sec. 1(a)(5) of Public Law 104-14 (109 Stat. 186) provided 
that references to the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of 
Representatives shall be treated as referring to the Committee on 
International Relations of the House of Representatives. Sec. 1(a)(10) 
of that Act similarly provided that references to the Committee on 
Science, Space, and Technology shall be treated as referring to the 
Committee on Science.
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                     TITLE VII--AGRICULTURAL TRADE

          * * * * * * *

SEC. 703. ASSISTANCE FOR PRIVATE VOLUNTARY ORGANIZATIONS.

    The President is encouraged to use funds made available 
under section 109 of Public Law 102-229 (105 Stat. 1708), and 
funds made available under chapter 11 of part I of the Foreign 
Assistance Act of 1961, to assist private voluntary 
organizations and cooperatives in carrying out food assistance 
programs for the independent states of the former Soviet Union 
under--
          (1) section 1110 of the Food Security Act of 1985 (7 
        U.S.C. 1736o);
          (2) section 416 of the Agricultural Act of 1949 (7 
        U.S.C. 1431); or
          (3) title II of the Agricultural Trade Development 
        and Assistance Act of 1954 (7 U.S.C. 1721 et seq.).

SEC. 704. DISTRIBUTION OF AID TO THE INDEPENDENT STATES OF THE FORMER 
                    SOVIET UNION.

    It is the sense of Congress that, in order to avoid waste 
and to ensure fair and equitable distribution of food and 
commodities provided to the independent states of the former 
Soviet Union, the President should, as appropriate, when 
discussing and planning the provision of such food aid, whether 
acting unilaterally or multilaterally with other donor 
countries, encourage the involvement of suitable multinational 
organizations to monitor the transport and distribution of such 
food aid within such entities.
          * * * * * * *

SEC. 707. DIRECT CREDIT SALES.

    (a) * * *
    (b) * * *
    (c) * * *
    (d) \48\ * * * [Repealed--1996]
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \48\ 22 U.S.C. 5621 note. Subsec. (a) through (c) of this section 
amended the Agricultural Trade Act of 1978 at sec. 201 (7 U.S.C. 5621). 
Subsec. (d), struck out by sec. 276 of Public Law 104-127 (110 Stat. 
977) required that the Secretary of Agriculture issue final regulations 
to implement section 201 of the Agricultural Trade Act of 1978 not 
later than 30 days after the date of enactment of this Act.
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          * * * * * * *

TITLE VIII--UNITED STATES INFORMATION AGENCY, DEPARTMENT OF STATE, AND 
                    RELATED AGENCIES AND ACTIVITIES

SEC. 801.\49\ DESIGNATION OF EDMUND S. MUSKIE FELLOWSHIP PROGRAM. * * *
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \49\ Sec. 801 amended sec. 227 of the Foreign Relations 
Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 1992 and 1993 (22 U.S.C. 2452 note), 
relating to the Edmund S. Muskie Fellowship Program.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

SEC. 802. NEW DIPLOMATIC POSTS IN THE INDEPENDENT STATES.

    There are authorized to be appropriated for ``new 
diplomatic posts'' for personnel, support, and other expenses, 
not otherwise provided for, for the Department of State and the 
United States Information Agency to establish and operate new 
diplomatic posts in the independent states of former Soviet 
Union, $25,000,000 for fiscal year 1993, which are authorized 
to remain available until September 30, 1994.

SEC. 803.\50\ OCCUPANCY OF NEW CHANCERY BUILDINGS. * * *
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \50\ Sec. 803 repealed subsecs. (f) and (g) of section 132 of the 
Foreign Relations Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 1992 and 1993.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

SEC. 804. CERTAIN POSITIONS AT UNITED STATES MISSIONS.

    (a) \51\ Amendment.--* * *
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \51\ Sec. 804(a) amended the Omnibus Diplomatic Security and Anti-
Terrorism Act of 1986 at sec. 1004(a). For text, see Legislation on 
Foreign Relations Through 1999, vol. II.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    (b) \52\ Funding.--In addition to the funds made available 
pursuant to section 1005(c) of that Act, funds authorized to be 
appropriated by chapter 11 of part I of the Foreign Assistance 
Act of 1961 may be used in carrying out the amendment made by 
subsection (a) with respect to missions in the independent 
states of the former Soviet Union.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \52\ 22 U.S.C. 4903 note.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

SEC. 805.\53\ INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT LAW INSTITUTE.

    For purposes of the International Organizations Immunities 
Act (22 U.S.C. 288 and following), the International 
Development Law Institute shall be considered to be a public 
international organization in which the United States 
participates under the authority of an Act of Congress 
authorizing such participation.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \53\ 22 U.S.C. 288j. For International Organizations Immunities Act 
(Public Law 79-291), see Legislation on Foreign Relations Through 1999, 
vol. II.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

SEC. 806.\54\ CERTAIN BOARD FOR INTERNATIONAL BROADCASTING CONSTRUCTION 
                    ACTIVITIES.* * *
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \54\ Sec. 806 amended the Foreign Relations Authorization Act, 
Fiscal Years 1990 and 1991 (104 Stat. 63), at sec. 301(c). For text, 
see Legislation on Foreign Relations Through 1999, vol. II.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

SEC. 807.\55\ EXCHANGES AND TRAINING AND SIMILAR PROGRAMS.

    (a) Funding for Exchanges and Training and Similar 
Programs.--
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \55\ 22 U.S.C. 2452 note.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
          (1) Authorization of appropriations.--To carry out a 
        broad spectrum of exchanges, and of training and 
        similar programs to promote the objectives described in 
        section 498 of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, 
        between the United States and the independent states of 
        the former Soviet Union, there are authorized to be 
        appropriated for fiscal year 1993 (in addition to 
        amounts otherwise available for such purposes) the 
        following:
                  (A) $20,000,000 for exchange programs for 
                secondary school students.
                  (B) $30,000,000 for programs for participants 
                other than secondary school students, including 
                undergraduate and graduate students, farmers 
                and other agribusiness practitioners, and 
                participants in the exchanges carried out under 
                paragraph (2).
          (2) Local and regional self-government exchanges.--
        The Director of the United States Information Agency is 
        authorized to use funds authorized to be appropriated 
        by paragraph (1)(B) to conduct exchanges to provide 
        technical assistance in local and regional self-
        government to the independent states.
          (3) Report on proposed funding allocations.--Within 
        45 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, 
        the coordinator designated pursuant to section 102(a) 
        of this Act shall submit to the Congress a report 
        specifying the amount of funds authorized to be 
        appropriated by paragraph (1) that is proposed to be 
        allocated for each category of program and for each 
        Government agency.
          (4) Program administration.--
                  (A) USIA.--Educational, cultural, and any 
                other exchange programs carried out under this 
                subsection, including any such programs for 
                secondary school students, shall be 
                administered by the United States Information 
                Agency, and funds allocated for such programs 
                shall be transferred to that Agency.
                  (B) Other agencies.--Training and other non-
                exchange programs carried out under this 
                subsection shall be administered by the Agency 
                for International Development or such other 
                Government agency as has experience and 
                expertise in carrying out such programs.
          (5) Administrative expenses.--Up to 5 percent of the 
        funds made available to each Government agency under 
        this subsection may be used by that agency for 
        administrative expenses of program implementation.
    (b) Enhancement of USIA Educational and Cultural Exchange 
Programs.--In addition to amounts otherwise available for such 
purposes, there are authorized to be appropriated to the United 
States Information Agency for fiscal year 1993 for enhancement 
of existing educational and cultural exchange programs the 
following:
          (1) $9,950,000 for Fulbright Academic Exchange 
        Programs.
          (2) $10,850,000 for other programs administered by 
        the Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs.
    (c) \56\ Repeal.--Effective 6 months after the date of 
enactment of this Act, section 225 of the Foreign Relations 
Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 1992 and 1993, and the item 
relating to that section in the table of contents set forth in 
section 2 of that Act, are repealed.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \56\ 22 U.S.C. 2452 note.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    (d) \57\ Agribusiness Exchanges.--
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \57\ Section 4 of Executive Order 12884 of December 1, 1993 (58 
F.R. 64099; December 3, 1993) delegated to the Secretary of Agriculture 
those functions conferred upon the President in sec. 807(d). This 
delegation of authority is subject to the authority of the Coordinator 
(as established in sec. 102).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
          (1) Authorization.--The President is authorized to 
        establish regional agribusiness offices at State 
        universities and land grant colleges in the United 
        States for the purpose of expanding exchanges between 
        agribusiness practitioners in the United States and 
        agribusiness practitioners in the independent states of 
        the former Soviet Union.
          (2) Limitation on funding sources.--Funds authorized 
        to be appropriated by this section or other provisions 
        of this Act (including chapter 11 of part I of the 
        Foreign Assistance Act of 1961) may not be used to 
        carry out this subsection.

                       TITLE IX--OTHER PROVISIONS

          * * * * * * *

SEC. 902.\58\ JOHNSON ACT.

    Section 955 of title 18, United States Code, shall not 
apply with respect to any obligations of the former Soviet 
Union, or any of the independent states of the former Soviet 
Union, or any political subdivision, organization, or 
association thereof.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \58\ 18 U.S.C. 955 note. For text of the Johnson Act (Public Law 
80-772), see Legislation on Foreign Relations Through 1999, vol. III.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

SEC. 903. SUPPORT FOR EAST EUROPEAN DEMOCRACY (SEED) ACT.

    (a) Scope of Authority.--The Support for East European 
Democracy (SEED) Act of 1989 is amended by inserting after 
section 2 (22 U.S.C. 5401) the following: * * *
          * * * * * * *

SEC. 906.\59\ ELIGIBILITY OF BALTIC STATES FOR NONLETHAL DEFENSE 
                    ARTICLES.

    (a) Eligibility.--Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania shall each 
be eligible--
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \59\ 22 U.S.C. 2753 note.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
          (1) to purchase, or to receive financing for the 
        purchase of, nonlethal defense articles--
                  (A) under the Arms Export Control Act (22 
                U.S.C. 2751 et seq.), without regard to section 
                3(a)(1) of that Act, or
                  (B) under section 503 of the Foreign 
                Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2311), 
                without regard to the requirement in subsection 
                (a) of that section for a Presidential finding; 
                and
          (2) to receive nonlethal excess defense articles 
        transferred under section 519 of the Foreign Assistance 
        Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2321m), without regard to the 
        restrictions in subsection (a) of that section.
    (b) Definitions.--As used in this section--
          (1) the term ``defense article'' has the same meaning 
        given to that term in section 47(3) of the Arms Export 
        Control Act (22 U.S.C. 2794(3)); and
          (2) the term ``excess defense article'' has the same 
        meaning given to that term in section 644(g) of the 
        Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2403(g)).

SEC. 907.\60\ RESTRICTION ON ASSISTANCE TO AZERBAIJAN.
    United States assistance under this or any other Act (other 
than assistance under title V of this Act) may not be provided 
to the Government of Azerbaijan until the President determines, 
and so reports to the Congress, that the Government of 
Azerbaijan is taking demonstrable steps to cease all blockades 
and other offensive uses of force against Armenia and Nagorno-
Karabakh.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \60\ 22 U.S.C. 5812 note. Section 1(a)(1) of Executive Order 12884 
of December 1, 1993 (58 F.R. 64099; December 3, 1993) delegated to the 
Secretary of State those functions conferred upon the President in sec. 
907.
    Title I of the Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related 
Programs Appropriations Act, 1999 (sec. 101(d) of Public Law 105-277; 
112 Stat. 2681-152), provided the following:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

               ``overseas private investment corporation

                          ``noncredit account
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    ``The Overseas Private Investment Corporation is authorized to 
make, without regard to fiscal year limitations, as provided by 31 
U.S.C. 9104, such expenditures and commitments within the limits of 
funds available to it and in accordance with law as may be necessary: 
Provided, That the amount available for administrative expenses to 
carry out the credit and insurance programs (including an amount for 
official reception and representation expenses which shall not exceed 
$35,000) shall not exceed $32,500,000 of which not more than 
$27,500,000 may be made available until the Corporation reports to the 
Committees on Appropriations on measures taken to (1) establish sector 
specific investment funds; and (2) support regional investment 
initiatives in Georgia, Armenia and Azerbaijan through the Caucasus 
Fund: Provided further, That project-specific transaction costs, 
including direct and indirect costs incurred in claims settlements, and 
other direct costs associated with services provided to specific 
investors or potential investors pursuant to section 234 of the Foreign 
Assistance Act of 1961, shall not be considered administrative expenses 
for the purposes of this heading.''.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

             TITLE X--INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS

=======================================================================


          Note.--Title X amended several Public Laws relating 
        to international financial institutions. See 
        International Financial Institutions in Legislation on 
        Foreign Relations Through 1999, vol. III.

=======================================================================


          * * * * * * *

SEC. 1004.\61\ SUPPORT FOR MACROECONOMIC STABILIZATION IN THE 
                    INDEPENDENT STATES OF THE FORMER SOVIET UNION.

    (a) In General.--In order to promote macroeconomic 
stabilization and the integration of the independent states of 
the former Soviet Union into the international financial 
system, enhance the opportunities for trade, improve the 
climate for foreign investment, and strengthen the process of 
transformation of the former socialist economies into free 
enterprise systems and thereby progressively enhance the well-
being of the citizens of these states, the United States should 
in appropriate circumstances take a leading role in organizing 
and supporting multilateral efforts at macroeconomic 
stabilization and debt rescheduling, conditioned on the 
appropriate development and implementation of comprehensive 
economic reform programs.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \61\ 22 U.S.C. 5812 note.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    (b) Currency Stabilization.--In furtherance of the purposes 
and consistent with the conditions described in subsection (a), 
the Congress expresses its support for United States 
participation, in sums of up to $3,000,000,000, in a currency 
stabilization fund or funds for the independent states of the 
former Soviet Union.
    (c) Study of the Need for and Feasibility of a Currency 
Stabilization Fund for Ukraine.--The Secretary of the Treasury 
shall instruct the United States Executive Director of the 
International Monetary Fund to use the voice and vote of the 
United States to urge the Fund to conduct a study of the need 
for and feasibility of a currency stabilization fund for 
Ukraine, and, if it is found that such a fund is needed and is 
feasible, which considers and makes recommendations with 
respect to the economic and policy conditions required for the 
success of such a fund.
          * * * * * * *

SEC. 1007.\62\ REPORT ON DEBT OF THE FORMER SOVIET UNION HELD BY 
                    COMMERCIAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS.

    The Secretary of the Treasury, using information available 
from the International Monetary Fund, the International Bank 
for Reconstruction and Development, and other appropriate 
international financial institutions, shall report to the 
Congress, not later than one year after the date of enactment 
of this Act, on the debt incurred by the former Soviet Union 
that is held by commercial financial institutions outside the 
independent states of the former Soviet Union that are 
obligated on such debt.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \62\ 22 U.S.C. 5812 note.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
          * * * * * * *

SEC. 1009. MULTILATERAL INVESTMENT GUARANTEES FOR THE INDEPENDENT 
                    STATES OF THE FORMER SOVIET UNION.

    Not later than 60 days after the date of enactment of this 
Act, the United States Director of the Multilateral Investment 
Guarantee Agency shall transmit to the Congress a report 
analyzing--
          (1) the investments in the independent states of the 
        former Soviet Union which have been guaranteed by the 
        Agency; and
          (2) the demand for investment guarantees of the type 
        provided by the Agency for investments in the 
        independent states.
               (3) Emergency Airlift to the Soviet Union

 Partial text \1\ of Public Law 102-228 [Conventional Forces in Europe 
Treaty Implementation Act of 1991; H.R. 3807], 105 Stat. 1691, approved 
                           December 12, 1991

AN ACT To amend the Arms Export Control Act to authorize the President 
to transfer battle tanks, artillery pieces, and armored combat vehicles 
   to member countries of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization in 
  conjunction with implementation of the Treaty on Conventional Armed 
                           Forces in Europe.

    Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of 
the United States of America in Congress assembled,

SECTION 1.\2\ SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Conventional Forces in 
Europe Treaty Implementation Act of 1991''.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \1\ See also Legislation on Foreign Relations Through 1999, vol. 
II.
    \2\ 22 U.S.C. 2751 note.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
          * * * * * * *

             TITLE III--EMERGENCY AIRLIFT AND OTHER SUPPORT

SEC. 301.\3\ AUTHORITY TO TRANSFER CERTAIN FUNDS TO PROVIDE EMERGENCY 
                    AIRLIFT AND OTHER SUPPORT.

    (a) Findings.--The Congress finds--
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \3\ While this section was enacted to authorize the transfer of 
funds for Soviet humanitarian assistance, Public Law 102-229 (105 Stat. 
1701) originally referred to sec. 301 of H.R. 3807, as passed by the 
Senate on November 25, 1991, when it appropriated funds or transferred 
funds for that assistance. In a January 21, 1992, memorandum for the 
Secretary of Defense (57 F.R. 3111; January 28, 1992), the President 
also referred to sec. 301 of H.R. 3807, as passed by the Senate on 
November 25, 1991, when he directed the Secretary of Defense to make 
certain transfers, and delegated certain authorities and duties to the 
Secretary.
    Subsequently, sec. 1421(b) of the National Defense Authorization 
Act for Fiscal Year 1993 (Public Law 102-484; 106 Stat. 2565) made 
technical corrections to Public Law 102-229 to omit references to H.R. 
3807 and insert in lieu thereof references to this Act.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
          (1) that political and economic conditions within the 
        Soviet Union and its republics are unstable and are 
        likely to remain so for the foreseeable future;
          (2) that these conditions could lead to the return of 
        antidemocratic forces in the Soviet Union;
          (3) that one of the most effective means of 
        preventing such a situation is likely to be the 
        immediate provision of humanitarian assistance; and
          (4) that should this need arise, the United States 
        should have funds readily available to provide for the 
        transport of such assistance to the Soviet Union, its 
        republics, and any successor entities.
    (b) Authority to Transfer Certain Funds.--
          (1) In general.--Notwithstanding any other provision 
        of law, the Secretary of Defense, at the direction of 
        the President, may during fiscal year 1992, to the 
        extent provided in an appropriations Act or joint 
        resolution, transfer to the appropriate defense 
        accounts sufficient funds, not to exceed $100,000,000, 
        from funds described in paragraph (3) in order to 
        transport, by military or commercial means, food, 
        medical supplies, and other types of humanitarian 
        assistance to the Soviet Union, its republics, or any 
        successor entities--with the consent of the relevant 
        republic government or independent successor entity--in 
        order to address emergency conditions which may arise 
        in such republic or successor entity, as determined by 
        the President. As used in this subsection, the term 
        ``humanitarian assistance'' does not include 
        construction equipment, including tractors, scrapers, 
        loaders, graders, bulldozers, dumptrucks, generators, 
        and compressors.
          (2) Reports by the secretary of state.--The Secretary 
        of State shall promptly report to the President 
        regarding any emergency conditions which may require 
        such humanitarian assistance. The Secretary's report 
        shall include an estimate of the extent of need for 
        such assistance, discuss whether the consent of the 
        relevant republic government or independent successor 
        entity has been given for the delivery of such 
        assistance, describe steps other nations and 
        organizations are prepared to take in response to an 
        emergency, and discuss the foreign policy implications, 
        if any, of providing such assistance.
          (3) Source of funds.--Any funds which are transferred 
        pursuant to this subsection shall be drawn from amounts 
        appropriated to the Department of Defense for fiscal 
        year 1992 or from balances in working capital accounts 
        established under section 2208 of title 10, United 
        States Code.
          (4) Emergency requirements.--The Congress designates 
        all funds transferred pursuant to this section as 
        ``emergency requirements'' for all purposes of the 
        Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 
        1985. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, funds 
        shall be available for transfer pursuant to this 
        section only if, not later than the date of enactment 
        of the appropriations Act or joint resolution that 
        makes funds available for transfer pursuant to this 
        section, the President, in a single designation, 
        designates the entire amount of funds made available 
        for such transfer by that appropriations Act or joint 
        resolution to be ``emergency requirements'' for all 
        purposes of the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit 
        Control Act of 1985.
    (c) Repayment Arrangements.--
          (1) Reimbursement arrangements.--Assistance provided 
        under subsection (b) to the Soviet Union, any of its 
        republics, or any successor entity shall be 
        conditioned, to the extent that the President 
        determines to be appropriate after consultation with 
        the recipient government, upon the agreement of the 
        recipient government to reimburse the United States 
        Government for the cost of such assistance from natural 
        resources or other materials available to the recipient 
        government.
          (2) Natural resources, etc.--The President shall 
        encourage the satisfaction of such reimbursement 
        arrangements through the provision of natural 
        resources, such as oil and petroleum products and 
        critical and strategic materials, and industrial goods. 
        Materials received by the United States Government 
        pursuant to this subsection that are suitable for 
        inclusion in the Strategic Petroleum Reserve or the 
        National Defense Stockpile may be deposited in the 
        reserve or stockpile without reimbursement. Other 
        material and services received may be sold or traded on 
        the domestic or international market with the proceeds 
        to be deposited in the General Fund of the Treasury.
    (d) Dire Emergency Supplemental Appropriations.--It is the 
sense of the Senate that the committee of conference on House 
Joint Resolution 157 should consider providing the necessary 
authority in the conference agreement for the Secretary of 
Defense to transfer funds pursuant to this title.

SEC. 302. REPORTING REQUIREMENTS.

    (a) Prior Notice.--Before any funds are transferred for the 
purposes authorized in section 301(b), the President shall 
notify the Committees on Armed Services and the Committees on 
Appropriations of the Senate and the House of Representatives 
\4\ of the account, budget activity, and particular program or 
programs from which the transfer is planned to be made and the 
amount of the transfer.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \4\ Sec. 1(a)(1) of Public Law 104-14 (109 Stat. 186) provided that 
references to the Committee on Armed Services of the House of 
Representatives shall be treated as referring to the Committee on 
National Security of the House of Representatives. The Committee on 
National Security subsequently returned to the name ``Committee on 
Armed Services''; see sec. 1067 of Public Law 106-65 (113 Stat. 774).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    (b) Reports to the Congress.--Within ten days after 
directing the Secretary of Defense to transfer funds pursuant 
to section 301(b), the President shall provide a report to the 
Committees on Armed Services of the Senate and House of 
Representatives, the Committees on Appropriations of the Senate 
and House of Representatives, and the Committee on Foreign 
Relations of the Senate and the Committee on Foreign Affairs of 
the House of Representatives.\5\ This report shall at a 
minimum, set forth--
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \5\ Sec. 1(a)(1) of Public Law 104-14 (109 Stat. 186) provided that 
references to the Committee on Armed Services of the House of 
Representatives shall be treated as referring to the Committee on 
National Security of the House of Representatives. Sec. 1(a)(5) of that 
Act similarly provided that references to the Committee on Foreign 
Affairs shall be treated as referring to the Committee on International 
Relations. The Committee on National Security subsequently returned to 
the name ``Committee on Armed Services''; see sec. 1067 of Public Law 
106-65 (113 Stat. 774).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
          (1) the amount of funds transferred under this title, 
        including the source of such funds;
          (2) the conditions which prompted the use of this 
        authority;
          (3) the form and number of lift assets planned to be 
        used to deliver assistance pursuant to this title;
          (4) the types and purpose of the cargo planned to be 
        delivered pursuant to this title; and
          (5) the locations, organizations, and political 
        institutions to which assistance is planned to be 
        delivered pursuant to this title.
          * * * * * * *
  (4) Soviet-Eastern European Education and Training Programs in the 
    Foreign Relations Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 1992 and 1993

Partial text of Public Law 102-138 [H.R. 1415], 105 Stat. 647, approved 
 October 28, 1991; amended by Public Law 102-511 [FREEDOM Support Act; 
S. 2532], 106 Stat. 3320, approved October 24, 1992; and by Public Law 
  105-277 [Foreign Relations Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 1998 and 
      1999; H.R. 4328], 112 Stat. 2681, approved October 21, 1998

 AN ACT To authorize appropriations for fiscal years 1992 and 1993 for 
            the Department of State, and for other purposes.

    Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of 
the United States of America in Congress assembled,
          * * * * * * *

   TITLE II--UNITED STATES INFORMATIONAL, EDUCATIONAL, AND CULTURAL 
                                PROGRAMS

                PART A--UNITED STATES INFORMATION AGENCY

SEC. 210.\1\ CLAUDE AND MILDRED PEPPER SCHOLARSHIP PROGRAM.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \1\ 22 U.S.C. 2452 note.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
  (a) Purpose.--It is the purpose of this section to provide 
Federal financial assistance to facilitate a program to enable 
high school and college students from emerging democracies, who 
are visiting the United States, to spend from one to two weeks 
in Washington, District of Columbia, observing and studying the 
workings and operations of the democratic form of government of 
the United States.
  (b) Grants.--The Director of the United States Information 
Agency is authorized to make grants to the Claude and Mildred 
Pepper Scholarship Program of the Washington Workshops 
Foundation to carry out the purpose specified in subsection 
(a).
  (c) \2\ Authorization of Appropriations.--There are 
authorized to be appropriated $1,000,000 for fiscal year 1992 
to carry out this section, of which not more than $500,000 is 
authorized to be available for obligation or expenditure during 
that fiscal year. Amounts appropriated pursuant to this 
subsection are authorized to be available until expended.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \2\ The Department of State and Related Agencies Appropriations 
Act, 1993 (title V of Public Law 102-395; 106 Stat. 1870), provided 
under educational and cultural exchange programs, that ``$200,000 shall 
be available for the Claude and Mildred Pepper Scholarship Program of 
the Washington Workshops Foundation''.
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          * * * * * * *

           PART B--BUREAU OF EDUCATIONAL AND CULTURAL AFFAIRS

SEC. 221. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.

  In addition to amounts otherwise made available under section 
201 for such purposes, there are authorized to be appropriated 
to the Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs to carry out 
the purposes of the Mutual Educational and Cultural Exchange 
Act of 1961 the following amounts: * * * \3\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \3\ The Department of State and Related Agencies Appropriations 
Act, 1992 (title V of Public Law 102-140; 105 Stat. 822), provided the 
following:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

              ``educational and cultural exchange programs
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    ``For expenses of Fulbright, International Visitor, Humphrey 
Fellowship, Citizen Exchange, and Congress-Bundestag Exchange Programs, 
as authorized by the Mutual Educational and Cultural Exchange Act, as 
amended (22 U.S.C. 2451 et seq.), and Reorganization Plan No. 2 of 1977 
(91 Stat. 1636), $194,232,000, to remain available until expended as 
authorized by 22 U.S.C. 2455, of which $1,000,000 shall be available 
for the Claude and Mildred Pepper Scholarship Program of the Washington 
Workshops Foundation.''.
    The Department of State and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 
1993 (title V of Public Law 102-395; 106 Stat. 1870), provided the 
following:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

              ``educational and cultural exchange programs
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    ``For expenses of Fulbright, International Visitor, Humphrey 
Fellowship, Citizen Exchange, and Congress-Bundestag Exchange Programs, 
as authorized by the Mutual Educational and Cultural Exchange Act, as 
amended (22 U.S.C. 2451 et seq.), and Reorganization Plan No. 2 of 1977 
(91 Stat. 1636), $223,447,000, to remain available until expended as 
authorized by 22 U.S.C. 2455, of which $200,000 shall be available for 
the Claude and Mildred Pepper Scholarship Program of the Washington 
Workshops Foundation and $600,000 shall be available for the Institute 
of Representative Government.''.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
          (5) Other programs.--For ``East Europe Training 
        Projects'', ``Citizen Exchange Programs'', and the 
        ``Congress-Bundestag Exchange Program'', $14,028,000 
        for the fiscal year 1992 and $14,700,000 for the fiscal 
        year 1993.
          * * * * * * *
          (9) Soviet-american interparliamentary exchanges.--
        For the expenses of Soviet-American Interparliamentary 
        meetings and visits in the United States approved by 
        the joint leadership of the Congress, after an 
        opportunity for appropriate consultation with the 
        Secretary of State and the Director of the United 
        States Information Agency, there are authorized to be 
        appropriated $2,000,000 for the fiscal year 1992, of 
        which not more than $1,000,000 shall be available for 
        obligation or expenditure during that fiscal year. 
        Amounts appropriated under this subsection are 
        authorized to be available until expended.
          * * * * * * *

SEC. 225.\4\ * * * [Repealed--1992]
      
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \4\ Formerly at 22 U.S.C. 2452 note. Sec. 807(c) of the FREEDOM 
Support Act (Public Law 102-511; 3354) repealed sec. 225, effective 6 
months after the date of enactment of that Act [enacted October 24, 
1992].
    Sec. 225 formerly read as follows:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

           ``eastern europe student exchange endowment fund.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    ``(a) Establishment of Federal Endowment.--The Director of the 
United States Information Agency is authorized to establish an 
endowment fund (hereafter in this section referred to as the `fund'), 
in accordance with the provisions of this section, to support an 
exchange program among secondary school students from the United States 
and secondary school students from former Warsaw Pact countries in 
Eastern Europe, including from the territory formerly known as East 
Germany. The Director may enter into such agreements as may be 
necessary to carry out the purposes of this section.
    ``(b) Transfer.--
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

          ``(1) Appropriations and other available funds.--The Director 
        shall transfer to the fund the amounts appropriated pursuant to 
        the authority of subsection (f) to carry out the exchange 
        program under this section.
          ``(2) Gifts.--(A) The Director is authorized to accept, use, 
        and dispose of gifts of donations of services or property to 
        carry out the provisions of this section.
          ``(B) Any sums received by the Director pursuant to 
        subparagraph (A) shall be transferred to the fund.
          ``(3) In general.--The Director in investing the corpus and 
        income of the fund, shall exercise the judgment and care, under 
        the prevailing circumstances, which a person of prudence, 
        discretion, and intelligence would exercise in the management 
        of that person's own business affairs.
          ``(4) Special rule.--The fund corpus and income shall be 
        invested in federally insured bank savings accounts or 
        comparable interest bearing accounts, certificates of deposit, 
        money market funds, mutual funds, obligations of the United 
        States, or other low-risk instruments and securities.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    ``(c) Withdrawals and Expenditures.--The Director may withdraw or 
expend amounts from the fund for any expenses necessary to carry out 
the exchange program described in subsection (a).
    ``(d) Definitions.--For the purposes of this section--
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

          ``(1) the term `secondary school' has the same meaning given 
        to such term by section 1471(21) of the Elementary and 
        Secondary Education Act of 1965; and
          ``(2) the term `Director' means the Director of the United 
        States Information Agency.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    ``(e) Authorization of Appropriations.--There are authorized to be 
appropriated $1,000,000 to carry out the provisions of this section. 
Funds appropriated pursuant to this subsection are authorized to be 
available until expended.''.
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SEC. 226.\5\ ENHANCED EDUCATIONAL EXCHANGE PROGRAM.

  (a) Programs for Foreign Students and Scholars.--
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \5\ 22 U.S.C. 2452 note.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
          (1) Not later than September 30, 1993, the number of 
        scholarships provided to foreign students and scholars 
        by the Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs of 
        the United States Information Agency for the purpose of 
        study, research, or teaching in the United States shall 
        be increased by 100 over the number of such 
        scholarships provided in fiscal year 1991, subject to 
        the availability of appropriations.
          (2) Scholarships provided to meet the requirements of 
        paragraph (1) shall be available only--
                  (A) to students and scholars from the new 
                democracies of Eastern Europe,
                  (B) to students and scholars from the Soviet 
                Union;
                  (C) to students and scholars from countries 
                determined by the Associate Director of the 
                Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs to 
                be not adequately represented in the foreign 
                student population in the United States.
  (b) Programs for United States Students and Scholars.--
          (1) Not later than September 30, 1993, the number of 
        scholarships provided to United States students and 
        scholars by the Bureau of Educational and Cultural 
        Affairs of the United States Information Agency for the 
        purpose of study, research, or teaching in other 
        countries shall be increased by 100 over the number of 
        such scholarships provided in fiscal year 1991, subject 
        to the availability of appropriations.
          (2) Scholarships provided to meet the requirements of 
        paragraph (1) shall be available only for study, 
        research, and teaching in the new democracies of 
        Eastern Europe, the Soviet Union, and non-European 
        countries.
  (c) Definition.--For the purposes of this section, the term 
``scholarship'' means an amount to be used for full or partial 
support of tuition and fees to attend an educational 
institution, and may include fees, books and supplies, 
equipment required for courses at an educational institution, 
and living expenses at a United States or foreign educational 
institution.
  (d) Authorization of Appropriations.--In addition to amounts 
otherwise authorized to be appropriated for the Bureau of 
Educational and Cultural Affairs, there are authorized to be 
appropriated $2,000,000 for fiscal year 1992 and $2,000,000 for 
fiscal year 1993 to carry out the purposes of this section. 
Amounts appropriated under this subsection are authorized to be 
available until expended.

SEC. 227.\5\ LAW AND BUSINESS TRAINING PROGRAM FOR GRADUATE STUDENTS 
                    FROM THE INDEPENDENT STATES OF THE FORMER \6\ 
                    SOVIET UNION, LITHUANIA, LATVIA, AND ESTONIA.

  (a) Statement of Purpose.--The purpose of this section is to 
establish a scholarship program designed to bring students from 
the independent states of the former Soviet Union,\7\ 
Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia to the United States for study 
in the United States.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \6\ Sec. 2413(b)(3) of the Foreign Relations Authorization Act, 
Fiscal Years 1998 and 1999 (subdivision B of division G of Public Law 
105-277; 112 Stat. 2681-832), inserted ``independent states of the 
former'' in the section catchline.
    \7\ Sec. 2413(b)(1) of the Foreign Relations Authorization Act, 
Fiscal Years 1998 and 1999 (subdivision B of division G of Public Law 
105-277; 112 Stat. 2681-832), struck out ``Soviet Union'' each place it 
appears in subsecs. (a), (b), and (c)(5), and inserted in lieu thereof 
``independent states of the former Soviet Union''.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
  (b) Scholarship Program Authority.--Subject to the 
availability of appropriations under subsection (d), the 
President, acting through the United States Information Agency, 
shall provide scholarships (including partial assistance) for 
study at United States institutions of higher education 
together with private and public sector internships by 
nationals of the independent states of the former Soviet 
Union,\7\ Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia who have completed 
their undergraduate education and would not otherwise have the 
opportunity to study in the United States due to financial 
limitations.
  (c) Guidelines.--The scholarship program under this section 
shall be carried out in accordance with the following 
guidelines:
          (1) Consistent with section 112(b) of the Mutual 
        Educational and Cultural Exchange Act of 1961 (22 
        U.S.C. 2460(b)), all programs created pursuant to this 
        Act shall be nonpolitical and balanced, and shall be 
        administered in keeping with the highest standards of 
        academic integrity and cost-effectiveness.
          (2) The United States Information Agency shall design 
        ways to identify promising students for study in the 
        United States.
          (3) The United States Information Agency should 
        develop and strictly implement specific financial need 
        criteria. Scholarships under this Act may only be 
        provided to students who meet the financial need 
        criteria.
          (4) The program may utilize educational institutions 
        in the United States, if necessary, to help 
        participants acquire necessary skills to fully 
        participate in professional training.
          (5) Each participant shall be selected on the basis 
        of academic and leadership potential in the fields of 
        business administration, journalism and communications, 
        education administration, public policy, library and 
        information science,\8\ economics, law, or public 
        administration. Scholarship opportunities shall be 
        limited to fields that are critical to economic reform 
        and political development in the independent states of 
        the former Soviet Union,\7\ Lithuania, Latvia, and 
        Estonia, particularly business administration, 
        journalism and communications, education 
        administration, public policy, library and information 
        science,\8\ economics, law, or public administration.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \8\ Sec. 2413(a) of the Foreign Relations Authorization Act, Fiscal 
Years 1998 and 1999 (subdivision B of division G of Public Law 105-277; 
112 Stat. 2681-832), inserted ``journalism and communications, 
education administration, public policy, library and information 
science,'' after ``business administration.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
          (6) The program shall be flexible to include not only 
        training and educational opportunities offered by 
        universities in the United States, but to also support 
        internships, education, and training in a professional 
        setting.
          (7) The program shall be flexible with respect to the 
        number of years of education financed, but in no case 
        shall students be brought to the United States for less 
        than one year.
          (8) Further allowance shall be made in the 
        scholarship for the purchase of books and related 
        educational material relevant to the program of study.
          (9) Further allowance shall be made to provide 
        opportunities for professional, academic, and cultural 
        enrichment for scholarship recipients.
          (10) The program shall, to the maximum extent 
        practicable, offer equal opportunities for both male 
        and female students to study in the United States.
          (11) The program shall, to the maximum extent 
        practicable, offer equal opportunities for students 
        from each of the independent states of the former 
        Soviet Union,\9\ Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \9\ Sec. 2413(b)(2) of the Foreign Relations Authorization Act, 
Fiscal Years 1998 and 1999 (subdivision B of division G of Public Law 
105-277; 112 Stat. 2681-832), struck out ``Soviet republics'' and 
inserted in lieu thereof ``independent states of the former Soviet 
Union''.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
          (12) The United States Information Agency shall 
        recommend to each student who receives a scholarship 
        under this section that the student include in their 
        course of study programs which emphasize the ideas, 
        principles, and documents upon which the United States 
        was founded.
  (d) Funding of Scholarships for Fiscal Year 1992 and Fiscal 
Year 1993.--There are authorized to be appropriated to the 
United States Information Agency $7,000,000 for fiscal year 
1992, and $7,000,000 for fiscal year 1993, to carry out this 
section.
  (e) Compliance With Congressional Budget Act.--Any authority 
provided by this section shall be effective only to the extent 
and in such amounts as are provided in advance in appropriation 
Acts.
    (f) \10\ Designation of Program and Scholarships.--
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \10\ Sec. 801 of the FREEDOM Support Act (Public Law 102-511; 106 
Stat. 3352) added subsec. (f).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
          (1) The scholarship program established by this 
        section shall be known as the ``Edmund S. Muskie 
        Fellowship Program''.
          (2) Scholarships provided under this section shall be 
        known as ``Muskie Fellowships''.
          * * * * * * *
             (5) Eisenhower Exchange Fellowship Act of 1990

  Public Law 101-454 [S. 2017], 104 Stat. 1063, approved October 24, 
 1990; amended by Public Law 104-72 [S. 1465], 109 Stat. 776, approved 
   December 23, 1995; Public Law 104-99 [Foreign Operations, Export 
 Financing, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 1996; H.R. 1868], 
 enacted by reference in sec. 301 of H.R. 2880, 110 Stat. 26, approved 
January 26, 1996, enacted again as Public Law 104-107 [H.R. 1868], 110 
 Stat. 704, approved February 12, 1996; Public Law 104-134 [H.R. 3019; 
Omnibus Consolidated Rescissions and Appropriations Act of 1996, title 
  I, sec. 101(a), title IV, Department of State and Related Agencies 
 Appropriations Act, 1996], 110 Stat. 1321 at 1321-36, approved April 
                                26, 1996

  AN ACT To provide a permanent endowment for the Eisenhower Exchange 
                          Fellowship Program.

    Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of 
the United States of America in Congress assembled,

SECTION 1.\1\ SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Eisenhower Exchange 
Fellowship Act of 1990''.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \1\ 20 U.S.C. 5201 note.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

SEC. 2.\2\ PURPOSES.

    The purposes of this Act are--
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \2\ 20 U.S.C. 5201.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
          (1) to provide a permanent endowment for the 
        Eisenhower Exchange Fellowship Program;
          (2) to honor Dwight D. Eisenhower for his character, 
        courage, and patriotism, and for his leadership based 
        on moral integrity and trust;
          (3) to pay tribute to President Eisenhower's 
        leadership in war and peace, through his diverse 
        understanding of history, practical affairs, and the 
        hearts of humankind;
          (4) to address America's need for the best possible 
        higher education of its young talent for a competitive 
        world which shares a common and endangered environment;
          (5) to advance the network of friendship and trust 
        already established in President Eisenhower's name, so 
        that it may continue to grow to the imminent challenges 
        of the 21st century;
          (6) to complete Dwight David Eisenhower's crusade to 
        liberate the people's \3\ of Europe from oppression;
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \3\ So in original. Should read peoples.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
          (7) to deepen and expand relationships with European 
        nations developing democracy and self-determination; 
        and
          (8) to honor President Dwight D. Eisenhower on the 
        occasion of the centennial of his birth through 
        permanent endowment of an established fellowship 
        program, the Eisenhower Exchange Fellowships, to 
        increase educational opportunities for young leaders in 
        preparation for and enhancement of their professional 
        careers, and advancement of peace through international 
        understanding.

SEC. 3.\4\ EISENHOWER EXCHANGE FELLOWSHIP PROGRAM TRUST FUND.

    (a) Establishment.--There is established in the Treasury of 
the United States a trust fund to be known as the Eisenhower 
Exchange Fellowship Program Trust Fund (hereinafter in this Act 
referred to as the ``fund''). The fund shall consist of amounts 
authorized to be appropriated under section 5 of this Act.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \4\ 20 U.S.C. 5202.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    (b) Investment in Interest Bearing Obligations.--It shall 
be the duty of the Secretary of the Treasury to invest in full 
amounts appropriated to the fund. Such investments may be made 
only in interest-bearing obligations of the United States or in 
obligations guaranteed as to both principal and interests \5\ 
by the United States. For such purpose, such obligations may be 
acquired (1) on original issue at the issue price, or (2) by 
purchase of outstanding obligations at the market price. The 
purposes for which obligations of the United States may be 
issued under chapter 31 of title 31, are hereby extended to 
authorize the issuance at par of special obligations 
exclusively to the fund. Such special obligations shall bear 
interest at a rate equal to the average rate of interest, 
computed as to the end of the calendar month next preceding the 
date of such issue borne by all marketable interest-bearing 
obligations of the United States then forming a part of the 
public debt; except that where such average rate is not a 
multiple of one-eighth of 1 percent, the rate of interest of 
such special obligations shall be the multiple of one-eighth of 
1 percent next lower than such average rate. Such special 
obligations shall be issued only if the Secretary determines 
that the purchase of other than interest-bearing obligations of 
the United States, or of obligations guaranteed as to both 
principal and interest by the United States or original issue 
or at the market price, is not in the public interest.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \5\ Should probably read ``interest''.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    (c) Sale and Redemption of Obligations.--Any obligation 
acquired by the fund (except special obligations issued 
exclusively to the fund) may be sold by the Secretary of the 
Treasury at the market price, and such special obligations may 
be redeemed at par plus accrued interest.
    (d) Credit to the Fund of Interest and Proceeds of Sale or 
Redemption.--The interest on, and the proceeds from the sale or 
redemption of, any obligations held in the fund shall be 
credited to and form a part of the fund.

SEC. 4.\6\ EXPENDITURE AND AUDIT OF TRUST FUND.

    (a) Authorization of Funding.--For each fiscal year, there 
is authorized to be appropriated from the fund to Eisenhower 
Exchange Fellowships, Incorporated, the interest and earnings 
of the fund.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \6\ 20 U.S.C. 5203.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    (b) Access to Books, Records, Etc. by General Accounting 
Office.--The activities of Eisenhower Exchange Fellowships, 
Incorporated, may be audited by the General Accounting Office 
under such rules and regulations as may be prescribed by the 
Comptroller General of the United States. The representatives 
of the General Accounting Office shall have access to all 
books, accounts, records, reports, and files and all other 
papers, things, or property belonging to or in use by 
Eisenhower Exchange Fellowships, Incorporated, pertaining to 
such activities and necessary to facilitate the audit.

SEC. 5.\7\ AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.
    To provide a permanent endowment for the Eisenhower 
Exchange Fellowship Program, there are authorized to be 
appropriated to the Eisenhower Exchange Fellowships Program 
Trust Fund--
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \7\ 20 U.S.C. 5204. Title IV of the Departments of Commerce, 
Justice, and State, the Judiciary, and Related Agencies Appropriations 
Act, 2000 (H.R. 3421, enacted by reference in sec. 1000(a)(1) of Public 
Law 106-113; 113 Stat. 1535), provided the following:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

          ``eisenhower exchange fellowship program trust fund
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    ``For necessary expenses of Eisenhower Exchange Fellowships, 
Incorporated, as authorized by sections 4 and 5 of the Eisenhower 
Exchange Fellowship Act of 1990 (20 U.S.C. 5204-5205), all interest and 
earnings accruing to the Eisenhower Exchange Fellowship Program Trust 
Fund on or before September 30, 2000, to remain available until 
expended: Provided, That none of the funds appropriated herein shall be 
used to pay any salary or other compensation, or to enter into any 
contract providing for the payment thereof, in excess of the rate 
authorized by 5 U.S.C. 5376; or for purposes which are not in 
accordance with OMB Circulars A-110 (Uniform Administrative 
Requirements) and A-122 (Cost Principles for Non-profit Organizations), 
including the restrictions on compensation for personal services.''.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
          (1) $2,500,000, or
          (2) the lesser of--
                  (A) $2,500,000, or
                  (B) an amount equal to contributions to 
                Eisenhower Exchange Fellowships, Incorporated, 
                from private sector sources during the 4-year 
                period beginning on the date of enactment of 
                this Act.

SEC. 6.\8\ USE OF INCOME ON THE ENDOWMENT.

    (a) \9\ * * * [Repealed--1996]
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \8\ 20 U.S.C. 5205.
    \9\ Sec. 407 of the Department of State and Related Agencies 
Appropriations Act, 1996 [title IV of Public Law 104-134; 110 Stat. 
1321-45], repealed subsecs. 6(a) and (b). The subsecs. had read as 
follows:
    ``(a) Requirement for Funding of United States Fellows in Emerging 
European Democracies.--For any fiscal year, not less than 50 percent of 
the amounts made available to Eisenhower Exchange Fellowships, 
Incorporated, pursuant to section 4(a) shall be available only to 
assist United States fellows in traveling to and studying in emerging 
European democracies.
    ``(b) Limitation on Study in United States.--For any fiscal year, 
not more than 50 percent of the amounts made available to Eisenhower 
Exchange Fellowships, Incorporated, pursuant to section 4(a) shall be 
available to assist foreign fellows in traveling to and studying in the 
United States.''.
    Sec. 407 of Public Law 104-134 further provided:
    ``Sec. 407. Sections 6(a) and 6(b) of Public Law 101-454 are 
repealed. In addition, notwithstanding any other provision of law, 
Eisenhower Exchange Fellowships, Incorporated, may use one-third of any 
earned but unused trust income from the period 1992 through 1995 for 
Fellowship purposes in each of fiscal years 1996 through 1998.''.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    (b) \9\ * * * [Repealed--1996]
    (c) Agricultural Exchange Program.--For any fiscal year, as 
may be determined by Eisenhower Exchange Fellowships, 
Incorporated, a portion of the amounts made available to 
Eisenhower Exchange Fellowships, Incorporated, pursuant to 
section 4(a) shall be used to provide fellowships for 
agricultural exchange programs for farmers from the United 
States and foreign countries.
    (d) Participation by United States Minority Populations.--
In order to ensure that the United States fellows participating 
in programs of the Eisenhower Exchange Fellowships, 
Incorporated, are representatives of the cultural, ethnic, and 
racial diversity of the American people, of the amounts made 
available to Eisenhower Exchange Fellowships, Incorporated, 
pursuant to section 4(a) which are obligated and expended for 
United States fellowship programs, not less than 10 percent 
shall be available only for participation by individuals who 
are representative of United States minority populations.

SEC. 7.\10\ REPORT TO CONGRESS.

    For any fiscal year for which Eisenhower Exchange 
Fellowships, Incorporated, receive funds pursuant to section 
4(a) of this Act, Eisenhower Exchange Fellowships, 
Incorporated, shall prepare and transmit to the President and 
the Congress a report of its activities for such fiscal year.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \10\ 20 U.S.C. 5206.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

SEC. 8.\11\ [Repealed--1995]
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \11\ Sec. 1(a) of Public Law 104-72 (109 Stat. 776) repealed sec. 
8, which had extended the authority of USIA to implement an au pair 
program.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
          * * * * * * *
            (6) Assistance to Eastern Europe and Yugoslavia

Partial text of Public Law 101-243 [Urgent Assistance for Democracy in 
Panama Act of 1990; H.R. 3952], 104 Stat. 7, approved February 14, 1990

AN ACT To authorize certain United States assistance and trade benefits 
                   for Panama and for other purposes.

    Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of 
the United States of America in Congress assembled,

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE

    This Act may be cited as the ``Urgent Assistance for 
Democracy in Panama Act of 1990''.

                          TITLE I--PANAMA \1\

          * * * * * * *

                TITLE II--EASTERN EUROPE AND YUGOSLAVIA

SEC. 201. ASSISTANCE TO SUPPORT TRANSITION TO DEMOCRACY.

    (a) Authority.--Notwithstanding any other provision of law, 
the President may use up to $10,000,000 of the funds 
appropriated for fiscal year 1990 to carry out chapter 4 of 
part II of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2346 
and following; relating to the economic support fund) to 
support the process of democratic transition in East European 
countries and Yugoslavia, in addition to amounts otherwise 
available for such purposes.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \1\ Title I may be found at page 229.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    (b) Limitation.--Funds provided under this section shall be 
made available only--
          (1) after the President has certified to the Congress 
        that the country where funds are being expended has 
        had, or is scheduled to have, open and free multiparty 
        national or regional elections; and
          (2) in such a manner so as to benefit substantially a 
        full range of non-Communist political parties in the 
        countries in which such funds are used.
       (7) Support for East European Democracy (SEED) Act of 1989

 Public Law 101-179 [H.R. 3402], 103 Stat. 1298, approved November 28, 
1989; amended by Public Law 102-511 [FREEDOM Support Act; S. 2532], 106 
Stat. 3320, approved October 24, 1992; Public Law 102-549 [Jobs Through 
 Exports Act of 1992; H.R. 4996], 106 Stat. 3651, approved October 28, 
  1992; Public Law 104-99 [Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and 
   Related Programs Appropriations Act, 1996, H.R. 1868, enacted by 
 reference in sec. 301 of Public Law 104-99; H.R. 2880], 110 Stat. 26, 
 approved January 26, 1996, enacted again as Public Law 104-107 [H.R. 
 1868], 110 Stat. 704, approved February 12, 1996; Public Law 105-118 
      [Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs 
Appropriations Act, 1998; H.R. 2159], 111 Stat. 2386, approved November 
     26, 1997; and by Public Law 105-206 [Internal Revenue Service 
   Restructuring and Reform Act of 1998; H.R. 2676], 112 Stat. 685, 
                         approved July 22, 1998

AN ACT To promote political democracy and economic pluralism in Poland 
  and Hungary by assisting those nations during a critical period of 
  transition and abetting the development in those nations of private 
business sectors, labor market reforms, and democratic institutions; to 
 establish, through these steps, the framework for a composite program 
             of support for East European Democracy (SEED).

    Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of 
the United States of America in Congress assembled,

SECTION 1.\1\ SHORT TITLE AND TABLE OF CONTENTS.

  (a) Short Title.--This Act may be cited as the ``Support for 
East European Democracy (SEED) Act of 1989''.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \1\ 22 U.S.C. 5401 note.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
  (b) Table of Contents.--The table of contents for this Act is 
as follows:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \2\ Sec. 202(e) of Public Law 102-549 (106 Stat. 3658) provided 
that any reference in any law to the Trade and Development Program 
shall be deemed to be a reference to the Trade and Development Agency.

---------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                   Page

Sec. 1. Short title and table of contents........................    95
Sec. 2. Support for East European Democracy (SEED) Program.......    96
Sec. 3. Scope of Authority.......................................   100

                     TITLE I--STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT

Sec. 101. Multilateral support for structural adjustment in 
  Poland and Hungary.............................................   101
Sec. 102. Stabilization assistance for Poland....................   102
Sec. 103. Agricultural assistance................................   103
Sec. 104. Debt-for-equity swaps and other special techniques.....   104

                  TITLE II--PRIVATE SECTOR DEVELOPMENT

Sec. 201. Enterprise Funds for Poland and Hungary................   104
Sec. 202. Labor market transition in Poland and Hungary..........   108
Sec. 203. Technical training for private sector development in 
  Poland and Hungary.............................................   109
Sec. 204. Peace Corps programs in Poland and Hungary.............   110
Sec. 205. Use of Polish currency generated by agricultural 
  assistance.....................................................   110
Sec. 206. United States policy of private financial support for 
  Polish and Hungarian credit unions.............................   111

                    TITLE III--TRADE AND INVESTMENT

Sec. 301. Eligibility of Poland for Generalized System of 
  Preferences....................................................   112
Sec. 302. Overseas Private Investment Corporation programs for 
  Poland and Hungary.............................................   112
Sec. 303. Export-Import Bank programs for Poland and Hungary.....   112
Sec. 304. Trade Credit Insurance Program for Poland..............   113
Sec. 305. Trade and Development Agency \2\ activities for Poland 
  and Hungary....................................................   113
Sec. 306. Bilateral investment treaties with Poland and Hungary..   113
Sec. 307. Certain Polish bonds not subject to Internal Revenue 
  Code rules relating to below-market loans......................   113

       TITLE IV--EDUCATIONAL, CULTURAL, AND SCIENTIFIC ACTIVITIES

Sec. 401. Educational and cultural exchanges and sister 
  institutions programs with Poland and Hungary..................   113
Sec. 402. Poland-Hungary scholarship partnership.................   114
Sec. 403. Science and technology exchange with Poland and Hungary   115

                   TITLE V--OTHER ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS

Sec. 501. Assistance in support of democratic institutions in 
  Poland and Hungary.............................................   116
Sec. 502. Environmental initiatives for Poland and Hungary.......   116
Sec. 503. Medical supplies, hospital equipment, and medical 
  training for Poland............................................   118

               TITLE VI--ADDITIONAL SEED PROGRAM ACTIONS

Sec. 601. Policy coordination of SEED Program....................   118
Sec. 602. SEED Information Center System.........................   118
Sec. 603. Encouraging voluntary assistance for Poland and Hungary   119
Sec. 604. Economic and commercial officers at United States 
  Embassies and missions in Poland and Hungary...................   119

                     TITLE VII--REPORTS TO CONGRESS

Sec. 701. Report on initial steps taken by United States and on 
  Poland's requirement for agricultural assistance...............   120
Sec. 702. Report on confidence building measures by Poland and 
  Hungary........................................................   120
Sec. 703. Report on environmental problems in Poland and Hungary.   120
Sec. 704. Annual SEED Program report.............................   121
Sec. 705. Reports on certain activities..........................   122
Sec. 706. Notifications to Congress regarding assistance.........   122

                  TITLE VIII--MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS

Sec. 801. Suspension of SEED assistance..........................   122
Sec. 802. Declaration of the Republic of Hungary.................   122
Sec. 803. Administrative expenses of the Agency for International 
  Development....................................................   123
Sec. 804. Relation of provisions of this Act to certain 
  provisions of appropriations Acts..............................   123
Sec. 805. Certain uses of excess foreign currencies..............   124

SEC. 2.\3\ SUPPORT FOR EAST EUROPEAN DEMOCRACY (SEED) PROGRAM.
  (a) SEED Program.--The United States shall implement, 
beginning in fiscal year 1990, a concerted Program of Support 
for East European Democracy (which may also be referred to as 
the ``SEED Program''). The SEED Program shall be comprised of 
diverse undertakings designed to provide cost-effective 
assistance to those countries of Eastern Europe that have taken 
substantive steps toward institutionalizing political democracy 
and economic pluralism.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \3\ 22 U.S.C. 5401. Titles II and III of the Foreign Operations, 
Export Financing, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 2000 
(Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs 
Appropriations Act, 2000 (H.R. 3422, enacted by reference in sec. 
1000(a)(2) of Public Law 106-113; 113 Stat. 1535), provided the 
following:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

         ``assistance for eastern europe and the baltic states
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    ``(a) For necessary expenses to carry out the provisions of the 
Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 and the Support for East European 
Democracy (SEED) Act of 1989, $535,000,000, to remain available until 
September 30, 2001, which shall be available, notwithstanding any other 
provision of law, for assistance and for related programs for Eastern 
Europe and the Baltic States: Provided, That of the funds appropriated 
under this heading not less than $150,000,000 should be made available 
for assistance for Kosova: Provided further, That of the funds made 
available under this heading and the headings `International Narcotics 
Control and Law Enforcement' and `Economic Support Fund', not to exceed 
$130,000,000 shall be made available for Bosnia and Herzegovina: 
Provided further, That none of the funds made available under this 
heading for Kosova shall be made available until the Secretary of State 
certifies that the resources pledged by the United States at the 
upcoming Kosova donors conference shall not exceed 15 percent of the 
total resources pledged by all donors: Provided further, That none of 
the funds made available under this heading for Kosova shall be made 
available for large scale physical infrastructure reconstruction.
    ``(b) Funds appropriated under this heading or in prior 
appropriations Acts that are or have been made available for an 
Enterprise Fund may be deposited by such Fund in interest-bearing 
accounts prior to the Fund's disbursement of such funds for program 
purposes. The Fund may retain for such program purposes any interest 
earned on such deposits without returning such interest to the Treasury 
of the United States and without further appropriation by the Congress. 
Funds made available for Enterprise Funds shall be expended at the 
minimum rate necessary to make timely payment for projects and 
activities.
    ``(c) Funds appropriated under this heading shall be considered to 
be economic assistance under the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 for 
purposes of making available the administrative authorities contained 
in that Act for the use of economic assistance.
    ``(d) None of the funds appropriated under this heading may be made 
available for new housing construction or repair or reconstruction of 
existing housing in Bosnia and Herzegovina unless directly related to 
the efforts of United States troops to promote peace in said country.
    ``(e) With regard to funds appropriated under this heading for the 
economic revitalization program in Bosnia and Herzegovina, and local 
currencies generated by such funds (including the conversion of funds 
appropriated under this heading into currency used by Bosnia and 
Herzegovina as local currency and local currency returned or repaid 
under such program) the Administrator of the Agency for International 
Development shall provide written approval for grants and loans prior 
to the obligation and expenditure of funds for such purposes, and prior 
to the use of funds that have been returned or repaid to any lending 
facility or grantee.
    ``(f) The provisions of section 532 of this Act shall apply to 
funds made available under subsection (e) and to funds appropriated 
under this heading.
    ``(g) The President is authorized to withhold funds appropriated 
under this heading made available for economic revitalization programs 
in Bosnia and Herzegovina, if he determines and certifies to the 
Committees on Appropriations that the Federation of Bosnia and 
Herzegovina has not complied with article III of annex 1-A of the 
General Framework Agreement for Peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina 
concerning the withdrawal of foreign forces, and that intelligence 
cooperation on training, investigations, and related activities between 
Iranian officials and Bosnian officials has not been terminated.''.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
          * * * * * * *

                  ``foreign military financing program
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    ``For expenses necessary for grants to enable the President to 
carry out the provisions of section 23 of the Arms Export Control Act, 
$3,420,000,000: * * *
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    * * * Provided further, That none of the funds made 
available under this heading shall be available for any non-
NATO country participating in the Partnership for Peace Program 
except through the regular notification procedures of the 
Committees on Appropriations.''.
          * * * * * * *
  (b) Objectives of SEED Assistance.--The President should 
ensure that the assistance provided to East European countries 
pursuant to this Act is designed--
          (1) to contribute to the development of democratic 
        institutions and political pluralism characterized by--
                  (A) the establishment of fully democratic and 
                representative political systems based on free 
                and fair elections,
                  (B) effective recognition of fundamental 
                liberties and individual freedoms, including 
                freedom of speech, religion, and association,
                  (C) termination of all laws and regulations 
                which impede the operation of a free press and 
                the formation of political parties,
                  (D) creation of an independent judiciary, and
                  (E) establishment of non-partisan military, 
                security, and police forces;
          (2) to promote the development of a free market 
        economic system characterized by--
                  (A) privatization of economic entities,
                  (B) establishment of full rights to acquire 
                and hold private property, including land and 
                the benefits of contractual relations,
                  (C) simplification of regulatory controls 
                regarding the establishment and operation of 
                businesses,
                  (D) dismantlement of all wage and price 
                controls,
                  (E) removal of trade restrictions, including 
                on both imports and exports,
                  (F) liberalization of investment and capital, 
                including the repatriation of profits by 
                foreign investors;
                  (G) tax policies which provide incentives for 
                economic activity and investment,
                  (H) establishment of rights to own and 
                operate private banks and other financial 
                service firms, as well as unrestricted access 
                to private sources of credit, and
                  (I) access to a market for stocks, bonds, and 
                other instruments through which individuals may 
                invest in the private sector; and
          (3) not to contribute any substantial benefit--
                  (A) to Communist or other political parties 
                or organizations which are not committed to 
                respect for the democratic process, or
                  (B) to the defense or security forces of any 
                member country of the Warsaw Pact.
  (c) SEED Actions.--Assistance and other activities under the 
SEED Program (which may be referred to as ``SEED Actions'') 
shall include activities such as the following:
          (1) Leadership in the world bank and international 
        monetary fund.--United States leadership in 
        supporting--
                  (A) loans by the International Bank for 
                Reconstruction and Development and its 
                affiliated institutions in the World Bank group 
                that are designed to modernize industry, 
                agriculture, and infrastructure, and
                  (B) International Monetary Fund programs 
                designed to stimulate sound economic growth.
          (2) Currency stabilization loans.--United States 
        leadership in supporting multilateral agreement to 
        provide government-to-government loans for currency 
        stabilization where such loans can reduce inflation and 
        thereby foster conditions necessary for the effective 
        implementation of economic reforms.
          (3) Debt reduction and rescheduling.--Participation 
        in multilateral activities aimed at reducing and 
        rescheduling a country's international debt, when 
        reduction and deferral of debt payments can assist the 
        process of political and economic transition.
          (4) Agricultural assistance.--Assistance through the 
        grant and concessional sale of food and other 
        agricultural commodities and products when such 
        assistance can ease critical shortages but not inhibit 
        agricultural production and marketing in the recipient 
        country.
          (5) Enterprise funds.--Grants to support private, 
        nonprofit ``Enterprise Funds'', designated by the 
        President pursuant to law and governed by a Board of 
        Directors, which undertake loans, grants, equity 
        investments, feasibility studies, technical assistance, 
        training, and other forms of assistance to private 
        enterprise activities in the Eastern European country 
        for which the Enterprise Fund so is designated.
          (6) Labor market-oriented technical assistance.--
        Technical assistance programs directed at promoting 
        labor market reforms and facilitating economic 
        adjustment.
          (7) Technical training.--Programs to provide 
        technical skills to assist in the development of a 
        market economy.
          (8) Peace corps.--Establishment of Peace Corps 
        programs.
          (9) Support for indigenous credit unions.--Support 
        for the establishment of indigenous credit unions.
          (10) Generalized system of preferences.--Eligibility 
        for trade benefits under the Generalized System of 
        Preferences.
          (11) \4\ Normal trade relations.--The granting of 
        temporary or permanent nondiscriminatory treatment \5\ 
        to the products of an East European country through the 
        application of the criteria and procedures established 
        by section 402 of the Trade Act of 1974 (19 U.S.C. 
        2432; commonly referred to as the ``Jackson-Vanik 
        amendment'').\6\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \4\ Sec. 5003(b)(6)(B) of Public Law 105-206 (112 Stat. 790) struck 
out ``most favored nation trade status'' and inserted in lieu thereof 
``normal trade relations''.
    \5\ Sec. 5003(b)(6)(A) of Public Law 105-206 (112 Stat. 790) struck 
out ``(commonly referred to as `most favored nation status')'' after 
``permanent nondiscriminatory treatment''.
    \6\ See Legislation on Foreign Relations Through 1999, vol. III.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
          (12) Overseas private investment corporation.--
        Programs of the Overseas Private Investment 
        Corporation.
          (13) Export-import bank programs.--Programs of the 
        Export-Import Bank of the United States.
          (14) Trade and development agency \7\ activities.--
        Trade and Development Agency \7\ activities under the 
        Foreign Assistance Act of 1961.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \7\ Sec. 202(e) of Public Law 102-549 (106 Stat. 3658) provided 
that any reference in any law to the Trade and Development Program 
shall be deemed to be a reference to the Trade and Development Agency.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
          (15) Investment treaties.--Negotiation of bilateral 
        investment treaties.
          (16) Special tax treatment of below-market loans.--
        Exempting bonds from Internal Revenue Code rules 
        relating to below-market loans.
          (17) Exchange activities.--Expanded exchange 
        activities under the Fulbright, International Visitors, 
        and other programs conducted by the United States 
        Information Agency.
          (18) Cultural centers.--Contributions toward the 
        establishment of reciprocal cultural centers that can 
        facilitate educational and cultural exchange and 
        expanded understanding of Western social democracy.
          (19) Sister institutions.--Establishment of sister 
        institution programs between American and East European 
        schools and universities, towns and cities, and other 
        organizations in such fields as medicine and health 
        care, business management, environmental protection, 
        and agriculture.
          (20) Scholarships.--Scholarships to enable students 
        to study in the United States.
          (21) Science and technology exchanges.--Grants for 
        the implementation of bilateral agreements providing 
        for cooperation in science and technology exchange.
          (22) Assistance for democratic institutions.--
        Assistance designed to support the development of 
        legal, legislative, electoral, journalistic, and other 
        institutions of free, pluralist societies.
          (23) Environmental assistance.--Environmental 
        assistance directed at overcoming crucial deficiencies 
        in air and water quality and other determinants of a 
        healthful society.
          (24) Medical assistance.--Medical assistance 
        specifically targeted to overcome severe deficiencies 
        in pharmaceuticals and other basic health supplies.
          (25) Encouragement for private investment and 
        voluntary assistance.--Encouraging private investment 
        and voluntary private assistance, using a variety of 
        means including a SEED Information Center System and 
        the provision by the Department of Defense of 
        transportation for private nonfinancial contributions.

SEC. 3.\8\ SCOPE OF AUTHORITY.

    (a) General Authorization.--The President is authorized to 
conduct activities for any East European country that are 
similar to any activity authorized by this Act to be conducted 
in Poland or Hungary (excluding those authorized by section 102 
or the amendments made by sections 301 and 304) if such similar 
activities would effectively promote a transition to market-
oriented democracy.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \8\ 22 U.S.C. 5402. Sec. 903 of the FREEDOM Support Act (Public Law 
102-511; 106 Stat. 3355) added sec. 3.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    (b) Administration of Justice Programs.--In order to 
strengthen the administration of justice in East European 
countries, the President may exercise the same authorities with 
respect to those countries as are available under section 534 
of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, subject to the 
limitations and requirements of that section, other than 
subsection (c) and the last two sentences of subsection (e).
    (c) Definition of East European Country.--For purposes of 
this Act, the term ``East European country'' includes Albania, 
Bulgaria, the Czech and Slovak Federal Republic, Estonia, 
Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, and states that 
were part of the former Socialist Federal Republic of 
Yugoslavia.

                     TITLE I--STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT

SEC. 101.\9\ MULTILATERAL SUPPORT FOR STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT IN POLAND 
                    AND HUNGARY.

  (a) Multilateral Assistance for Poland and Hungary.--
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \9\ 22 U.S.C. 5411.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
          (1) In general.--To the extent that Poland and 
        Hungary continue to evolve toward pluralism and 
        democracy and to develop and implement comprehensive 
        economic reform programs, the United States Government 
        shall take the leadership in mobilizing international 
        financial institutions, in particular the International 
        Monetary Fund and the International Bank for 
        Reconstruction and Development and its affiliated 
        institutions in the World Bank group, to provide timely 
        and appropriate resources to help Poland and Hungary.
          (2) World bank structural adjustment loan for 
        poland.--In furtherance of paragraph (1), the Secretary 
        of the Treasury shall direct the United States 
        Executive Director of the International Bank for 
        Reconstruction and Development to urge expeditious 
        approval and disbursement by the Bank of a structural 
        adjustment loan to Poland in an appropriate amount in 
        time to facilitate the implementation of major economic 
        reforms scheduled for early 1990, including the 
        termination of energy, export, and agricultural 
        subsidies and wage indexation.
  (b) Stabilization Assistance, Debt Relief, and Agricultural 
Assistance for Poland.--To the extent that Poland continues to 
evolve toward pluralism and democracy and to develop and 
implement comprehensive economic reform programs, the United 
States Government shall do the following:
          (1) Stabilization assistance.--The United States 
        Government, in conjunction with other member 
        governments of the Organization of Economic Cooperation 
        and Development (OECD) and international financial 
        institutions (including the International Monetary 
        Fund), shall support the implementation of a plan of 
        the Government of Poland to attack hyperinflation and 
        other structural economic problems, address pressing 
        social problems, carry out comprehensive economic 
        reform, and relieve immediate and urgent balance of 
        payments requirements in Poland, through the use of 
        mechanisms such as--
                  (A) the Exchange Stabilization Fund pursuant 
                to section 5302 of title 31, United States 
                Code, and in accordance with established 
                Department of the Treasury policies and 
                procedures; and
                  (B) the authority provided in section 102(c) 
                of this Act.
          (2) Debt relief.--The United States Government--
                  (A) shall urge all members of the ``Paris 
                Club'' of creditor governments and other 
                creditor governments to adopt, and participate 
                in, a generous and early rescheduling program 
                for debts owed by the Government of Poland; and
                  (B) in coordination with other creditor 
                governments, shall seek to expedite 
                consultations between the Government of Poland 
                and its major private creditors in order to 
                facilitate a rescheduling and reduction of 
                payments due on debt owed to such creditors in 
                a manner consistent with the international debt 
                policy announced by the Secretary of the 
                Treasury on March 10, 1989.
          (3) Agricultural assistance.--The United States 
        Government shall provide agricultural assistance for 
        Poland in accordance with section 103.

SEC. 102.\10\ STABILIZATION ASSISTANCE FOR POLAND.

  (a) Immediate Emergency Assistance.--To the extent that the 
ongoing International Monetary Fund review of the Polish 
economy projects a probable balance of payments shortage for 
the fourth quarter of 1989, the United States Government, in 
carrying out paragraph (1) of section 101(b)--
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \10\ 22 U.S.C. 5412.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
          (1) should work closely with the European Community 
        and international financial institutions to determine 
        the extent of emergency assistance required by Poland 
        for the fourth quarter of 1989, and
          (2) should consider extending a bridge loan to 
        relieve immediate and urgent balance of payments 
        requirements using the Exchange Stabilization Fund in 
        accordance with paragraph (1)(A) of section 101(b).
  (b) Immediate, Multilateral Response to Poland's Economic 
Stabilization Needs.--In furtherance of section 101(b)(1), the 
President, acting in coordination with the European Community, 
should seek to ensure that the industrialized democracies 
undertake an immediate, multilateral effort to respond to 
Poland's request for $1,000,000,000 to support its economic 
stabilization program.
  (c) Additional Authority To Provide Stabilization 
Assistance.--
          (1) Authority.--In order to carry out paragraph (1) 
        of section 101(b), the President is authorized to 
        furnish assistance for Poland, notwithstanding any 
        other provision of law, to assist in the urgent 
        stabilization of the Polish economy and ultimately to 
        promote longer-term economic growth and stability, 
        based on movement toward free market principles. Such 
        assistance may be provided for balance of payments 
        support (including commodity import programs), support 
        for private sector development, or for other activities 
        to further efforts to develop a free market-oriented 
        economy in Poland.
          (2) Authorization of appropriations.--For purposes of 
        providing the assistance authorized by this subsection, 
        there are authorized to be appropriated $200,000,000 
        for fiscal year 1990 to carry out chapter 4 of part II 
        of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2346 
        and following; relating to the economic support fund), 
        in addition to amounts otherwise available for such 
        purposes.

SEC. 103.\11\ AGRICULTURAL ASSISTANCE.

  (a) Agricultural Assistance Strategy.--
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \11\ 22 U.S.C. 5413.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
          (1) United states assistance.--A principal component 
        of the SEED Program shall be the provision by the 
        United States of food and other agricultural 
        commodities and products to alleviate crucial shortages 
        that may be created in an East European country by the 
        transition from state-directed controls to a free 
        market economy.
          (2) Assistance from other countries.--In order to 
        ensure the necessary quantity and diversity of 
        agricultural assistance for that purpose, the United 
        States shall take all appropriate steps to encourage 
        parallel efforts by the European Community and other 
        agricultural surplus countries.
          (3) Avoiding disincentives to private agricultural 
        production and marketing.--In participating in such 
        multilateral agricultural assistance, the United States 
        shall seek to strike a balance wherein agricultural 
        commodities and products are supplied in such 
        quantities as will be effective in overcoming severe 
        shortages and dampening inflation but without impeding 
        the development of incentives for private agricultural 
        production and marketing in the recipient country.
  (b) Agricultural Assistance for Poland.--Pursuant to section 
101(b)(3), the United States Government--
          (1) shall make available to Poland, in coordination 
        with the European Community, United States agricultural 
        assistance--
                  (A) to alleviate immediate food shortages 
                (such assistance to be specifically targeted 
                toward elements of the Polish population most 
                vulnerable to hunger and malnutrition, in 
                particular the infirm, the elderly, and 
                children), and
                  (B) to facilitate the transition from state-
                directed controls to a free market economy, 
                while avoiding disincentives to domestic 
                agricultural production and reform; and
          (2) in order to ensure the necessary quantity and 
        diversity of such agricultural assistance, shall take 
        all appropriate steps to encourage parallel efforts by 
        the European Community and other agricultural surplus 
        countries.
  (c) FY 1990 Minimum Level of Agricultural Assistance for 
Poland.--In carrying out subsection (b) of this section, the 
level of assistance for Poland for fiscal year 1990 under 
section 416(b) of the Agricultural Act of 1949 (7 U.S.C. 
1431(b)), the Agricultural Trade Development and Assistance Act 
of 1954 (7 U.S.C. 1691 and following), and the Food for 
Progress Act of 1985 (7 U.S.C. 1736o) should not be less than 
$125,000,000. Such assistance--
          (1) to the maximum extent practicable, shall be 
        provided through nongovernmental organizations; and
          (2) shall emphasize feed grains.
  (d) Consistency With Budget Requirements.--Subsection (c) 
should not be construed to authorize or require any budgetary 
obligations or outlays that are inconsistent with House 
Concurrent Resolution 106 of the 101st Congress (setting forth 
the congressional budget for the United States Government for 
fiscal year 1990).

SEC. 104.\12\ DEBT-FOR-EQUITY SWAPS AND OTHER SPECIAL TECHNIQUES.

  (a) Reduction of Debt Burden.--The President shall take all 
appropriate actions to explore and encourage innovative 
approaches to the reduction of the government-to-government and 
commercial debt burden of East European countries which have 
taken substantive steps toward political democracy and economic 
pluralism.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \12\ 22 U.S.C. 5414. Sec. 4 of Executive Order 12703, February 20, 
1990 (55 F.R. 6351), delegated the functions conferred upon the 
President in this section relating to debt reduction of certain East 
European countries to the Secretary of the Treasury.
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  (b) Authority for Discounted Sales of Debt.--Notwithstanding 
any other provision of law, the President may undertake the 
discounted sale, to private purchasers, of United States 
Government debt obligations of an East European country which 
has taken substantive steps toward political democracy and 
economic pluralism, subject to subsection (c).
  (c) Condition.--An obligation may be sold under subsection 
(b) only if the sale will facilitate so-called debt-for-equity 
or debt-for-development swaps wherein such newly privatized 
debt is exchanged by the new holder of the obligation for--
          (1) local currencies, policy commitments, or other 
        assets needed for development or other economic 
        activities, or
          (2) for an equity interest in an enterprise 
        theretofore owned by the particular East European 
        government.

                  TITLE II--PRIVATE SECTOR DEVELOPMENT

SEC. 201.\13\ ENTERPRISE FUNDS FOR POLAND AND HUNGARY.

  (a) Purposes.--The purposes of this section are to promote--
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \13\ 22 U.S.C. 5421. Sec. 2 of Executive Order No. 12703, February 
20, 1990 (55 F.R. 6351), as amended, delegated the functions conferred 
upon the President in this section relating to Enterprise Funds for 
Poland and Hungary to the Secretary of State.
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          (1) development of the Polish and Hungarian private 
        sectors, including small businesses, the agricultural 
        sector, and joint ventures with United States and host 
        country participants, and
          (2) policies and practices conducive to private 
        sector development in Poland and Hungary,
through loans, grants, equity investments, feasibility studies, 
technical assistance, training, insurance, guarantees, and 
other measures.
  (b) Authorization of Appropriations.--To carry out the 
purposes specified in subsection (a), there are authorized to 
be appropriated to the President--
          (1) $240,000,000 to support the Polish-American 
        Enterprise Fund; and
          (2) $60,000,000 to support the Hungarian-American 
        Enterprise Fund.
Such amounts are authorized to be made available until 
expended.
  (c) Nonapplicability of Other Laws.--The funds appropriated 
under subsection (b) may be made available to the Polish-
American Enterprise Fund and the Hungarian-American Enterprise 
Fund and used for the purposes of this section notwithstanding 
any other provision of law.
  (d) Designation of Enterprise Funds.--
          (1) Designation.--The President is authorized to 
        designate two private, nonprofit organizations as 
        eligible to receive funds and support pursuant to this 
        section upon determining that such organizations have 
        been established for the purposes specified in 
        subsection (a). For purposes of this Act, the 
        organizations so designated shall be referred to as the 
        Polish-American Enterprise Fund and the Hungarian-
        American Enterprise Fund (hereinafter in this section 
        referred to as the ``Enterprise Funds'').
          (2) Consultation with congress.--The President shall 
        consult with the leadership of each House of Congress 
        before designating an organization pursuant to 
        paragraph (1).
          (3) Board of directors.--(A) Each Enterprise Fund 
        shall be governed by a Board of Directors comprised of 
        private citizens of the United States, and citizens of 
        the respective host country, who have demonstrated 
        experience and expertise in those areas of private 
        sector development in which the Enterprise Fund is 
        involved.
          (B) A majority of the members of the Board of 
        Directors of each Enterprise Fund shall be United 
        States citizens: \14\ Provided, That, as to Enterprise 
        Funds established with respect to more than one host 
        country, such Enterprise Fund may, in lieu of the 
        appointment of citizens of the host countries to its 
        Board of Directors, establish an advisory council for 
        the host region comprised of citizens of each of the 
        host countries or establish separate advisory councils 
        for each of the host countries (hereinafter in this 
        section referred to as the ``Advisory Councils''), with 
        which the Enterprise Fund's policies and proposed 
        activities and such host country citizens shall satisfy 
        the experience and expertise requirements of this 
        clause.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \14\ Title II--Bilateral Economic Assistance, Assistance for the 
New Independent States of the Former Soviet Union, of the Foreign 
Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 
1996 (as enacted by reference in sec. 301 of Public Law 104-99; 110 
Stat. 26; enacted again as Public Law 104-107; 110 Stat. 714), added 
the proviso.
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          (C) A host country citizen who is not committed to 
        respect for democracy and a free market economy may not 
        serve as a member of the Board of Directors of an 
        Enterprise Fund.
          (4) Eligibility of enterprise funds for grants.--
        Grants may be made to an Enterprise Fund under this 
        section only if the Enterprise Fund agrees to comply 
        with the requirements specified in this section.
          (5) Private character of enterprise funds.--Nothing 
        in this section shall be construed to make an 
        Enterprise Fund an agency or establishment of the 
        United States Government, or to make the officers, 
        employees, or members of the Board of Directors of an 
        Enterprise Fund officers or employees of the United 
        States for purposes of title 5, United States Code.
  (e) Grants to Enterprise Funds.--Funds appropriated to the 
President pursuant to subsection (b) shall be granted to the 
Enterprise Funds by the Agency for International Development to 
enable the Enterprise Funds to carry out the purposes specified 
in subsection (a) and for the administrative expenses of each 
Enterprise Fund.
  (f) Eligible Programs and Projects.--
          (1) In general.--The Enterprise Funds may provide 
        assistance pursuant to this section only for programs 
        and projects which are consistent with the purposes set 
        forth in subsection (a).
          (2) Employee stock ownership plans.--Funds available 
        to the Enterprise Funds may be used to encourage the 
        establishment of Employee Stock Ownership Plans (ESOPs) 
        in Poland and Hungary.
          (3) Indigenous credit unions.--Funds available to the 
        Enterprise Funds may be used for technical and other 
        assistance to support the development of indigenous 
        credit unions in Poland and Hungary. As used in this 
        paragraph, the term ``credit union'' means a member-
        owned, nonprofit, cooperative depository institution--
                  (A) which is formed to permit individuals in 
                the field of membership specified in such 
                institution's charter to pool their savings, 
                lend the savings to one another, and own the 
                organization where they save, borrow, and 
                obtain related financial services; and
                  (B) whose members are united by a common bond 
                and democratically operate the institution.
          (4) Telecommunications modernization in poland.--The 
        Polish-American Enterprise Fund may use up to 
        $25,000,000 for grants for projects providing for the 
        early introduction in Poland of modern telephone 
        systems and telecommunications technology, which are 
        crucial in establishing the conditions for successful 
        transition to political democracy and economic 
        pluralism.
          (5) Economic foundation of nszz solidarnosc.--Funds 
        available to the Polish-American Enterprise Fund may be 
        used to support the Economic Foundation of NSZZ 
        Solidarnosc.
  (g) Matters To Be Considered by Enterprise Funds.--In 
carrying out this section, each Enterprise Fund shall take into 
account such considerations as internationally recognized 
worker rights and other internationally recognized human 
rights, environmental factors, United States economic and 
employment effects, and the likelihood of commercial viability 
of the activity receiving assistance from the Enterprise Fund.
  (h) Retention of Interest.--An Enterprise Fund may hold funds 
granted to it pursuant to this section in interest-bearing 
accounts, prior to the disbursement of such funds for purposes 
specified in subsection (a), and may retain for such program 
purposes any interest earned on such deposits without returning 
such interest to the Treasury of the United States and without 
further appropriation by the Congress.
  (i) Use of United States Private Venture Capital.--In order 
to maximize the effectiveness of the activities of the 
Enterprise Funds, each Enterprise Fund may conduct public 
offerings or private placements for the purpose of soliciting 
and accepting United States venture capital which may be used, 
separately or together with funds made available pursuant to 
this section, for any lawful investment purpose that the Board 
of Directors of the Enterprise Fund may determine in carrying 
out this section. Financial returns on Enterprise Fund 
investments that include a component of private venture capital 
may be distributed, at such times and in such amounts as the 
Board of Directors of the Enterprise Fund may determine, to the 
investors of such capital.
  (j) Financial Instruments for Individual Investment in 
Poland.--In order to maximize the effectiveness of the 
activities of the Polish-American Enterprise Fund, that 
Enterprise Fund should undertake all possible efforts to 
establish financial instruments that will enable individuals to 
invest in the private sectors of Poland and that will thereby 
have the effect of multiplying the impact of United States 
grants to that Enterprise Fund.
  (k) Nonapplicability of Other Laws.--Executive branch 
agencies may conduct programs and activities and provide 
services in support of the activities of the Enterprise Funds 
notwithstanding any other provision of law.
    (l) \15\ Limitation on Payments to Enterprise Fund 
Personnel.--
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \15\ Sec. 588 of the Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and 
Related Programs Appropriations Act, 1998 (Public Law 105-118; 111 
Stat. 2438), amended and restated subsec. (l). It formerly read as 
follows:
    ``(l) Limitation on Payments to Enterprise Fund Personnel.--No part 
of the funds of either Enterprise Fund shall inure to the benefit of 
any board member, officer, or employee of such Enterprise Fund, except 
as salary or reasonable compensation for services.''.
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          (1) No part of the funds of an Enterprise Fund shall 
        inure to the benefit of any board member, officer, or 
        employee of such Enterprise Fund, except as salary or 
        reasonable compensation for services subject to 
        paragraph (2).
          (2) An Enterprise Fund shall not pay compensation for 
        services to--
                  (A) any board member of the Enterprise Fund, 
                except for services as a board member; or
                  (B) any firm, association, or entity in which 
                a board member of the Enterprise Fund serves as 
                partner, director, officer, or employee.
          (3) Nothing in paragraph (2) shall preclude payment 
        for services performed before the date of enactment of 
        this subsection nor for arrangements approved by the 
        grantor and notified in writing to the Committees on 
        Appropriations.
  (m) Independent Private Audits.--The accounts of each 
Enterprise Fund shall be audited annually in accordance with 
generally accepted auditing standards by independent certified 
public accountants or independent licensed public accountants 
certified or licensed by a regulatory authority of a State or 
other political subdivision of the United States. The report of 
each such independent audit shall be included in the annual 
report required by this section.
  (n) GAO Audits.--The financial transactions undertaken 
pursuant to this section by each Enterprise Fund may be audited 
by the General Accounting Office in accordance with such 
principles and procedures and under such rules and regulations 
as may be prescribed by the Comptroller General of the United 
States, so long as the Enterprise Fund is in receipt of United 
States Government grants.
  (o) Recordkeeping Requirements.--The Enterprise Funds shall 
ensure--
          (1) that each recipient of assistance provided 
        through the Enterprise Funds under this section keeps--
                  (A) separate accounts with respect to such 
                assistance;
                  (B) such records as may be reasonably 
                necessary to disclose fully the amount and the 
                disposition by such recipient of the proceeds 
                of such assistance, the total cost of the 
                project or undertaking in connection with which 
                such assistance is given or used, and the 
                amount and nature of that portion of the cost 
                of the project or undertaking supplied by other 
                sources; and
                  (C) such other records as will facilitate an 
                effective audit; and
          (2) that the Enterprise Funds, or any of their duly 
        authorized representatives, have access for the purpose 
        of audit and examination to any books, documents, 
        papers, and records of the recipient that are pertinent 
        to assistance provided through the Enterprise Funds 
        under this section.
  (p) Annual Reports.--Each Enterprise Fund shall publish an 
annual report, which shall include a comprehensive and detailed 
description of the Enterprise Fund's operations, activities, 
financial condition, and accomplishments under this section for 
the preceding fiscal year. This report shall be published not 
later than January 31 each year, beginning in 1991.

SEC. 202.\16\ LABOR MARKET TRANSITION IN POLAND AND HUNGARY.

  (a) Technical Assistance.--The Secretary of Labor 
(hereinafter in this section referred to as the ``Secretary''), 
in consultation with representatives of labor and business in 
the United States, shall--
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \16\ 22 U.S.C. 5422.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
          (1) provide technical assistance to Poland and 
        Hungary for the implementation of labor market reforms; 
        and
          (2) provide technical assistance to Poland and 
        Hungary to facilitate adjustment during the period of 
        economic transition and reform.
  (b) Types of Technical Assistance Authorized.--In carrying 
out subsection (a), the Secretary is authorized to provide 
technical assistance regarding policies and programs for 
training and retraining, job search and employment services, 
unemployment insurance, occupational safety and health 
protection, labor-management relations, labor statistics, 
analysis of productivity constraints, entrepreneurial support 
for small businesses, market-driven systems of wage and income 
determinations, job creation, employment security, the 
observance of internationally recognized worker rights 
(including freedom of association and the right to organize and 
bargain collectively), and other matters that the Secretary may 
deem appropriate regarding free labor markets and labor 
organizations.
  (c) Administrative Authorities.--In carrying out subsection 
(a), the Secretary is authorized to do the following:
          (1) Solicit and accept in the name of the Department 
        of Labor, and employ or dispose of in furtherance of 
        the purposes of this section, any money or property, 
        real, personal, or mixed, tangible or intangible, 
        received by gift, devise, bequest, or otherwise. Gifts 
        and donations of property which are no longer required 
        for the discharge of the purposes of this section shall 
        be reported to the Administrator of General Services 
        for transfer, donation, or other disposal in accordance 
        with the Federal Property and Administrative Services 
        Act of 1949 (40 U.S.C. 471 and following).
          (2) Solicit and accept voluntary and uncompensated 
        services notwithstanding section 1342 of title 31, 
        United States Code. A volunteer under this paragraph 
        shall not be deemed to be an employee of the United 
        States except for the purposes of--
                  (A) the tort claims provisions of title 28, 
                United States Code, and
                  (B) subchapter I of chapter 81 of title 5, 
                United States Code, relating to compensation 
                for work injuries.
          (3) Enter into arrangements or agreements with 
        appropriate departments, agencies, and establishments 
        of Poland and Hungary.
          (4) Enter into arrangements or agreements with 
        appropriate private and public sector United States 
        parties, and international organizations.
  (d) Consultation With Appropriate Officers.--In carrying out 
the responsibilities established by this section, the Secretary 
shall seek information and advice from, and consult with, 
appropriate officers of the United States.
  (e) Consultation With Labor and Business Representatives.--
For purposes of this section, consultation between the 
Secretary and United States labor and business representatives 
shall not be subject to the Federal Advisory Committee Act (5 
U.S.C. App.).
  (f) Delegation of Responsibilities.--The Secretary shall 
delegate the authority to carry out the programs authorized by 
this section to the head of the Bureau of International Labor 
Affairs of the Department of Labor.
  (g) Authorization of Appropriations.--There are authorized to 
be appropriated to the Department of Labor for the 3-year 
period beginning October 1, 1989, to carry out this section--
          (1) $4,000,000 for technical assistance to Poland; 
        and
          (2) $1,000,000 for technical assistance to Hungary.

SEC. 203.\17\ TECHNICAL TRAINING FOR PRIVATE SECTOR DEVELOPMENT IN 
                    POLAND AND HUNGARY.

  (a) Technical Training Program.--The Agency for International 
Development shall develop and implement a program for extending 
basic agribusiness, commercial, entrepreneurial, financial, 
scientific, and technical skills to the people of Poland and 
Hungary to enable them to better meet their needs and develop a 
market economy. This program shall include management training 
and agricultural extension activities.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \17\ 22 U.S.C. 5423.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
  (b) Participation by Enterprise Funds and Other Agencies and 
Organizations.--In carrying out subsection (a), the Agency for 
International Development may utilize the Polish-American 
Enterprise Fund and the Hungarian-American Enterprise Fund and 
other appropriate Government and private agencies, programs, 
and organizations such as--
          (1) the Department of Agriculture;
          (2) the Farmer-to-Farmer Program under section 406(a) 
        (1) and (2) of the Agricultural Trade Development and 
        Assistance Act of 1954 (7 U.S.C. 1736(a) (1) and (2));
          (3) the International Executive Service Corps;
          (4) the Foundation for the Development of Polish 
        Agriculture;
          (5) the World Council of Credit Unions; and
          (6) other United States, Polish, and Hungarian 
        private and voluntary organizations and private sector 
        entities.
  (c) Nonapplicability of Other Provisions of Law.--Assistance 
provided pursuant to subsection (a) under the authorities of 
part I of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 may be provided 
notwithstanding any other provision of law.
  (d) Authorization of Appropriations.--For purposes of 
implementing this section, there are authorized to be 
appropriated $10,000,000 for the 3-year period beginning 
October 1, 1989, to carry out chapter 1 of part I of the 
Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2151 and following; 
relating to development assistance), in addition to amounts 
otherwise available for such purposes.
  (e) Limitation With Respect to Farmer-to-Farmer Program.--Any 
activities carried out pursuant to this Act through the Farmer-
to-Farmer Program under section 406(a) (1) and (2) of the 
Agricultural Trade Development and Assistance Act of 1954 shall 
be funded with funds authorized to be appropriated by this Act 
and local currencies made available under section 205, and 
shall not be funded with funds made available pursuant to 
section 1107 of the Food Security Act of 1985 (7 U.S.C. 1736 
note) or a similar, subsequent provision of law.

SEC. 204.\18\ PEACE CORPS PROGRAMS IN POLAND AND HUNGARY.

  There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out programs 
in Poland and Hungary under the Peace Corps Act, $6,000,000 for 
the 3-year period beginning October 1, 1989, in addition to 
amounts otherwise available for such purposes. Such programs 
shall include the use of Peace Corps volunteers--
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \18\ 22 U.S.C. 5424.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
          (1) to provide English language training, and
          (2) to extend the technical skills described in 
        section 203(a) to the people of Poland and Hungary, 
        using the Associate Volunteer Program to the extent 
        practicable.

SEC. 205.\19\ USE OF POLISH CURRENCY GENERATED BY AGRICULTURAL 
                    ASSISTANCE.

  (a) Additional Assistance For Poland.--A portion of the 
agricultural commodities described in subsection (c) may be 
made available and sold or bartered in Poland to generate local 
currencies to be used--
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \19\ 22 U.S.C. 5425.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
          (1) to complement the assistance for Poland 
        authorized by sections 103(b), 201, and 203 of this 
        Act, and
          (2) to support the activities of the joint commission 
        established pursuant to section 2226 of the American 
        Aid to Poland Act of 1988 (7 U.S.C. 1431 note),
notwithstanding section 416(b)(7) of the Agricultural Act of 
1949 (7 U.S.C. 1431(b)(7)) or any other provision of law.
  (b) Emphasis on Agricultural Development.--The uses of local 
currencies generated under this section should emphasize the 
development of agricultural infrastructure, agriculture-related 
training, and other aspects of agricultural development in 
Poland.
  (c) Commodities Subject to Requirements.--Subsection (a) 
applies with respect to agricultural commodities made available 
for Poland for fiscal years 1990, 1991, and 1992 under section 
416(b) of the Agricultural Act of 1949 (7 U.S.C. 1431(b)), the 
Agricultural Trade Development and Assistance Act of 1954 (7 
U.S.C. 1691 and following), and the Food for Progress Act of 
1985 (7 U.S.C. 1736o).
  (d) Other Uses Not Precluded.--The uses of agricultural 
commodities and local currencies specified in subsection (a) 
are in addition to other uses authorized by law.

SEC. 206.\20\ UNITED STATES POLICY OF PRIVATE FINANCIAL SUPPORT FOR 
                    POLISH AND HUNGARIAN CREDIT UNIONS.

  (a) In General.--In order to facilitate the development of 
indigenous credit unions in Poland and Hungary, it is the 
policy of the United States that--
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \20\ 22 U.S.C. 5426.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
          (1) United States citizens, financial institutions 
        (other than federally insured depository institutions), 
        and other persons may make contributions and loans to, 
        make capital deposits in, and provide other forms of 
        financial and technical assistance to credit unions in 
        Poland and Hungary; and
          (2) federally insured depository institutions may 
        provide technical assistance to credit unions in Poland 
        and Hungary, to the extent that the provision of such 
        assistance is prudent and not inconsistent with safe 
        and sound banking practice.
  (b) Amendment to Federal Credit Union Act.--Section 107 of 
the Federal Credit Union Act (12 U.S.C. 1757) is amended by 
redesignating paragraph (16) as paragraph (17) and by inserting 
after paragraph (15) the following new paragraph:
          ``(16) subject to such regulations as the Board may 
        prescribe, to provide technical assistance to credit 
        unions in Poland and Hungary; and''.
  (c) Definitions.--For purposes of subsection (a)--
          (1) the term ``credit union'' means a member-owned, 
        nonprofit, cooperative depository institution--
                  (A) which is formed to permit individuals in 
                the field of membership specified in such 
                institution's charter to pool their savings, 
                lend the savings to one another, and own the 
                organization where they save, borrow, and 
                obtain related financial services; and
                  (B) whose members are united by a common bond 
                and democratically operate the institution; and
          (2) the term ``federally insured depository 
        institution'' means--
                  (A) any insured depository institution (as 
                defined in section 3(c)(2) of the Federal 
                Deposit Insurance Act); and
                  (B) any insured credit union (as defined in 
                section 101(7) of the Federal Credit Union 
                Act).

                    TITLE III--TRADE AND INVESTMENT

SEC. 301. ELIGIBILITY OF POLAND FOR GENERALIZED SYSTEM OF PREFERENCES.

  Subsection (b) of section 502 of the Trade Act of 1974 (19 
U.S.C. 2462(b)) \21\ is amended by striking out ``Poland'' in 
the table within such subsection.
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    \21\ Sec. 502(b) of the Trade Act of 1974 (Public Law 93-618) lists 
those countries excluded from designation of ``Beneficiary Developing 
Country'' under the Generalized System of Preferences. Hungary was 
removed from this list by Public Law 98-573, effective January 4, 1985.
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SEC. 302. OVERSEAS PRIVATE INVESTMENT CORPORATION PROGRAMS FOR POLAND 
                    AND HUNGARY.

  (a) Eligibility of Poland and Hungary for OPIC Programs.--
Section 239(f) of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 
2199(f)) is amended by inserting ``, Poland, Hungary,'' after 
``Yugoslavia''.\22\
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    \22\ Sec. 239 of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 states the 
general provisions and powers of the Overseas Private Investment 
Corporation. Subsec. (f) requires the President to determine that OPIC 
programs in certain countries are in the national interest.
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  (b) \23\ Enhancement of Nongovernmental Sector.--In 
accordance with its mandate to foster private initiative and 
competition and enhance the ability of private enterprise to 
make its full contribution to the development process, the 
Overseas Private Investment Corporation shall support projects 
in Poland and Hungary which will result in enhancement of the 
nongovernmental sector and reduction of state involvement in 
the economy.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \23\ 22 U.S.C. 2199 note.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
  (c) \23\ Avoidance of Duplicative Amendments.--If the Foreign 
Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs 
Appropriations Act, 1990, contains the same amendment that is 
made by subsection (a) of this section, the amendment made by 
that Act shall not be effective.\24\
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    \24\ Sec. 597 of the Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and 
Related Programs Appropriations Act, 1990 (Public Law 101-167; 103 
Stat. 1257), stated the same amendment.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

SEC. 303.\25\ EXPORT-IMPORT BANK PROGRAMS FOR POLAND AND HUNGARY.

  (a) Authority to Extend Credit to Poland and Hungary.--
Notwithstanding section 2(b)(2) of the Export-Import Bank Act 
of 1945 (12 U.S.C. 635(b)(2)), the Export-Import Bank of the 
United States may guarantee, insure, finance, extend credit, 
and participate in the extension of credit in connection with 
the purchase or lease of any product by the Republic of Hungary 
or any agency or national thereof or by the Polish People's 
Republic or any agency or national thereof.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \25\ 12 U.S.C. 635 note.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
  (b) Private Financial Intermediaries to Facilitate Exports to 
Poland.--Consistent with the provisions of the Export-Import 
Bank Act of 1945 (12 U.S.C. 635 and following), the Export-
Import Bank of the United States shall work with private 
financial intermediaries in Poland to facilitate the export of 
goods and services to Poland.

SEC. 304.\26\ TRADE CREDIT INSURANCE PROGRAM FOR POLAND. * * *
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \26\ Sec. 304(a) amended the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 by 
inserting a new section 225.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
  (b) Conforming Amendment.--Section 224 of that Act is amended 
by inserting ``For Central America'' after ``Program'' in the 
section caption.
  (c) Conforming Reference.--With respect to Poland, any 
reference in the Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and 
Related Programs Appropriations Act, 1990, to section 224 of 
the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 shall be deemed to be a 
reference to section 225 of that Act (as enacted by this 
section).

SEC. 305.\27\ TRADE AND DEVELOPMENT AGENCY \28\ ACTIVITIES FOR POLAND 
                    AND HUNGARY.

    In order to permit expansion of the Trade and Development 
Agency \28\ into Poland and Hungary, there are authorized to be 
appropriated $6,000,000 for the 3-year period beginning October 
1, 1989, to carry out section 661 of the Foreign Assistance Act 
of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2241), in addition to amounts otherwise 
available for such purpose.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \27\ 22 U.S.C. 2421 note.
    \28\ Sec. 202(e) of Public Law 102-549 (106 Stat. 3658) provided 
that any reference in any law to the Trade and Development Program 
shall be deemed to be a reference to the Trade and Development Agency.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

SEC. 306. BILATERAL INVESTMENT TREATIES WITH POLAND AND HUNGARY.

  The Congress urges the President to seek bilateral investment 
treaties with Poland and Hungary in order to establish a more 
stable legal framework for United States investment in those 
countries.

SEC. 307. CERTAIN POLISH BONDS NOT SUBJECT TO INTERNAL REVENUE CODE 
                    RULES RELATING TO BELOW-MARKET LOANS.

  (a) In General.--Paragraph (5) of section 1812(b) of the Tax 
Reform Act of 1986 is amended--
          (1) by inserting ``or Poland'' after ``Israel'' in 
        the text thereof, and
          (2) by inserting ``or polish'' after ``israel'' in 
        the heading thereof.\29\
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    \29\ Sec. 1812(b)(5) of the Tax Reform Act of 1986 (Public Law 99-
514) may be found at 100 Stat. 2834; 26 U.S.C. 7872 note.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
  (b) \30\ Effective Date.--The amendments made by this section 
shall apply to obligations issued after the date of the 
enactment of this Act.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \30\ 26 U.S.C. 7872 note.
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       TITLE IV--EDUCATIONAL, CULTURAL, AND SCIENTIFIC ACTIVITIES

SEC. 401.\31\ EDUCATIONAL AND CULTURAL EXCHANGES AND SISTER 
                    INSTITUTIONS PROGRAMS WITH POLAND AND HUNGARY.

  (a) Educational and Cultural Exchanges.--
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \31\ 22 U.S.C. 5441.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
          (1) Support for expanded u.s. participation.--The 
        United States should expand its participation in 
        educational and cultural exchange activities with 
        Poland and Hungary, using the full array of existing 
        government-funded and privately-funded programs, with 
        particular emphasis on the J. William Fulbright 
        Educational Exchange Program, the International 
        Visitors Program, the Samantha Smith Memorial Exchange 
        Program, the exchange programs of the National Academy 
        of Sciences, youth and student exchanges through such 
        private organizations as The Experiment in 
        International Living, The American Field Service 
        Committee, and Youth for Understanding, and research 
        exchanges sponsored by the International Research and 
        Exchanges Board (IREX).
          (2) Emphasis on skills in business and economics.--
        The United States should place particular emphasis on 
        expanding its participation in educational exchange 
        activities that will assist in developing the skills in 
        business and economics that are necessary for the 
        development of a free market economy in Poland and 
        Hungary.
  (b) Binational Fulbright Commissions.--The United States 
should take all appropriate action to establish binational 
Fulbright commissions with Poland and Hungary in order to 
facilitate and enhance academic and scholarly exchanges with 
those countries.
  (c) Reciprocal Cultural Centers.--The President should 
consider the establishment of reciprocal cultural centers in 
Poland and the United States and in Hungary and the United 
States to facilitate government-funded and privately-funded 
cultural exchanges.
  (d) Sister Institutions Programs.--The President shall act to 
encourage the establishment of ``sister institution'' programs 
between American and Polish organizations and between American 
and Hungarian organizations, including such organizations as 
institutions of higher education, cities and towns, and 
organizations in such fields as medicine and health care, 
business management, environmental protection, and agricultural 
research and marketing.
  (e) Authorization of Appropriations.--To enable the United 
States Information Agency to support the activities described 
in this section, there are authorized to be appropriated 
$12,000,000 for the 3-year period beginning October 1, 1989, in 
addition to amounts otherwise available for such purposes.

SEC. 402.\32\ POLAND-HUNGARY SCHOLARSHIP PARTNERSHIP.

  (a) Establishment of Scholarship Program.--The Administrator 
of the Agency for International Development is authorized to 
establish and administer a program of scholarship assistance, 
in cooperation with State governments, universities, community 
colleges, and businesses, to provide scholarships to enable 
students from Poland and Hungary to study in the United States.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \32\ 22 U.S.C. 5442.
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  (b) Emphasis on Business and Economics.--The scholarship 
program provided for in this section shall emphasize 
scholarships to enable students from Poland and Hungary to 
study business and economics in the United States. Such 
scholarships may be provided for study in programs that range 
from the standard management courses to more specialized 
assistance in commercial banking and the creation of a stock 
market.
  (c) Grants to States.--In carrying out this section, the 
Administrator may make grants to States to provide scholarship 
assistance for undergraduate or graduate degree programs, and 
training programs of one year or longer, in study areas related 
to the critical development needs of Poland and Hungary.
  (d) Consultation With States.--The Administrator shall 
consult with the participating States with regard to the 
educational opportunities available within each State and on 
the assignment of scholarship recipients.
  (e) Federal Share.--The Federal share for each year for which 
a State receives payments under this section shall not be more 
than 50 percent.
  (f) Non-Federal Share.--The non-Federal share of payments 
under this section may be in cash, including the waiver of 
tuition or the offering of in-State tuition or housing waivers 
or subsidies, or in-kind fairly evaluated, including the 
provision of books or supplies.
  (g) Forgiveness of Scholarship Assistance.--The obligation of 
any recipient to reimburse any entity for any or all 
scholarship assistance provided under this section shall be 
forgiven upon the recipient's prompt return to Poland or 
Hungary, as the case may be, for a period which is at least one 
year longer than the period spent studying in the United States 
with scholarship assistance.
  (h) Private Sector Participation.--To the maximum extent 
practicable, each participating State shall enlist the 
assistance of the private sector to enable the State to meet 
the non-Federal share of payments under this section. Wherever 
appropriate, each participating State shall encourage the 
private sector to offer internships or other opportunities 
consistent with the purposes of this section to students 
receiving scholarships under this section.
  (i) Funding.--Grants to States pursuant to this section shall 
be made with funds made available to carry out chapter 1 of 
part I of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2151 
and following; relating to development assistance) or chapter 4 
of part II of that Act (22 U.S.C. 2346 and following; relating 
to the economic support fund). In addition to amounts otherwise 
available for such purpose under those chapters, there are 
authorized to be appropriated $10,000,000 for the 3-year period 
beginning October 1, 1989, for use in carrying out this 
section.
  (j) Restrictions not Applicable.--Prohibitions on the use of 
foreign assistance funds for assistance for Poland and Hungary 
shall not apply with respect to the funds made available to 
carry out this section.
  (k) Definition of State.--As used in this section, the term 
``State'' means each of the several States, the District of 
Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, Guam, American 
Samoa, the Virgin Islands, the Trust Territory of the Pacific 
Islands, and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands.

SEC. 403.\33\ SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY EXCHANGE WITH POLAND AND HUNGARY.

  (a) Agreement With Poland.--There are authorized to be 
appropriated to the Secretary of State for purposes of 
continuing to implement the 1987 United States-Polish science 
and technology agreement--
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \33\ 22 U.S.C. 5443.
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          (1) $1,500,000 for fiscal year 1990,
          (2) $2,000,000 for fiscal year 1991, and
          (3) $2,000,000 for fiscal year 1992.
  (b) Agreement With Hungary.--There are authorized to be 
appropriated to the Secretary of State for purposes of 
implementing the 1989 United States-Hungarian science and 
technology agreement--
          (1) $500,000 for fiscal year 1990,
          (2) $1,000,000 for fiscal year 1991, and
          (3) $1,000,000 for fiscal year 1992.
  (c) Definition of Agreements Being Funded.--For purposes of 
this section--
          (1) the term ``1987 United States-Polish science and 
        technology agreement'' refers to the agreement 
        concluded in 1987 by the United States and Poland, 
        entitled ``Agreement Between the Government of the 
        United States of America and the Polish People's 
        Republic on Cooperation in Science and Technology and 
        Its Funding'', together with annexes relating thereto; 
        and
          (2) the term ``1989 United States-Hungarian science 
        and technology agreement'' refers to the agreement 
        concluded in 1989 by the United States and Hungary, 
        entitled ``Agreement Between the Government of the 
        United States of America and the Government of the 
        Hungarian People's Republic for Scientific and 
        Technology Cooperation'', together with annexes 
        relating thereto.

                   TITLE V--OTHER ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS

SEC. 501.\34\ ASSISTANCE IN SUPPORT OF DEMOCRATIC INSTITUTIONS IN 
                    POLAND AND HUNGARY.

  (a) Authorization of Assistance.--In addition to amounts 
otherwise available for such purposes, there are authorized to 
be appropriated to carry out chapter 4 of part II of the 
Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2346 and following; 
relating to the economic support fund) $12,000,000 for the 3-
year period beginning October 1, 1989, which shall be available 
only for the support of democratic institutions and activities 
in Poland and Hungary.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \34\ 22 U.S.C. 5451.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
  (b) Nonapplicability of Other Laws.--Assistance may be 
provided under this section notwithstanding any other provision 
of law.

SEC. 502.\35\ ENVIRONMENTAL INITIATIVES FOR POLAND AND HUNGARY.

  (a) Priority for the Control of Pollution.--The Congress 
recognizes the severe pollution problems affecting Poland and 
Hungary and the serious health problems which ensue from such 
pollution. The Congress therefore directs that a high priority 
be given in the implementation of assistance to Poland and 
Hungary to the control of pollution and the restoration of the 
natural resource base on which a sustainable, healthy economy 
depends.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \35\ 22 U.S.C. 5452.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
  (b) EPA Activities Generally.--In addition to specific 
authorities contained in any of the environmental statutes 
administered by the Environmental Protection Agency, the 
Administrator of that Agency (hereinafter in this section 
referred to as the ``Administrator'') is authorized to 
undertake such educational, policy training, research, and 
technical and financial assistance, monitoring, coordinating, 
and other activities as the Administrator may deem appropriate, 
either alone or in cooperation with other United States or 
foreign agencies, governments, or public or private 
institutions, in protecting the environment in Poland and 
Hungary.
  (c) EPA Activities in Poland.--The Administrator shall 
cooperate with Polish officials and experts to--
          (1) establish an air quality monitoring network in 
        the Krakow metropolitan area as a part of Poland's 
        national air monitoring network; and
          (2) improve both water quality and the availability 
        of drinking water in the Krakow metropolitan area.
  (d) EPA Activities in Hungary.--The Administrator shall work 
with other United States and Hungarian officials and private 
parties to establish and support a regional center in Budapest 
for facilitating cooperative environmental activities between 
governmental experts and public and private organizations from 
the United States and Eastern and Western Europe.
  (e) Funding of EPA Activities.--To enable the Environmental 
Protection Agency to carry out subsections (b), (c), and (d), 
there are authorized to be appropriated $10,000,000 for the 3-
year period beginning October 1, 1989, to carry out chapter 1 
of part I of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2151 
and following; relating to development assistance) or chapter 4 
of Part II of that Act (22 U.S.C. 2346 and following; relating 
to the economic support fund). These funds may be used to carry 
out those subsections notwithstanding any provision of law 
relating to the use of foreign assistance funds.
  (f) Department of Energy Activities Relating to Fossil 
Fuels.--
          (1) Clean coal.--The Secretary of Energy shall 
        cooperate with Polish officials and experts to retrofit 
        a coal-fired commercial powerplant in the Krakow, 
        Poland, region with advanced clean coal technology that 
        has been successfully demonstrated at a comparably 
        scaled powerplant in the United States. Such retrofit 
        shall be carried out by one or more United States 
        companies using United States technology and equipment 
        manufactured in the United States. The Secretary may 
        vest title in any property acquired under this 
        paragraph in an entity other than the United States.
          (2) Equipment assessment.--The Secretary of Energy 
        shall cooperate with Polish officials and experts and 
        companies within the United States to assess and 
        develop the capability within Poland to manufacture or 
        modify boilers, furnaces, smelters, or other equipment 
        that will enable industrial facilities within Poland to 
        use fossil fuels cleanly. The Secretary may vest title 
        in any property acquired under this paragraph in an 
        entity other than the United States.
          (3) Authorization of appropriations.--To carry out 
        paragraphs (1) and (2) of this subsection, there are 
        authorized to be appropriated $30,000,000 for the 3-
        year period beginning October 1, 1989. Not more than 
        $10,000,000 of the funds appropriated under this 
        paragraph may be used to carry out the requirements of 
        paragraph (1).
  (g) Priority for Efficient Energy Use.--In view of the high 
energy usage per unit of output in Hungary and Poland, the 
Secretary of Energy shall give high priority to assisting 
officials of Poland and Hungary in improving the efficiency of 
their energy use, through emphasis on such measures as 
efficient motors, lights, gears, and appliances and 
improvements in building insulation and design.
  (h) Alternative Investments in Energy in Hungary.--It is the 
sense of the Congress that the Executive branch should work 
with the Government of Hungary to achieve environmentally safe 
alternative investments in energy efficiency, particularly with 
regard to projects along the Danube River.

SEC. 503.\36\ MEDICAL SUPPLIES, HOSPITAL EQUIPMENT, AND MEDICAL 
                    TRAINING FOR POLAND.

  (a) Authorization of Assistance.--In addition to amounts 
otherwise available for such purposes, there are authorized to 
be appropriated to carry out chapter 4 of part II of the 
Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2346 and following; 
relating to the economic support fund) $4,000,000 for the 3-
year period beginning October 1, 1989, which shall be available 
only--
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \36\ 22 U.S.C. 5453.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
          (1) for providing medical supplies and hospital 
        equipment to Poland through private and voluntary 
        organizations, including for the expenses of 
        purchasing, transporting, and distributing such 
        supplies and equipment, and
          (2) for training of Polish medical personnel.
  (b) Nonapplicability of Other Laws.--Assistance may be 
provided under this section notwithstanding any other provision 
of law, other than--
          (1) section 104(f) of the Foreign Assistance Act of 
        1961 (22 U.S.C. 2151b(f); relating to the prohibition 
        on the use of funds for abortions and involuntary 
        sterilizations), and
          (2) any provision of the annual Foreign Operations, 
        Export Financing, and Related Programs Appropriations 
        Act that relates to abortion.

               TITLE VI--ADDITIONAL SEED PROGRAM ACTIONS

SEC. 601.\37\ POLICY COORDINATION OF SEED PROGRAM.

  The President shall designate, within the Department of 
State, a SEED Program coordinator who shall be directly 
responsible for overseeing and coordinating all programs 
described in this Act and all other activities that the United 
States Government conducts in furtherance of the purposes of 
this Act.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \37\ 22 U.S.C. 5461.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

SEC. 602.\38\ SEED INFORMATION CENTER SYSTEM.

  (a) Establishment.--The President shall establish a SEED 
Information Center System, using existing Executive branch 
agencies and acting in cooperation with the Government of 
Poland and the Government of Hungary.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \38\ 22 U.S.C. 5462. Sec. 3 of Executive Order 12703, February 20, 
1990 (55 F.R. 6351), delegated the functions conferred upon the 
President in this section relating to the establishment of a SEED 
information Center System in cooperation with the Governments of Poland 
and Hungary to the Secretary of Commerce, in consultation with the SEED 
Program Coordinator and other agencies.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
  (b) Functions.--
          (1) In general.--The SEED Information Center System 
        shall serve as a central clearinghouse mechanism for 
        information relating to--
                  (A) business needs and opportunities in 
                Eastern Europe, and
                  (B) voluntary assistance to countries in 
                Eastern Europe.
          (2) Private enterprise development.--The SEED 
        Information Center System shall be organized, among 
        other purposes, to encourage--
                  (A) the submission of economically sound 
                proposals to the Polish-American Enterprise 
                Fund and Hungarian-American Enterprise Fund, 
                and
                  (B) other sources of finance for the 
                development of private enterprise in Eastern 
                Europe.
  (c) Location.--The SEED Information Center System shall be 
based jointly in Washington, District of Columbia; Warsaw, 
Poland; and Budapest, Hungary; and should it become 
appropriate, the capitals of other East European countries.

SEC. 603.\39\ ENCOURAGING VOLUNTARY ASSISTANCE FOR POLAND AND HUNGARY.

  (a) Encouraging Private Contributions.--It is the sense of 
the Congress that the President should take all possible steps 
to encourage across the Nation a massive outpouring of private 
contributions of money and nonperishable foods, to be collected 
by civic, religious, school, and youth organizations, for 
assistance to Poland and to refugees from Romania who are in 
Hungary.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \39\ 22 U.S.C. 5463.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
  (b) Transportation to Poland of Private Contributions.--In 
further of subsection (a), the President--
          (1) using all available authorities, including 
        section 402 of title 10, United States Code (relating 
        to transportation of humanitarian relief supplies), 
        should use resources of the Department of Defense 
        (including the National Guard) to transport 
        nonfinancial private contributions to Poland,
          (2) should request additional authorities as needed 
        for the use of those resources for that purpose; and
          (3) should encourage maximum participation by such 
        recognized private and voluntary organizations as the 
        Polish-American Congress in the transportation of 
        nonfinancial private contributions to Poland.

SEC. 604.\40\ ECONOMIC AND COMMERCIAL OFFICERS AT UNITED STATES 
                    EMBASSIES AND MISSIONS IN POLAND AND HUNGARY.

  It is the sense of the Congress that, to the extent 
practicable--
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \40\ 22 U.S.C. 5464.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
          (1) the United States Embassy in Budapest, Hungary, 
        should be assigned one additional economic and 
        commercial officer;
          (2) the United States Embassy in Warsaw, Poland, 
        should be assigned one additional economic officer and 
        one additional commercial officer;
          (3) the United States Trade Center in Warsaw, Poland, 
        should be assigned one additional economic and 
        commercial officer; and
          (4) the United States mission in Krakow, Poland, 
        should be assigned one additional economic and 
        commercial officer.

                  TITLE VII--REPORTS TO CONGRESS \41\

SEC. 701.\42\ REPORT ON INITIAL STEPS TAKEN BY UNITED STATES AND ON 
                    POLAND'S REQUIREMENT FOR AGRICULTURAL ASSISTANCE.

  (a) Initial Report.--Not later than 60 days after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the President shall submit a report to 
the Congress--
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \41\ Sec. 1 of Executive Order 12703, February 20, 1990 (55 F.R. 
6351), delegated the functions conferred upon the President in this 
title relating to reports to the Congress to the Coordinator of the 
SEED Program.
    \42\ 22 U.S.C. 5471.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
          (1) describing the steps taken by the United States 
        Government pursuant to title I, in particular sections 
        102 (a) and (b);
          (2) assessing Poland's requirements for additional 
        agricultural assistance during fiscal year 1990 and its 
        requirements for agricultural assistance during fiscal 
        years 1991 and 1992; and
          (3) specifying how much agricultural assistance the 
        President proposes be provided by the United States to 
        meet those requirements.
  (b) Updating Assessments.--As additional information becomes 
available, the President shall provide to the Congress revised 
assessments of Poland's requirements for agricultural 
assistance during fiscal years 1991 and 1992, specifying how 
much agricultural assistance the President proposes be provided 
by the United States to meet those requirements.

SEC. 702.\43\ REPORT ON CONFIDENCE BUILDING MEASURES BY POLAND AND 
                    HUNGARY.

  Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this 
Act, the President shall submit a report to the Congress 
identifying--
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \43\ 22 U.S.C. 5472.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
          (1) the confidence building measures Poland and 
        Hungary could undertake to facilitate the negotiation 
        of agreements, including bilateral customs and 
        technology transfer agreements, that would encourage 
        greater direct private sector investment in that 
        country; and
          (2) the confidence building measures Poland and 
        Hungary could undertake with respect to the treatment 
        accorded those countries under the Export 
        Administration Act of 1979.

SEC. 703.\44\ REPORT ON ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS IN POLAND AND HUNGARY.

  The first report submitted pursuant to section 704 shall 
include the following:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \44\ 22 U.S.C. 5473.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
          (1) Assessment of problems.--An overall assessment of 
        the environmental problems facing Poland and Hungary, 
        including--
                  (A) a relative ranking of the severity of the 
                problems and their effects on both human health 
                and the general environment;
                  (B) a listing of the geographical areas of 
                each country that have suffered the heaviest 
                environmental damage, and a description of the 
                source and scope of the damage; and
                  (C) an assessment of the environmental 
                performance of leading industrial polluters in 
                those countries and the expected effect on 
                pollution levels of industrial modernization.
          (2) Priorities and costs for action.--An analysis of 
        the priorities that Poland and Hungary should each 
        assign in addressing its environmental problems, and an 
        estimate of the capital and human resources required to 
        undertake a comprehensive program of environmental 
        protection in that country.
          (3) Role of united states and multilateral 
        assistance.--A statement of strategy for United States 
        assistance for the next 5 years to address 
        environmental problems in Poland and Hungary, 
        including--
                  (A) recommendations for appropriate levels 
                and forms of bilateral financial and technical 
                assistance;
                  (B) recommendations concerning United States 
                participation in cooperative multilateral 
                undertakings;
                  (C) an assessment of the feasibility of debt-
                for-nature swaps as a technique of 
                environmental protection in each country; and
                  (D) recommendations for minimizing further 
                environmental damage to Krakow, and for the 
                protection and restoration of historic sites in 
                that city.

SEC. 704.\45\ ANNUAL SEED PROGRAM REPORT.

  (a) Findings.--The Congress finds that--
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \45\ 22 U.S.C. 5474.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
          (1) in order to provide the President with maximum 
        flexibility and opportunity for innovation in 
        implementation of the SEED Program, this Act sets forth 
        general goals and modalities for the support of 
        democracy and economic pluralism in Eastern Europe;
          (2) prompt United States action in devising specific 
        measures to achieve the goals outlined in this Act will 
        be crucial in generating the public awareness, and the 
        international commitment, necessary for United States 
        leadership of a successful multilateral program of 
        assistance in Eastern Europe; and
          (3) clear-cut delineation of such United States 
        actions at an early date is integral to United States 
        leadership of this effort.
  (b) Initial Seed Program Report.--Accordingly, the first 
report pursuant to subsection (c) shall be a comprehensive 
report that includes a full description of all SEED Actions 
taken pursuant to each provision of this Act since the 
enactment of this Act.
  (c) Annual Seed Program Report.--Not later than January 31 of 
each year (beginning in 1991), the President shall submit to 
the Congress a ``Report on the United States Program of Support 
for East European Democracy (the SEED Program)''. Each such 
report shall describe the assistance provided to each East 
European country under this Act during the preceding fiscal 
year. In addition, each such report shall contain an assessment 
of the progress made by each such recipient country in--
          (1) implementing economic policies designed to 
        promote sustained economic growth, develop economic 
        freedom, and increase opportunities for the people of 
        that country; and
          (2) adopting and implementing constitutional, legal, 
        and administrative measures that--
                  (A) affect the powers of the executive and 
                legislative authorities and the independence of 
                the judiciary,
                  (B) affect the formation and operation of 
                independent political parties, groups, 
                associations, or organizations, or
                  (C) affect fundamental human rights and civil 
                liberties.

SEC. 705.\46\ REPORTS ON CERTAIN ACTIVITIES.

  At the same time each report is submitted pursuant to section 
704(c), the President shall submit to the appropriate 
committees of the Congress a report on the extent of espionage 
activities against the United States and other member countries 
of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization by operatives of the 
government of any East European country that is receiving 
assistance under this Act. Such reports may be submitted in 
classified form.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \46\ 22 U.S.C. 5475.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

SEC. 706.\47\ NOTIFICATIONS TO CONGRESS REGARDING ASSISTANCE.

  Section 634A of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 
2394-1; relating to reprogramming notifications) applies with 
respect to obligations of funds made available under that Act 
to carry out this Act, notwithstanding any other provision of 
this Act.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \47\ 22 U.S.C. 5476.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

                  TITLE VIII--MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS

SEC. 801.\48\ SUSPENSION OF SEED ASSISTANCE.

  The President should suspend all assistance to an East 
European country pursuant to this Act if the President 
determines, and reports to the Congress, that--
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \48\ 22 U.S.C. 5491.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
          (1) that country is engaged in international 
        activities directly and fundamentally contrary to 
        United States national security interests;
          (2) the president or any other government official of 
        that country initiates martial law or a state of 
        emergency for reasons other than to respond to a 
        natural disaster or a foreign invasion; or
          (3) any member who was elected to that country's 
        parliament has been removed from that office or 
        arrested through extraconstitutional processes.

SEC. 802.\49\ DECLARATION OF THE REPUBLIC OF HUNGARY.

  (a) Findings.--The Congress finds that--
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \49\ 22 U.S.C. 5492.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
          (1) on October 23, 1989, in a public ceremony in 
        Budapest, the acting President of Hungary declared the 
        Hungarian state to be an independent, democratic 
        Republic of Hungary;
          (2) this public ceremony was held on the 33d 
        anniversary of Hungary's 1956 revolution that was 
        bloodily suppressed by Soviet troops;
          (3) this public ceremony was held in the same Kossuth 
        Square where the first mass rally of the 1956 
        revolution was held;
          (4) as a further symbol of Hungary's faithfulness to 
        the legacy of the revolution of 1956, the declaration 
        by the acting President was made from the same balcony 
        from which Imre Nagy, the martyred Prime Minister of 
        the revolutionary government of 1956, addressed the 
        citizens of Budapest 33 years before;
          (5) the heroic revolt and freedom fight of the 
        Hungarian people in 1956 was an inspirational event, 
        reminding a generation of Americans of the sacrifices 
        people are willing to undertake as the price of 
        liberty; and
          (6) the present efforts of the Hungarian people to 
        validate the legacy of the revolution of 1956 by 
        establishing a free, independent, and prosperous 
        Hungary have gained the sympathy and admiration of the 
        American people.
  (b) Congressional Declarations.--The Congress--
          (1) congratulates the people of Hungary on the 
        declaration of a Republic of Hungary committed to 
        democratic principles; and
          (2) expresses its desire to enhance the friendly 
        relations between the people of Hungary and the people 
        of the United States and between their respective 
        governments.

SEC. 803.\50\ ADMINISTRATIVE EXPENSES OF THE AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL 
                    DEVELOPMENT.

  For the purpose of paying administrative expenses incurred in 
connection with carrying out its functions under this Act, the 
Agency for International Development may use up to $500,000 
each fiscal year of the funds made available to the Agency 
under this Act.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \50\ 22 U.S.C. 5493.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

SEC. 804.\51\ RELATION OF PROVISIONS OF THIS ACT TO CERTAIN PROVISIONS 
                    OF APPROPRIATIONS ACTS.

  Any provision of the annual Foreign Operations, Export 
Financing, and Related Programs Appropriations Act that 
provides that assistance for Poland or Hungary under that Act 
may be provided ``notwithstanding any other provision of law'' 
shall not supersede any otherwise applicable provision of this 
Act. This section shall not, however, be construed to apply 
with respect to section 599C(b) of the Foreign Operations, 
Export Financing, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 1990 
\52\ (or a corresponding provision of a subsequent such 
appropriations Acts.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \51\ 22 U.S.C. 5494.
    \52\ Sec. 599C(b) of Public Law 101-167 provided that:
    ``Notwithstanding any other provision of this Act, any funds made 
available by this Act for a specific activity for Poland or Hungary 
instead may be obligated for Poland or Hungary for an activity with a 
similar purpose. The authority of section 515 of this Act may also be 
used to deobligate such funds and reobligate them for Poland or Hungary 
for an activity with a similar purpose: Provided, That the authority of 
this subsection shall be exercised subject to the regular notification 
procedures of the Committees on Appropriations.''.
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SEC. 805.\53\ CERTAIN USES OF EXCESS FOREIGN CURRENCIES.

  (a) Authority To Use.--During fiscal year 1990, the 
Administrator of the Agency for International Development may 
use, for the purposes described in subsection (b), such sums of 
foreign currencies described in subsection (c) as the 
Administrator may determine, subject to subsection (f).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \53\ 22 U.S.C. 5495.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
  (b) Purposes for Which Currency May Be Used.--Foreign 
currencies may be used under this section--
          (1) for the same purposes for which assistance may be 
        provided under part I of the Foreign Assistance Act of 
        1961 (22 U.S.C. 2151 and following; relating to 
        economic assistance), and
          (2) for the support of any institution providing 
        education for a significant number of United States 
        nationals (who may include members of the United States 
        Armed Forces or the Foreign Service or dependents of 
        such members).
  (c) Currencies Which May Be Used.--The foreign currencies 
which may be used under this section are United States-owned 
excess foreign currencies that are in excess of amounts 
necessary for satisfaction of preexisting commitments to use 
such currencies for other purposes specified by law.
  (d) Where Currencies May Be Used.--Foreign currencies may be 
used under this section in the country where such currencies 
are held or in other foreign countries.
  (e) Nonapplicability of Other Provisions of Law.--Foreign 
currencies may be used under this section notwithstanding 
section 1306 of title 31, United States Code, or any other 
provision of law.
  (f) Requirement for Appropriations Action.--The authority of 
this section may be exercised only to such extent or in such 
amount as may be provided in advance in an appropriation Act.
                 (8) American Aid to Poland Act of 1988

 Partial text of Public Law 100-418 [Omnibus Trade and Competitiveness 
 Act of 1988, H.R. 4848], 102 Stat. 1107 at 1336, approved August 23, 
  1988; as amended by Public Law 101-513 [Foreign Operations, Export 
 Financing, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 1991; H.R. 5114], 
 104 Stat. 1979, approved November 5, 1990; and by Public Law 103-306 
      [Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs 
 Appropriations Act, 1995; H.R. 4426], 108 Stat. 1654, approved August 
                                23, 1994

AN ACT To enhance the competitiveness of the American industry, and for 
                            other purposes.

    Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of 
the United States of America in Congress assembled,
          * * * * * * *

                     part ii--assistance to poland

SEC. 2221.\1\ SHORT TITLE.

    This part may be cited as the ``American Aid to Poland Act 
of 1988''.
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    \1\ 7 U.S.C. 1431 note.
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SEC. 2222. FUNDING FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AGREEMENT.

    (a) Funding.--For purposes of implementing the 1987 United 
States-Polish science and technology agreement, there are 
authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary of State for 
fiscal year 1988, $1,000,000.
    (b) Availability of Funds.--Amounts appropriated under 
subsection (a) are authorized to remain available until 
expended.
    (c) Definition.--For purposes of this section, the term 
``1987 United States-Polish science and technology agreement'' 
refers to the draft agreement concluded in 1987 by the United 
States and Poland, entitled ``Agreement Between the Government 
of the United States of America and the Polish People's 
Republic on Cooperation in Science and Technology and Its 
Funding'', together with annexes relating thereto.

SEC. 2223. DONATION OF SURPLUS AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES.

    (a) Authority to Donate.--Notwithstanding any other 
provision of law, if the Secretary of Agriculture determines 
for each fiscal year that (1) a donation under this section 
would not limit the Secretary's ability to meet urgent 
humanitarian needs for agricultural commodities, and (2) such 
donation would not cause a reduction in the price of the same 
or similar agricultural commodities produced in Poland \2\ the 
Secretary of Agriculture shall donate, under the applicable 
provisions of section 416(b) of the Agricultural Act of 1949, 
for each of the fiscal years 1995 through 1999,\3\ 8,000 metric 
tons of uncommitted stocks of eligible commodities of the 
Commodity Credit Corporation under an agreement with the 
Government of Poland that the Government of Poland will sell 
such commodities and that all the proceeds from such sales will 
be used by governmental and \4\ nongovernmental agencies for 
eligible activities in Poland described in section 
416(b)(7)(D)(ii) of that Act (as amended by section 2225 of 
this Act) that have been approved, upon application, by the 
joint commission described in section 2226 and by the United 
States chief of diplomatic mission in Poland.
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    \2\ Sec. 576(a)(1) of the Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and 
Related Programs Appropriations Act, 1995 (Public Law 103-306; 108 
Stat. 1654) inserted ``if the Secretary of Agriculture determines for 
each fiscal year that (1) a donation under this section would not limit 
the Secretary's ability to meet urgent humanitarian needs for 
agricultural commodities, and (2) such donation would not cause a 
reduction in the price of the same or similar agricultural commodities 
produced in Poland'' after ``Notwithstanding any other provision of 
law''.
    \3\ Sec. 576(a)(2) of the Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and 
Related Programs Appropriations Act, 1995 (Public Law 103-306; 108 
Stat. 1654), struck out ``1988 through 1992'' and inserted in lieu 
thereof ``1995 through 1999''.
    \4\ Sec. 562 of the Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and 
Related Programs Appropriations Act, 1991 (Public Law 101-513; 104 
Stat. 2032), inserted ``governmental and'' at this point, and made 
similar amendments at sec. 416(b)(7)(D)(ii) of the Agricultural Act of 
1949.
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    (b) Definitions.--For purposes of this section--
          (1) the term ``eligible commodities'' has the same 
        meaning as is given such term in section 416(b)(2) of 
        the Agricultural Act of 1949 and, in addition, includes 
        feed grains, soybeans, and soybean products; \5\ and
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    \5\ Sec. 576(b) of the Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and 
Related Programs Appropriations Act, 1995 (Public Law 103-306; 108 
Stat. 1654) inserted ``soybeans, and soybean products'' after ``feed 
grains''.
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          (2) the term ``nongovernmental agencies'' includes 
        nonprofit voluntary agencies, cooperatives, 
        intergovernmental agencies such as the World Food 
        Program, and other multilateral organizations.

SEC. 2224. USE OF POLISH CURRENCIES.

    (a) Use of Polish Currencies.--Subject to subsection (b), 
nonconvertible Polish currencies (zlotys) held by the United 
States on the date of enactment of this Act pursuant to an 
agreement with the Government of Poland under the Agricultural 
Trade Development and Assistance Act of 1954 which are not 
assets of the Commodity Credit Corporation shall be made 
available, to the extent and in such amounts as are provided in 
advance in appropriation Acts, for eligible activities in 
Poland described in section 416(b)(7)(D)(ii) of the 
Agricultural Act of 1949 (as amended by section 2225 of this 
Act) and approved, upon application, by the joint commission 
described in section 2226 and by the United States chief of 
diplomatic mission in Poland.
    (b) Availability of Currencies.--Currencies available under 
subsection (a) are currencies available after satisfaction of 
existing commitments to use such currencies for other purposes 
specified by law.
          * * * * * * *

SEC. 2226. JOINT COMMISSION.

    (a) Establishment.--The joint commission referred to in 
sections 2223 and 2224 and in section 416(b)(7)(D)(ii) of the 
Agricultural Act of 1949 (as amended by section 2225 of this 
Act) shall be established under an agreement between the United 
States Government, the Government of Poland, and 
nongovernmental agencies (as defined in section 2223) operating 
in Poland.
    (b) Membership.--The joint commission shall be composed 
of--
          (1) appropriate representatives of the Government of 
        Poland;
          (2) appropriate representatives of nongovernmental 
        agencies which are parties to the agreement described 
        in subsection (a); and
          (3) representatives from the United States diplomatic 
        mission in Poland, which may include a representative 
        of the Foreign Agricultural Service.

SEC. 2227. PROVISION OF MEDICAL SUPPLIES AND HOSPITAL EQUIPMENT TO 
                    POLAND.

    In addition to amounts authorized to be appropriated to 
carry out chapter 4 of part II of the Foreign Assistance Act of 
1961 (relating to the economic support fund) for fiscal years 
1988 and 1989, there are authorized to be appropriated to carry 
out that chapter for each such fiscal year $2,000,000, which 
shall be available only for providing medical supplies and 
hospital equipment to Poland through private and voluntary 
organizations, including for the expenses of purchasing, 
transporting, and distributing such supplies and equipment.
    (9) Clement J. Zablocki Memorial Outpatient Facility, American 
                  Children's Hospital, Krakow, Poland

  Public Law 98-266 [H.R. 4835], 98 Stat. 153, approved April 17, 1984

   AN ACT To authorize funding for the Clement J. Zablocki Memorial 
  Outpatient Facility at the American Children's Hospital in Krakow, 
                                Poland.

    Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of 
the United States of America in Congress assembled, That (a) 
such amounts as may be necessary of the Polish currencies held 
by the United States shall be available for construction of a 
new facility at the American Children's Hospital in Krakow, 
Poland, which would be known as the Clement J. Zablocki 
Outpatient Facility. Such currencies may be utilized without 
regard to the requirements of section 1306 of title 31, the 
United States Code, or any other provision to law.
    (b) There are authorized to be appropriated to the 
President $10,000,000 of which--
          (1) $3,000,000 shall be for equipping and furnishing 
        the Clement J. Zablocki Outpatient Facility at the 
        American Children's Hospital in Krakow, Poland;
          (2) $3,000,000 shall be for improving medical 
        equipment at the American Children's Hospital in 
        Krakow, Poland; and
          (3) $4,000,000 shall be for providing medical 
        supplies to Poland through private and voluntary 
        agencies, including the expenses of purchasing, 
        transporting, and distributing such supplies.
Amounts appropriated pursuant to this subsection are authorized 
to remain available until expended.\1\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \1\ Second Supplemental Appropriations Act, 1984, provided the 
following:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

      ``clement j. zablocki memorial outpatient facility in poland
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    ``For an additional amount for the `Economic Support Fund', to 
carry out Public Law 98-266, $10,000,000, to remain available until 
expended.''.
   (10) Research and Training for Eastern Europe and the Independent 
             States of the Former Soviet Union Act of 1983

 Partial text of Public Law 98-164 [H.R. 2915], 97 Stat. 1017 at 1047, 
  approved November 22, 1983; amended by Public Law 102-138 [Foreign 
 Relations Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 1992 and 1993; H.R. 1415], 
     105 Stat. 647, approved October 28, 1991; Public Law 103-199 
  [FRIENDSHIP Act; H.R. 3000], 107 Stat. 2317, approved December 17, 
 1993; and by Public Law 105-244 [Higher Education Amendments of 1998; 
           H.R. 6], 112 Stat. 1581, approved October 7, 1998

 AN ACT To authorize appropriations for fiscal years 1984 and 1985 for 
  the Department of State, the United States Information Agency, the 
 Board for International Broadcasting, the Inter-American Foundation, 
   and the Asia Foundation, to establish the National Endowment for 
                   Democracy, and for other purposes.

    Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of 
the United States of America in Congress assembled,
          * * * * * * *

     TITLE VIII--RESEARCH AND TRAINING FOR EASTERN EUROPE AND THE 
           INDEPENDENT STATES OF THE FORMER SOVIET UNION \1\

                              short title

    Sec. 801. This title may be cited as the ``Research and 
Training for Eastern Europe and the Independent States of the 
Former Soviet Union Act of 1983''.\1\
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    \1\ Sec. 302 of the FRIENDSHIP Act (Public Law 103-199; 107 Stat. 
2322 amended the title heading and the short title, both of which 
formerly referred to Soviet-Eastern European research and training.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

                       findings and declarations

    Sec. 802.\2\ The Congress finds and declares that--
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \2\ 22 U.S.C. 4501.
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          (1) factual knowledge, independently verified, about 
        the countries of Eastern Europe and the independent 
        states of the former Soviet Union \3\is of the utmost 
        importance for the national security of the United 
        States, for the furtherance of our national interests 
        in the conduct of foreign relations, and for the 
        prudent management of our domestic affairs;
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    \3\ Sec. 302(3) of the FRIENDSHIP Act (Public Law 103-199; 107 
Stat. 2322) struck out ``Soviet Union and Eastern European countries'' 
in para. (1), (2), and (3)(E) of sec. 802, and inserted in lieu thereof 
``countries of Eastern Europe and the independent states of the former 
Soviet Union''.
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          (2) the development and maintenance of knowledge 
        about the countries of Eastern Europe and the 
        independent states of the former Soviet Union \3\ 
        depends upon the national capability for advanced 
        research by highly trained and experienced specialists, 
        available for service in and out of Government;
          (3) certain essential functions are necessary to 
        ensure the existence of that knowledge and the 
        capability to sustain it, including--
                  (A) graduate training;
                  (B) advanced research;
                  (C) public dissemination of research data, 
                methods, and findings;
                  (D) contact and collaboration among 
                Government and private specialists; and
                  (E) firsthand experience of the countries of 
                Eastern Europe and the independent states of 
                the former Soviet Union \3\ by American 
                specialists, including on site conduct of 
                advanced training and research to the extent 
                practicable; and
          (4) it is in the national interest for the United 
        States Government to provide a stable source of 
        financial support for the functions described in this 
        section and to supplement the financial support for 
        those functions which is currently being furnished by 
        Federal, State, local regional, and private agencies, 
        organizations, and individuals, and thereby to 
        stabilize the conduct of these functions on a national 
        scale, consistently, and on a long range unclassified 
        basis.

                              definitions

    Sec. 803.\4\ As used in this title--
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \4\ 22 U.S.C. 4502.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
          (1) the term ``institution of higher education'' has 
        the same meaning given such term in section 101 \5\ of 
        the Higher Education Act of 1965; and
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \5\ Sec. 102(a)(7)(A) of the Higher Education Amendments of 1998 
(Public Law 105-244; 112 Stat. 1619) struck out ``1201(a) and inserted 
in lieu thereof ``101''.
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          (2) the term ``Advisory Committee'' means the 
        Advisory Committee for Studies of Eastern Europe and 
        the Independent States of the Former Soviet Union \6\ 
        established by section 804(a).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \6\ Sec. 302(4) of the FRIENDSHIP Act (Public Law 103-199; 107 
Stat. 2322) struck out ``Soviet-Eastern European Studies Advisory 
Committee'' and inserted in lieu thereof ``Advisory Committee for 
Studies of Eastern Europe and the Independent States of the Former 
Soviet Union''.
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              establishment of the \7\ advisory committee

    Sec. 804.\8\ (a) There is established within the Department 
of State the Advisory Committee for Studies of Eastern Europe 
and the Independent States of the Former Soviet Union \9\ which 
shall be composed of the Secretary of State, the Secretary of 
Defense, the Secretary of Education, the Librarian of Congress, 
the President of the American Association for the Advancement 
of Slavic Studies, and the President of the Association of 
American Universities. The Secretary of State shall be the 
Chairman.\10\
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    \7\ Sec. 302(5(A) of the FRIENDSHIP Act (Public Law 103-199; 107 
Stat. 2317) struck out ``soviet-eastern european studies'' from the 
section heading.
    \8\ 22 U.S.C. 4503.
    \9\ Sec. 302(5)(B) of the FRIENDSHIP Act (Public Law 103-199; 107 
Stat. 2322) struck out ``Soviet-Eastern European Studies Advisory 
Committee'' and inserted in lieu thereof ``Advisory Committee for 
Studies of Eastern Europe and the Independent States of the Former 
Soviet Union''.
    \10\ The functions of the Chairman conferred upon the Secretary of 
State by this section were delegated to the Director of the Bureau of 
Intelligence and Research, pursuant to State Department Delegation of 
Authority No. 155 (September 21, 1984, 49 F.R. 39002).
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    (b) The Advisory Committee shall meet at the call of the 
Chairman and shall hold at least one meeting each year. Three 
members of the Advisory Committee shall constitute a quorum.
    (c) The Secretary of State may detail personnel of the 
Department of State to provide technical and clerical 
assistance to the Advisory Committee in carrying out its 
functions under this title.
    (d) The Advisory Committee shall recommend grant policies 
for the advancement of the objectives of this title. In 
proposing recipients for grants under this title, the Advisory 
Committee shall give the highest priority to national 
organizations with an interest and expertise in conducting 
research and training concerning the countries of Eastern 
Europe and the independent states of the former Soviet Union 
\11\ and in disseminating the results of such research. In 
making its recommendations, the Advisory Committee shall 
emphasize the development of a stable, long-term research 
program.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \11\ Sec. 302(5)(C) of the FRIENDSHIP Act (Public Law 103-199; 107 
Stat. 2322) struck out ``Soviet and Eastern European countries'' and 
inserted in lieu thereof ``the countries of Eastern Europe and the 
independent states of the former Soviet Union''.
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                       authority to make payments

    Sec. 805.\12\ (a) The Secretary of State, after 
consultation with the Advisory Committee, shall make payments, 
in accordance with the provisions of this section, out of funds 
made available to carry out this title.\13\
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    \12\ 22 U.S.C. 4504.
    \13\ The functions of making payments conferred upon the Secretary 
of State by this subsec. were delegated to the Director of the Bureau 
of Intelligence and Research, pursuant to State Department Delegation 
of Authority No. 155 (September 21, 1984, 49 F.R. 39002).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    (b)(1) One part of the payments made in each fiscal year 
shall be used to conduct a national research program at the 
postdoctoral or equivalent level, such program to include--
          (A) the dissemination of information about the 
        research program and the solicitation of proposals for 
        research contracts from American institutions of higher 
        education and not-for-profit corporations, such 
        contracts to contain shared-cost provisions; and
          (B) the awarding of contracts for such research 
        projects as the respective institution determines will 
        best serve to carry out the purposes of this title 
        after reviewing proposals submitted under subparagraph 
        (A).
    (2) One part of the payments made in each fiscal year shall 
be used--
          (A) to establish and carry out a program of graduate, 
        postdoctoral, and teaching fellowships for advanced 
        training in studies on the countries of Eastern Europe 
        and the independent states of the former Soviet Union 
        \14\ and related studies, such program--
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \14\ Sec. 302(6(A) of the FRIENDSHIP Act (Public Law 103-199; 107 
Stat. 2322) struck out ``Soviet and Eastern European studies '' in 
para. (2)(A), (2)(B), and (6) in sec. 805(b), and inserted in lieu 
thereof ``studies on the countries of Eastern Europe and the 
independent states of the former Soviet Union''.
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                  (i) to be coordinated with the research 
                program described in paragraph (1);
                  (ii) to be conducted, on a shared-cost basis, 
                at American institutions of higher education; 
                and
                  (iii) to include--
                          (I) the dissemination of information 
                        on the fellowship program and the 
                        solicitation of applications for 
                        fellowships from qualified institutions 
                        of higher education and qualified 
                        individuals; and
                          (II) the awarding of such fellowships 
                        as the respective institution 
                        determines will best serve to carry out 
                        the purposes of this title after 
                        reviewing applications submitted under 
                        subclause (I); and
          (B) to disseminate research, data, and findings on 
        studies on the countries of Eastern Europe and the 
        independent states of the former Soviet Union \14\ and 
        related fields in such a manner and to such extent as 
        the respective institution determines will best serve 
        to carry out the purposes of this title.
    (3) One part of the payments made in each fiscal year shall 
be used--
          (A) to provide fellowship and research support for 
        American specialists in the independent states of the 
        former Soviet Union and the countries of Eastern Europe 
        and related fields \15\ to conduct advanced research 
        with particular emphasis upon the use of data on those 
        state and countries; \16\ and
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \15\ Sec. 302(6)(B) of the FRIENDSHIP Act (Public Law 103-199; 107 
Stat. 2322) struck out ``fields of Soviet and Eastern European studies 
and related studies'' in para. (3)(A) and (3)(B) of Sec. 805(b), and 
inserted in lieu thereof ``independent states of the former Soviet 
Union and the countries of Eastern Europe and related fields''.
    \16\ Sec. 302(6(C) of the FRIENDSHIP Act (Public Law 103-199; 107 
Stat. 2322) struck out ``the Soviet Union and Eastern European 
countries'' and inserted in lieu thereof ``those states and 
countries''.
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          (B) to conduct seminars, conferences, and other 
        similar workshops designed to facilitate research 
        collaboration between Government and private 
        specialists in the independent states of the former 
        Soviet Union and the countries of Eastern Europe and 
        related fields.\15\
    (4) One part of the payments made in each fiscal year shall 
be used to conduct specialized programs in advanced training 
and research on a reciprocal basis in the independent states of 
the former Soviet Union \17\ and the countries of Eastern 
Europe designed to facilitate access for American specialists 
to research institutes, personnel, archives, documentation, and 
other research and training resources located in those states 
and countries.\18\
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    \17\ Sec. 302(6)(D)(i) of the FRIENDSHIP Act (Public Law 103-199; 
107 Stat. 2322) struck out ``Union of Soviet Socialist Republics'' the 
first place it appeared in par. (4), and inserted in lieu thereof 
``independent states of the former Soviet Union''.
    \18\ Sec. 302(6)(D)(ii) of the FRIENDSHIP Act (Public Law 103-199; 
107 Stat. 2322) struck out ``the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics 
and Eastern European countries'', and inserted in lieu thereof ``those 
states and countries''.
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    (5) One part of the payments made in each fiscal year shall 
be used to support training in the languages of the independent 
states of the former Soviet Union and the countries of Eastern 
Europe.\19\ Such payments shall include grants to individuals 
to pursue such training and to summer language institutes 
operated by institutions of higher education. Preference shall 
be given for Russian language studies and, as appropriate, 
studies of other languages of the independent states of the 
former Soviet Union.\20\
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    \19\ Sec. 302(6)(E)(i) of the FRIENDSHIP Act (Public Law 103-199; 
107 Stat. 2322) struck out ``language training in Russian and Eastern 
European languages.'' in the first sentence and inserted in lieu 
thereof ``training in the languages of the independent states of the 
former Soviet Union and the countries of Eastern Europe.''.
    \20\ Sec. 302(6)(E)(ii) of the FRIENDSHIP Act (Public Law 103-199; 
107 Stat. 2322) inserted ``and, as appropriate, studies of other 
languages of the independent states of the former Soviet Union'' in the 
last sentence.
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    (6) Payments may be made to carry out other research and 
training in studies on the countries of Eastern Europe and the 
independent states of the former Soviet Union \14\ not 
otherwise described in this section.

            applications; payments to eligible organizations

    Sec. 806.\21\ (a) Any institution seeking funding under 
this title shall prepare and submit an application to the 
Secretary of State once each fiscal year. Each such application 
shall--
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \21\ 22 U.S.C. 4505.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
          (1) provide a description of the purposes for which 
        the payments will be used in accordance with section 
        805; and
          (2) provide such fiscal control and such accounting 
        procedures as may be necessary (A) to ensure a proper 
        accounting of Federal funds paid under this title, and 
        (B) to ensure the verification of the costs of the 
        continuing education and research programs conducted 
        under this title.
    (b) Payments under this title may be made in installments, 
in advance, or by way of reimbursement, with necessary 
adjustments on account of overpayments and underpayments.

                                 report

    Sec. 807.\22\ The Secretary of State shall prepare and 
submit to the President and the Congress at the end of each 
fiscal year in which an institution receives assistance under 
this title a report of the activities of such institution 
supported by such assistance, if the administrative expenses of 
such institution which are covered by such assistance represent 
more than 10 percent of such assistance, together with such 
recommendations as the Advisory Committee deems advisable.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \22\ 22 U.S.C. 4506.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

                federal control of education prohibited

    Sec. 808.\23\ Nothing contained in this title may be 
construed to authorize any department, agency, officer, or 
employee of the United States to exercise any direction, 
supervision, or control over the curriculum, program of 
instruction or research, administration, or personnel of any 
educational institution.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \23\ 22 U.S.C. 4507.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

                          allocation of funds

    Sec. 809.\24\ Of the funds authorized to be appropriated by 
section 102(1) of this Act--\25\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \24\ 22 U.S.C. 4508.
    Sec. 105 of the Foreign Relations Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 
1992 and 1993, (Public Law 102-138; 105 Stat. 654) provided the 
following:
    ``(2) Soviet-east european research and training.--For `Soviet-East 
European Research and Training', $4,784,000 for the fiscal year 1992 
and $5,025,000 for the fiscal year 1993.''.
    Previous years' authorizations were: fiscal year 1986--$4,800,000; 
fiscal year 1987--$5,000,000; fiscal year 1988--$4,600,000; fiscal year 
1989--$5,000,000; fiscal year 1990--$4,600,000; fiscal year 1991--
$5,200,000.
    \25\ Sec. 102(1) authorized funds for ``Administration of foreign 
affairs'' within the Department of State for fiscal years 1984 and 
1985. Authorizations for ``Soviet-East European Research and Training'' 
in following years appeared in State Department Authorization Acts for 
those years.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
          (1) up to $5,000,000 for the fiscal year 1984 shall 
        be available to carry out this title; and
          (2) $5,000,000 for the fiscal year 1985 shall be 
        available only to carry out this title.

                              termination

    Sec. 810.\26\ * * * [Repealed--1991]
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \26\ 22 U.S.C. 4509. Sec. 810 was repealed by sec. 209 of the 
Foreign Relations Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 1992 and 1993 (Public 
Law 102-138; 105 Stat. 694). It had provided that ``The provisions of 
this title shall cease to be effective at the end of the 10-year period 
beginning on the date of enactment of this title.''.
              (11) Central European Enterprise Development

 Partial text of Small Business Act [Act of July 30, 1953, c. 282, 67 
Stat. 232, amended]; further amended by Public Law 101-515 [Departments 
 of Commerce, Justice, and State, the Judiciary, and Related Agencies 
Appropriations Act, 1991; H.R. 5021], 104 Stat. 2101, approved November 
     5, 1990; Public Law 103-81 [Small Business Guaranteed Credit 
 Enhancement Act of 1993; S. 1274], 107 Stat. 780, approved August 13, 
    1993; and by Public Law 103-405 [Small Business Administration 
 Reauthorization and Amendments Act of 1994; S. 2060], 108 Stat. 4175, 
                       approved October 22, 1994

          * * * * * * *
    Sec. 25.\1\ (a) There is hereby established a Central 
European Small Business Enterprise Development Commission 
(hereinafter in this section referred to as the 
``Commission''). The Commission shall be comprised of a 
representative of each of the following: the Small Business 
Administration, the Association of American Universities, and 
the Association of Small Business Development Centers.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \1\ 15 U.S.C. 652.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
  (b) The Commission shall develop in Czechoslovakia, Poland 
and Hungary (hereinafter referred to as ``designated Central 
European countries'') a self-sustaining system to provide 
management and technical assistance to small business owners.
          (1) Not later than 90 days after the effective date 
        of this section, the Commission, in consultation with 
        the Agency for International Development, shall enter a 
        contract with one or more entities to--
                  (A) determine the needs of small businesses 
                in the designated Central European countries 
                for management and technical assistance;
                  (B) evaluate appropriate Small Business 
                Development Center-programs which might be 
                replicated in order to meet the needs of each 
                of such countries; and
                  (C) identify and assess the capability of 
                educational institutions in each such country 
                to develop a Small Business Development Center 
                type program.
          (2) Not later than 18 months after the effective date 
        of this section, the Commission shall review the 
        recommendations submitted to it and shall formulate and 
        contract for the establishment of a three-year 
        management and technical assistance demonstration 
        program.
  (c) In order to be eligible to participate, the educational 
institution in each designated Central European country shall--
          (1) obtain the prior approval of the government to 
        conduct the program;
          (2) agree to provide partial financial support for 
        the program, either directly or indirectly, during the 
        second and third years of the demonstration program; 
        and
          (3) agree to obtain private sector involvement in the 
        delivery of assistance under the program.
  (d) The Commission shall meet and organize not later than 30 
days after the date of enactment of this section.
  (e) Members of the Commission shall serve without pay, except 
they shall be entitled to reimbursement for travel, 
subsistence, and other necessary expenses incurred by them in 
carrying out their functions in the same manner as persons 
employed intermittently in the Federal Government are allowed 
expenses under section 5703 of title 5, United States Code.
  (f) Two Commissioners shall constitute a quorum for the 
transaction of business. Meetings shall be at the call of the 
Chairperson who shall be elected by the Members of the 
Commission.
  (g) The Commission shall not have any authority to appoint 
staff, but upon request of the Chairperson, the head of any 
Federal department or agency may detail, on a reimbursable 
basis, any of the personnel of such department or agency to the 
Commission to assist in carrying out the Commission's functions 
under this section without regard to section 3341 of title 5 of 
the United States Code. The Administrator of the General 
Services Administration shall provide, on a reimbursable basis, 
such administrative support services as the Commission may 
request.
  (h) The Commission shall report to Congress not later than 
December 1, 1991, and annually thereafter, on the progress in 
carrying out the provisions of this section.
  (i) There are hereby authorized to be appropriated to the 
Small Business Administration the sum of $3,000,000 for fiscal 
year 1991, $5,000,000 for fiscal year 1992, $2,000,000 for each 
of fiscal years 1993 and 1994, and $1,000,000 for fiscal year 
1995 \2\ to carry out the provisions of this section. Such sums 
shall be disbursed by the Small Business Administration as 
requested by the Commission and may remain available until 
expended. Any authority to enter contracts or other spending 
authority provided for in this section is subject to amounts 
provided for in advance in appropriations Acts.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \2\ Sec. 9(b) of the Small Business Guaranteed Credit Enhancement 
Act of 1993 (Public Law 103-81; 107 Stat. 783) struck ``$8,000,000 for 
fiscal year 1993'' and inserted in lieu thereof ``$2,000,000 for each 
of fiscal years 1993 and 1994''. Subsequently, sec. 405 of the Small 
Business Reauthorization and Amendments Act of 1994 (Public Law 103-
403; 108 Stat. 4192) struck out ``and $2,000,000 for each of fiscal 
years 1993 and 1994'' and inserted in lieu thereof ``, $2,000,000 for 
each of fiscal years 1993 and 1994, and $1,000,000 for fiscal year 
1995''.
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          * * * * * * *
        (12) Support for East European Democracy (SEED) Program

Executive Order 12703, February 20, 1990, 55 F.R. 6351, 22 U.S.C. 5401 
  note; as amended by Executive Order 13118, March 31, 1999, 64 F.R. 
                                 16595

    By the authority vested in me as President by the 
Constitution and laws of the United States of America, 
including the Support for East European Democracy (SEED) Act 
(P.L. 101-179, hereinafter referred to as the ``Act'') and 
section 301 of Title 3 of the United States Code, it is hereby 
ordered as follows:
    Section 1. SEED Program Coordinator. The functions 
conferred by Title VII of the Act relating to reports to the 
Congress are hereby delegated to the Coordinator of the SEED 
Program. The Coordinator is authorized to assign responsibility 
for particular aspects of the reports to appropriate agencies.
    Sec. 2.\1\ Department of State. The functions conferred 
upon the President by section 201 of the Act relating to 
Enterprise Funds for Poland and Hungary are hereby delegated 
tot he Secretary of State.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \1\ Sec. 10(2) of Executive Order 13118 (64 F.R. 16598) amended and 
restated sec. 2, which formerly had delegated functions pursuant to 
sec. 201 of the SEED Act to the Administrator of the United States 
Agency for International Development.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    Sec. 3. Department of Commerce. The functions conferred 
upon the President by section 602 of the Act regarding the 
establishment of a SEED Information Center System in 
cooperation with the Governments of Poland and Hungary are 
hereby delegated to the Secretary of Commerce. This authority 
is to be exercised in consultation with the SEED Program 
Coordinator and in consultation with other agencies as 
appropriate.
    Sec. 4. Department of the Treasury. The functions conferred 
upon the President by section 104 of the Act regarding debt 
reduction of certain East European countries are hereby 
delegated to the Secretary of the Treasury. The Secretary shall 
consult, as appropriate, with other relevant agencies in 
exercising the functions herein delegated.
(13) Delegation of Functions Under the FREEDOM Support Act and Related 
  Provisions of the Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related 
                      Programs Appropriations Act

  Executive Order 12884 of December 1, 1993; 58 F.R. 64099; 22 U.S.C. 
 5812 note; amended by Executive Order 13030 of December 12, 1996, 61 
F.R. 66187; and by Executive Order 13118, March 31, 1999, 64 F.R. 16595

    By the authority vested in me as President by the 
Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, 
including the FREEDOM Support Act (Public Law 102-511) (the 
``Act''), the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, as amended (the 
``Foreign Assistance Act''), the Foreign Operations, Export 
Financing and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 1993 (Public 
Law 102-391), and section 301 of title 3, United States Code, 
it is hereby ordered as follows:
    Section 1. Secretary of State. (a) There are delegated to 
the Secretary of State the functions conferred upon the 
President by:
          (1) section 907 of the Act;
          (2) paragraphs (1), (2), (3), and (5) \1\ of section 
        498A(b) of the Foreign Assistance Act;
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \1\ Sec. 3 of Executive Order 13030, December 12, 1996 (61 F.R. 
66187), added reference to para. (5).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
          (3) paragraph (1) of section 498A(C) of the Foreign 
        Assistance Act and the requirement to make reports 
        under that section regarding determinations under that 
        paragraph; and
          (4) section 599B of Public Law 102-391.
    (b) The Secretary of State may at any time exercise any 
function delegated to the Coordinator under this order or 
otherwise assigned to the Coordinator.
    Sec. 2. Coordinator. There are delegated to the Coordinator 
designated in accordance with section 102 of the Act the 
functions conferred upon the President by:
    (a) section 104 of the Act, and the Coordinator is 
authorized to assign responsibility for particular aspects of 
the reports described in that section to the heads of 
appropriate agencies;
    (b) section 301 of the Act, insofar as it relates to 
determinations and directives;
    (c) section 498A(a), section 498B(c), and section 498B(g) 
of the Foreign Assistance Act; and
    (d) paragraph (2) of section 498A(c) of the Foreign 
Assistance Act and the requirement to make reports under that 
section regarding determinations under that paragraph.
    Sec. 3.\2\ Secretary of State--Additional Functions. There 
are delegated to the Secretary of State the functions conferred 
upon the President by:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \2\ Sec. 1422(a)(4) of the Foreign Affairs Reform and Restructuring 
Act of 1998 (Public Law 105-277; 112 Stat. 2681-792) stated that sec. 3 
``shall cease to be effective''. Sec. 10(1)(a) of Executive Order 13118 
(64 F.R. 16598), however, subsequently struck out ``International 
Development Cooperation Agency. There are delegated to the United 
States International Development Cooperation the functions conferred 
upon the President by:'' and inserted in lieu thereof ``Secretary of 
State--Additional Functions. There are delegated to the Secretary of 
State the functions conferred upon the President by:''.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    (a) sections 301(a) and 307 of the Act, except insofar as 
provided otherwise in section 2(b) of this order;
    (b) section 498 and section 498C(b)(2) of the Foreign 
Assistance Act;
    (c) paragraph (3) of section 498A(c) of the Foreign 
Assistance Act and the requirement to make reports under that 
section regarding determinations under that paragraph;
    (d) subsection (d) under the heading ``Assistance for the 
New Independent States of the Former Soviet Union'' contained 
in Title II of Public Law 102-391; and
    (e) section 592 of Public Law 102-391, except to the extent 
otherwise provided in section 5(b) of this order.
    Sec. 4. Secretary of Agriculture. There are delegated to 
the Secretary of Agriculture the functions conferred upon the 
President by section 807(d) of the Act.
    Sec. 5. Other Agencies. The functions conferred upon the 
President by:
    (a) sections 498B(h) and 498B(i) of the Foreign Assistance 
Act are delegated to the head of the agency that is responsible 
for administering the particular program or activity with 
respect to which the authority is to be exercised; and
    (b) the third proviso in section 592 of Public Law 102-391 
are delegated to the head of each agency that is responsible 
for administering relevant programs or activities.
    Sec. 6. General. (a) The functions described in sections 4 
and 5 \3\ of this order shall be exercised subject to the 
authority of the Coordinator under section 102(a) of the Act or 
otherwise.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \3\ Sec. 10(1)(b) of Executive Order 13118 (64 F.R. 16598) struck 
out ``3, 4, and 5'' and inserted in lieu thereof ``4 and 5''.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    (b) As used in this order, the word ``function'' includes 
any duty, obligations, power, authority, responsibility, right, 
privilege, discretion, or activity.
    (c) Functions delegated under this order shall be construed 
as excluded from the functions delegated under section 1-102(a) 
of Executive Order No. 12161, as amended.
    (d) Any officer to whom functions are delegated or 
otherwise assigned under this order may, to the extent 
consistent with law, redelegate such functions and authorize 
their successive redelegation.
                        c. Assistance to Africa

                     (1) Africa: Seeds of Hope Act

    Partial text of Public Law 105-385 [H.R. 4283], 112 Stat. 3460, 
                       approved November 13, 1998

 AN ACT To support sustainable and broad-based agricultural and rural 
       development in sub-Saharan Africa, and for other purposes.

    Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of 
the United States of America in Congress assembled,

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS.

    (a) \1\ Short Title.--This Act may be cited as the 
``Africa: Seeds of Hope Act of 1998''.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \1\ 7 U.S.C. 1691 note.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    (b) Table of Contents.--The table of contents is as 
follows:
Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents.
Sec. 2. Findings and declaration of policy.

               TITLE I--ASSISTANCE FOR SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA

Sec. 101. Africa Food Security Initiative.
Sec. 102. Microenterprise assistance.
Sec. 103. Support for producer-owned cooperative marketing associations.
Sec. 104. Agricultural and rural development activities of the Overseas 
          Private Investment Corporation.
Sec. 105. Agricultural research and extension activities.

      TITLE II--WORLDWIDE FOOD ASSISTANCE AND AGRICULTURAL PROGRAMS

            Subtitle A--Nonemergency Food Assistance Programs

Sec. 201. Nonemergency food assistance programs.

         Subtitle B--Bill Emerson Humanitarian Trust Act of 1998

Sec. 211. Short title.
Sec. 212. Bill Emerson Humanitarian Trust Act.

                   TITLE III--MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS

Sec. 301. Report.

SEC. 2.\2\ FINDINGS AND DECLARATION OF POLICY.

    (a) Findings.--Congress finds the following:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \2\ 22 U.S.C. 2293 note.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
          (1) The economic, security, and humanitarian 
        interests of the United States and the nations of sub-
        Saharan Africa would be enhanced by sustainable, broad-
        based agricultural and rural development in each of the 
        African nations.
          (2) According to the Food and Agriculture 
        Organization, the number of undernourished people in 
        Africa has more than doubled, from approximately 
        100,000,000 in the late 1960s to 215,000,000 in 1998, 
        and is projected to increase to 265,000,000 by the year 
        2010. According to the Food and Agriculture 
        Organization, the term ``under nutrition'' means 
        inadequate consumption of nutrients, often adversely 
        affecting children's physical and mental development, 
        undermining their future as productive and creative 
        members of their communities.
          (3) Currently, agricultural production in Africa 
        employs about two-thirds of the workforce but produces 
        less than one-fourth of the gross domestic product in 
        sub-Saharan Africa, according to the World Bank Group.
          (4) African women produce up to 80 percent of the 
        total food supply in Africa according to the 
        International Food Policy Research Institute.
          (5) An effective way to improve conditions of the 
        poor is to increase the productivity of the 
        agricultural sector. Productivity increases can be 
        fostered by increasing research and education in 
        agriculture and rural development.
          (6) In November 1996, the World Food Summit set a 
        goal of reducing hunger worldwide by 50 percent by the 
        year 2015 and encouraged national governments to 
        develop domestic food plans and to support 
        international aid efforts.
          (7) Although the World Bank Group recently has 
        launched a major initiative to support agricultural and 
        rural development, only 10 percent, or $1,200,000,000, 
        of its total lending to sub-Saharan Africa for fiscal 
        years 1993 to 1997 was devoted to agriculture.
          (8)(A) United States food processing and agricultural 
        sectors benefit greatly from the liberalization of 
        global trade and increased exports.
          (B) Africa represents a growing market for United 
        States food and agricultural products. Africa's food 
        imports are projected to rise from less than 8,000,000 
        metric tons in 1990 to more than 25,000,000 metric tons 
        by the 2020.
          (9)(A) Increased private sector investment in African 
        countries and expanded trade between the United States 
        and Africa can greatly help African countries achieve 
        food self-sufficiency and graduate from dependency on 
        international assistance.
          (B) Development assistance, technical assistance, and 
        training can facilitate and encourage commercial 
        development in Africa, such as improving rural roads, 
        agricultural research and extension, and providing 
        access to credit and other resources.
          (10)(A) Several United States private voluntary 
        organizations have demonstrated success in empowering 
        Africans through direct business ownership and helping 
        African agricultural producers more efficiently and 
        directly market their products.
          (B) Rural business associations, owned and controlled 
        by farmer shareholders, also greatly help agricultural 
        producers to increase their household incomes.
    (b) Declaration of Policy.--It is the policy of the United 
States, consistent with title XII of part I of the Foreign 
Assistance Act of 1961, to support governments of sub-Saharan 
African countries, United States and African nongovernmental 
organizations, universities, businesses, and international 
agencies, to help ensure the availability of basic nutrition 
and economic opportunities for individuals in sub- Saharan 
Africa, through sustainable agriculture and rural development.

               TITLE I--ASSISTANCE FOR SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA

SEC. 101.\2\ AFRICA FOOD SECURITY INITIATIVE.

    (a) Additional Requirements in Carrying Out the 
Initiative.--In providing development assistance under the 
Africa Food Security Initiative, or any comparable or successor 
program, the Administrator of the United States Agency for 
International Development--
          (1) shall emphasize programs and projects that 
        improve the food security of infants, young children, 
        school-age children, women and food-insecure 
        households, or that improve the agricultural 
        productivity, incomes, and marketing of the rural poor 
        in Africa;
          (2) shall solicit and take into consideration the 
        views and needs of intended beneficiaries and program 
        participants during the selection, planning, 
        implementation, and evaluation phases of projects;
          (3) shall favor countries that are implementing 
        reforms of their trade and investment laws and 
        regulations in order to enhance free market development 
        in the food processing and agricultural sectors; and
          (4) shall ensure that programs are designed and 
        conducted in cooperation with African and United States 
        organizations and institutions, such as private and 
        voluntary organizations, cooperatives, land-grant and 
        other appropriate universities, and local producer-
        owned cooperative marketing and buying associations, 
        that have expertise in addressing the needs of the 
        poor, small-scale farmers, entrepreneurs, and rural 
        workers, including women.
    (b) Sense of the Congress.--It is the sense of the Congress 
that, if there is an increase in funding for sub-Saharan 
programs, the Administrator of the United States Agency for 
International Development should proportionately increase 
resources to the Africa Food Security Initiative, or any 
comparable or successor program, for fiscal year 2000 and 
subsequent fiscal years in order to meet the needs of the 
countries participating in such Initiative.

SEC. 102.\2\ MICROENTERPRISE ASSISTANCE.

    (a) Bilateral Assistance.--In providing microenterprise 
assistance for sub-Saharan Africa, the Administrator of the 
United States Agency for International Development shall, to 
the extent practicable, use credit and microcredit assistance 
to improve the capacity and efficiency of agriculture 
production in sub-Saharan Africa of small-scale farmers and 
small rural entrepreneurs. In providing assistance, the 
Administrator should use the applied research and technical 
assistance capabilities of United States land-grant 
universities.
    (b) Multilateral Assistance.--
          (1) In general.--The Administrator of the United 
        States Agency for International Development shall 
        continue to work with other countries, international 
        organizations (including multilateral development 
        institutions), and entities assisting microenterprises 
        and shall develop a comprehensive and coordinated 
        strategy for providing microenterprise assistance for 
        sub-Saharan Africa.
          (2) Additional requirement.--In carrying out 
        paragraph (1), the Administrator should encourage the 
        World Bank Consultative Group to Assist the Poorest to 
        coordinate the strategy described in such paragraph.

SEC. 103.\2\ SUPPORT FOR PRODUCER-OWNED COOPERATIVE MARKETING 
                    ASSOCIATIONS.

    (a) Purposes.--The purposes of this section are--
          (1) to support producer-owned cooperative purchasing 
        and marketing associations in sub-Saharan Africa;
          (2) to strengthen the capacity of farmers in sub-
        Saharan Africa to participate in national and 
        international private markets and to promote rural 
        development in sub-Saharan Africa;
          (3) to encourage the efforts of farmers in sub-
        Saharan Africa to increase their productivity and 
        income through improved access to farm supplies, 
        seasonal credit, technical expertise; and
          (4) to support small businesses in sub-Saharan Africa 
        as they grow beyond microenterprises.
    (b) Support for Producer-Owned Cooperative Marketing 
Associations.--
          (1) Activities.--
                  (A) In general.--The Administrator of the 
                United States Agency for International 
                Development is authorized to utilize relevant 
                foreign assistance programs and initiatives for 
                sub-Saharan Africa to support private producer-
                owned cooperative marketing associations in 
                sub-Saharan Africa, including rural business 
                associations that are owned and controlled by 
                farmer shareholders.
                  (B) Additional requirements.--In carrying out 
                subparagraph (A), the Administrator--
                          (i) shall take into account small-
                        scale farmers, small rural 
                        entrepreneurs, and rural workers and 
                        communities; and
                          (ii) shall take into account the 
                        local-level perspectives of the rural 
                        and urban poor through close 
                        consultation with these groups, 
                        consistent with section 496(e)(1) of 
                        the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 
                        U.S.C. 2293(e)(1)).
          (2) Other activities.--In addition to carrying out 
        paragraph (1), the Administrator is encouraged--
                  (A) to cooperate with governments of foreign 
                countries, including governments of political 
                subdivisions of such countries, their 
                agricultural research universities, and 
                particularly with United States nongovernmental 
                organizations and United States land-grant 
                universities, that have demonstrated expertise 
                in the development and promotion of successful 
                private producer-owned cooperative marketing 
                associations; and
                  (B) to facilitate partnerships between United 
                States and African cooperatives and private 
                businesses to enhance the capacity and 
                technical and marketing expertise of business 
                associations in sub-Saharan Africa.

SEC. 104.\2\ AGRICULTURAL AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES OF THE 
                    OVERSEAS PRIVATE INVESTMENT CORPORATION.

    (a) Purpose.--The purpose of this section is to encourage 
the Overseas Private Investment Corporation to work with United 
States businesses and other United States entities to invest in 
rural sub-Saharan Africa, particularly in ways that will 
develop the capacities of small-scale farmers and small rural 
entrepreneurs, including women, in sub-Saharan Africa.
    (b) Sense of the Congress.--It is the sense of the Congress 
that--
          (1) the Overseas Private Investment Corporation 
        should exercise its authority under law to undertake an 
        initiative to support private agricultural and rural 
        development in sub-Saharan Africa, including issuing 
        loans, guaranties, and insurance, to support rural 
        development in sub-Saharan Africa, particularly to 
        support intermediary organizations that--
                  (A) directly serve the needs of small-scale 
                farmers, small rural entrepreneurs, and rural 
                producer-owned cooperative purchasing and 
                marketing associations;
                  (B) have a clear track-record of support for 
                sound business management practices; and
                  (C) have demonstrated experience with 
                participatory development methods; and
          (2) the Overseas Private Investment Corporation 
        should utilize existing equity funds, loan and 
        insurance funds, to the extent feasible and in 
        accordance with existing contractual obligations, to 
        support agriculture and rural development in sub-
        Saharan Africa.

SEC. 105.\2\ AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AND EXTENSION ACTIVITIES.

    (a) Development of Plan.--The Administrator of the United 
States Agency for International Development, in consultation 
with the Secretary of Agriculture and appropriate Department of 
Agriculture agencies, especially the Cooperative State, 
Research, Education and Extension Service (CSREES), shall 
develop a comprehensive plan to coordinate and build on the 
research and extension activities of United States land- grant 
universities, international agricultural research centers, and 
national agricultural research and extension centers in sub-
Saharan Africa.
    (b) Additional Requirements.--Such plan shall seek to 
ensure that--
          (1) research and extension activities will respond to 
        the needs of small-scale farmers while developing the 
        potential and skills of researchers, extension agents, 
        farmers, and agribusiness persons in sub-Saharan 
        Africa;
          (2) sustainable agricultural methods of farming will 
        be considered together with new technologies in 
        increasing agricultural productivity in sub-Saharan 
        Africa; and
          (3) research and extension efforts will focus on 
        sustainable agricultural practices and will be adapted 
        to widely varying climates within sub-Saharan Africa.

     TITLE II--WORLDWIDE FOOD ASSISTANCE AND AGRICULTURAL PROGRAMS

           Subtitle A--Nonemergency Food Assistance Programs

SEC. 201.\3\ NONEMERGENCY FOOD ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS.

    (a) In General.--In providing nonemergency assistance under 
title II of the Agricultural Trade Development and Assistance 
Act of 1954 (7 U.S.C. 1721 et seq.), the Administrator of the 
United States Agency for International Development shall ensure 
that--
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \3\ 7 U.S.C. 1721 note.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
          (1) in planning, decisionmaking, and implementation 
        in providing such assistance, the Administrator takes 
        into consideration local input and participation 
        directly and through United States and indigenous 
        private and voluntary organizations;
          (2) each of the nonemergency activities described in 
        paragraphs (2) through (6) of section 201 of such Act 
        (7 U.S.C. 1721), including programs that provide 
        assistance to people of any age group who are otherwise 
        unable to meet their basic food needs (including 
        feeding programs for the disabled, orphaned, elderly, 
        sick and dying), are carried out; and
          (3) greater flexibility is provided for program and 
        evaluation plans so that such assistance may be 
        developed to meet local needs, as provided for in 
        section 202(f) of such Act (7 U.S.C. 1722(f)).
    (b) Other Requirements.--In providing assistance under the 
Agriculture Trade Development and Assistance Act of 1954, the 
Secretary of Agriculture and the Administrator of United States 
Agency for International Development shall ensure that 
commodities are provided in a manner that is consistent with 
sections 403(a) and (b) of such Act (7 U.S.C. 1733(a) and (b)).

      Subtitle B--Bill Emerson Humanitarian Trust Act of 1998 \4\

SEC. 211.\5\ SHORT TITLE.

    This subtitle may be cited as the ``Bill Emerson 
Humanitarian Trust Act of 1998''.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \4\ Subtitle B, other than sec. 211, consists entirely of 
amendments to the Agricultural Act of 1980, and technical amendments to 
the Agricultural Trade Suspension Adjustment Act of 1980 and the 
Merchant Marine Act, 1936.
    \5\ 7 U.S.C. 1691 note.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
          * * * * * * *

                  TITLE III--MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS

SEC. 301. REPORT.

    Not later than 6 months after the date of the enactment of 
this Act, the Administrator of the United States Agency for 
International Development, in consultation with the heads of 
other appropriate agencies, shall prepare and submit to 
Congress a report on how the Agency plans to implement sections 
101, 102, 103, 105, and 201 of this Act, the steps that have 
been taken toward such implementation, and an estimate of all 
amounts expended or to be expended on related activities during 
the current and previous 4 fiscal years.
              (2) Prohibition on Assistance to Mauritania

 Partial text of Public Law 104-319 [Human Rights, Refugee, and Other 
Foreign Relations Provisions Act of 1996; H.R. 4036], 110 Stat. 3864 at 
                    3866, approved October 19, 1996

   AN ACT Making certain provisions with respect to internationally 
       recognized human rights, refugees, and foreign relations.

    Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of 
the United States of America in Congress assembled,

SECTION 1.\1\ SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Human Rights, Refugee, and 
Other Foreign Relations Provisions Act of 1996''.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \1\ 22 U.S.C. 2151 note. For foreign relations provisions of Public 
Law 104-319, see Legislation on Foreign Relations Through 1999, vol. 
II.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
          * * * * * * *

                TITLE II--FOREIGN ASSISTANCE PROVISIONS

SEC. 201.\2\ HUMAN RIGHTS REPORTS. * * *
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \2\ Sec. 201 amended the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 at sec. 
116(d) (22 U.S.C. 2151n(d)) and at sec. 502B(b) (22 U.S.C. 2304(b)). 
See Legislation on Foreign Relations Through 1999, vol. I-A.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

SEC. 202.\3\ ASSISTANCE FOR MAURITANIA.

    (a) Prohibition.--The President should not provide economic 
assistance, military assistance or arms transfers to the 
Government of Mauritania unless the President certifies to the 
Congress that such Government has taken appropriate action to 
eliminate chattel slavery in Mauritania, including--
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \3\ 22 U.S.C. 2151 note.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
          (1) the enactment of anti-slavery laws that provide 
        appropriate punishment for violators of such laws; and
          (2) the rigorous enforcement of such laws.
    (b) Definitions.--For purposes of this section, the 
following definitions apply:
          (1) Economic assistance.--The term ``economic 
        assistance'' means any assistance under part I of the 
        Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2151 et 
        seq.), except that such term does not include 
        humanitarian assistance.
          (2) Military assistance or arms transfers.--The term 
        ``military assistance or arms transfers'' means--
                  (A) assistance under chapter 2 of part II of 
                the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 
                2311 et seq.; relating to military assistance), 
                including the transfer of excess defense 
                articles under sections 516 through 519 of that 
                Act (22 U.S.C. 2321j through 2321m);
                  (B) assistance under chapter 5 of part II of 
                the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 
                2347 et seq.; relating to international 
                military education and training);
                  (C) assistance under the ``Foreign Military 
                Financing Program'' under section 23 of the 
                Arms Export Control Act (22 U.S.C. 2763); or
                  (D) the transfer of defense articles, defense 
                services, or design and construction services 
                under the Arms Export Control Act (22 U.S.C. 
                2751 et seq.), including defense articles and 
                defense services licensed or approved for 
                export under section 38 of that Act (22 U.S.C. 
                2778).
          * * * * * * *
                  (3) African Conflict Resolution Act

Public Law 103-381 [S. 2475], 108 Stat. 3513, approved October 19, 1995

 AN ACT To authorize assistance to promote the peaceful resolution of 
                          conflicts in Africa.

    Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of 
the United States of America in Congress assembled,

SECTION. 1.\1\ SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``African Conflict Resolution 
Act''.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    \1\ 22 U.S.C. 2151 note.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

SEC. 2.\1\ FINDINGS AND STATEMENT OF POLICY.

    (a) Findings.--The Congress makes the following findings:
          (1) It is in the national interest of the United 
        States to help build African capability in conflict 
        resolution. A relatively small investment of assistance 
        in promoting African conflict resolution--
                  (A) would reduce the enormous human suffering 
                which is caused by wars in Africa;
                  (B) would help the United States avoid huge 
                future expenditures necessitated by Somalia-
                like humanitarian disasters; and
                  (C) would reduce the need for United Nations 
                intervention as African institutions develop 
                the ability to resolve African conflicts.
          (2) Africa, to a greater extent than any other 
        continent, is afflicted by war. Africa has been marred 
        by more than 20 major civil wars since 1960. Rwanda, 
        Somalia, Angola, Sudan, Liberia, and Burundi are among 
        those countries that have recently suffered serious 
        armed conflict.
          (3) In the last decade alone, between 2,000,000 and 
        4,000,000 Africans have died because of war. There were 
        5,200,000 refugees and 13,100,000 displaced people in 
        Africa in 1993.
          (4) Millions more Africans are currently at risk of 
        war-related death. Looming or ongoing conflicts in 
        Zaire, Angola, Sudan, Rwanda, and other countries 
        threaten Africa's future.
          (5) War has caused untold economic and social damage 
        to the countries of Africa. Food production is 
        impossible in conflict areas, and famine often results. 
        Widespread conflict has condemned many of Africa's 
        children to lives of misery and, in certain cases, has 
        threatened the existence of traditional African 
        cultures.
          (6) Conflict and instability in Africa, particularly 
        in large, potentially rich countries such as Angola, 
        Sudan, and Zaire, deprive the global economy of 
        resources and opportunities for trade and investment. 
        Peace in these countries could make a significant 
        contribution to global economic growth, while creating 
        new opportunities for United States businesses.
          (7) Excessive military expenditures threaten 
        political and economic stability in Africa while 
        diverting scarce resources from development needs. 
        Demobilization and other measures to reduce the size of 
        African armies, and civilian control of the military 
        under the rule of law are in the interest of 
        international security and economic development.
          (8) Conflict prevention, mediation, and 
        demobilization are prerequisites to the success of 
        development assistance programs. Nutrition and 
        education programs, for example, cannot succeed in a 
        nation at war. Billions of dollars of development 
        assistance have been virtually wasted in war-ravaged 
        countries such as Liberia, Somalia, and Sudan.
          (9) Africans have a long tradition of informal 
        mediation. This tradition should be built upon to 
        create effective institutions through which Africans 
        can resolve African conflicts.
          (10) The effectiveness of U.S. support for conflict 
        resolution programs requires coordination and 
        collaboration with multilateral institutions and other 
        bilateral donors.
          (11) African institutions are playing an active role 
        in conflict resolution and mediation utilizing the 
        experience of elder statesmen. Groups such as the All 
        African Council of Churches have assisted in defusing 
        conflicts. The Economic Community of West African 
        States (ECOWAS) has sought to address the conflict in 
        Liberia by deploying an African peacekeeping force. The 
        Southern African states have been working to prevent a 
        crisis in Lesotho. The Intergovernmental Authority on 
        Desertification and Drought (IGADD) has been engaged in 
        attempting to resolve the conflict in Sudan.
          (12) The Organization of African Unity, under the 
        leadership of Secretary General Salim Salim, has 
        established a conflict resolution mechanism and has 
        been active in mediation and conflict resolution in 
        several African countries.
    (b) United States Policy.--The Congress declares, 
therefore, that a key goal for United States foreign policy 
should be to help institutionalize conflict resolution 
capability in Africa.

SEC. 3.\1\ IMPROVING THE CONFLICT RESOLUTION CAPABILITIES OF THE 
                    ORGANIZATION OF AFRICAN UNITY.

    (a) Authorization of Assistance.--The President is 
authorized to provide assistance to strengthen the conflict 
resolution capability of the Organization of African Unity, as 
follows:
          (1) Funds may be provided to the Organization of 
        African Unity for use in supporting its conflict 
        resolution capability, including providing technical 
        assistance.
          (2) Funds may be used for expenses of sending 
        individuals with expertise in conflict resolution to 
        work with the Organization of African Unity.
    (b) Funding.--Of the foreign assistance funds that are 
allocated for sub-Saharan Africa, not less than $1,500,000 for 
each of the fiscal years 1995 through 1998 should be used to 
carry out subsection (a).

SEC. 4.\1\ IMPROVING CONFLICT RESOLUTION CAPABILITIES OF MULTILATERAL 
                    SUBREGIONAL ORGANIZATIONS IN AFRICA.

    (a) Authorization of Assistance.--The President is 
authorized to provide assistance to strengthen the conflict 
resolution capabilities of subregional organizations 
established by countries in sub-Saharan Africa, as follows:
          (1) Funds may be provided to such organizations for 
        use in supporting their conflict resolution capability, 
        including providing technical assistance.
          (2) Funds may be used for the expenses of sending 
        individuals with expertise in conflict resolution to 
        work with such organizations.
    (b) Funding.--Of the foreign assistance funds that are 
allocated for sub-Saharan Africa, such sums as may be necessary 
for each of the fiscal years 1995 through 1998 may be used to 
carry out subsection (a).

SEC. 5.\1\ IMPROVING CONFLICT RESOLUTION CAPABILITIES OF NON-
                    GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS.

    (a) Authorization of Assistance.--The President is 
authorized to provide assistance to nongovernmental 
organizations that are engaged in mediation and reconciliation 
efforts in sub-Saharan Africa.
    (b) Funding.--Of the foreign assistance funds that are 
allocated for sub-Saharan Africa, such sums as may be necessary 
for each of the fiscal years 1995 and 1996 should be used to 
carry out subsection (a).

SEC. 6.\1\ AFRICAN DEMOBILIZATION AND RETRAINING PROGRAM.

    (a) Authorization of Assistance.--In order to facilitate 
reductions in the size of the armed forces of countries of sub-
Saharan Africa, the President is authorized to--
          (1) provide assistance for the encampment and related 
        activities for the purpose of demobilization of such 
        forces; and
          (2) provide assistance for the reintegration of 
        demobilized military personnel into civilian society 
        through activities such as retraining for civilian 
        occupations, creation of income-generating 
        opportunities, their reintegration into agricultural 
        activities, and the transportation to the home areas of 
        such personnel.
    (b) Funding.--Of the foreign assistance funds that are 
allocated for sub-Saharan Africa, $25,000,000 for each of the 
fiscal years 1995 and 1996 should be used for the assistance 
described in subsection (a), if conditions permit.
    (c) Civilian Involvement.--The President is also authorized 
to promote civilian involvement in the planning and 
organization of demobilization and reintegration activities.

SEC. 7.\1\ TRAINING FOR AFRICANS IN CONFLICT RESOLUTION AND 
                    PEACEKEEPING.

    (a) Authorization.--The President is authorized to 
establish a program to provide education and training in 
conflict resolution and peacekeeping for civilian and military 
personnel of countries in sub-Saharan Africa.
    (b) Funding.--Of the funds made available under chapter 5 
of part II of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, such sums as 
may be necessary for each of the fiscal years 1995 and 1996 
should be used for the purposes of subsection (a).

SEC. 8.\1\<SUP>,</SUP> \2\ PLAN FOR UNITED STATES SUPPORT FOR CONFLICT 
                    RESOLUTION AND DEMOBILIZATION IN SUB-SAHARAN 
                    AFRICA.

    (a) In General.--Pursuant to the provisions of sections 3 
through 7, the President should develop an integrated long-term 
plan, which incorporates local perspectives, to provide support 
for the enhancement of conflict resolution capabilities and 
demobilization activities in sub-Saharan Africa.
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    \2\ Authorities vested in the President in secs. 8 and 9 were 
delegated to the Administrator of the Agency for International 
Development, in a Presidential memorandum of June 6, 1995 (60 F.R. 
30771).
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    (b) Contents of Plan.--Such plan should include:
          (1) The type, purpose, amount, and duration of 
        assistance that is planned to be provided to conflict 
        resolution units in sub-Saharan Africa.
          (2) The type and amount of assistance that is planned 
        to be provided for the demobilization of military 
        personnel of countries of sub-Saharan Africa, 
        including--
                  (A) a list of which countries will receive 
                such assistance and an explanation of why such 
                countries were chosen for such assistance; and
                  (B) a list of other countries and 
                international organizations that are providing 
                assistance for such demobilization.
          (3) The type and amount of assistance that is planned 
        to be provided to nongovernmental organizations that 
        are engaged in mediation and reconciliation efforts in 
        sub-Saharan Africa.
          (4) A description of proposed training programs for 
        Africans in conflict resolution and peacekeeping under 
        section 7, including a list of prospective participants 
        and plans to expand such programs.
          (5) The mechanisms to be used to coordinate 
        interagency efforts to administer the plan.
          (6) Efforts to seek the participation of other 
        countries and international organizations to achieve 
        the objectives of the plan.
    (c) Report.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the 
enactment of this Act, the President shall submit to the 
appropriate congressional committees a report containing a 
description of the plan developed under this section.

SEC. 9.\1\<SUP>,</SUP> \2\ REPORTING REQUIREMENT.

    (a) Requirement.--The President shall submit to the 
appropriate congressional committees a report describing the 
efforts and progress made in carrying out the provisions of 
this Act.
    (b) Date of Submission.--The first report submitted under 
subsection (a) shall be submitted no later than 180 days after 
the date of the enactment of this Act, and shall be submitted 
annually thereafter.

SEC. 10.\1\ CONSULTATION REQUIREMENT.

    The President shall consult with the appropriate 
congressional committees prior to providing assistance under 
sections 3 through 7.

SEC. 11.\1\ APPROPRIATE CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEES DEFINED.

    For purposes of this Act, the term ``appropriate 
congressional committees'' means the Committee on Foreign 
Affairs \3\ and the Committee on Appropriations of the House of 
Representatives and the Committee on Foreign Relations and the 
Committee on Appropriations of the Senate.
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    \3\ Sec. 1(a)(5) of Public Law 104-14 (109 Stat. 186) provided that 
references to the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of 
Representatives shall be treated as referring to the Committee on 
International Relations of the House of Representatives.
      (4) South African Democratic Transition Support Act of 1993

 Public Law 103-149 [H.R. 3225], 107 Stat. 1503, approved November 23, 
                                  1993

   AN ACT To support the transition to nonracial democracy in South 
                                Africa.

    Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of 
the United States of America in Congress assembled,

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``South African Democratic 
Transition Support Act of 1993''.

SEC. 2. FINDINGS.

    The Congress makes the following findings:
          (1) After decades of apartheid, South Africa has 
        entered a new era which presents a historic opportunity 
        for a transition to a peaceful, stable, and democratic 
        future.
          (2) The United States policy of economic sanctions 
        toward the apartheid government of South Africa, as 
        expressed in the Comprehensive Anti-Apartheid Act of 
        1986, helped bring about reforms in that system of 
        government and has facilitated the establishment of a 
        nonracial government.
          (3) Through broad and open negotiations, the parties 
        in South Africa have reached a landmark agreement on 
        the future of their country. This agreement includes 
        the establishment of a Transitional Executive Council 
        and the setting of a date for nonracial elections.
          (4) The international community has a vital interest 
        in supporting the transition from apartheid toward 
        nonracial democracy.
          (5) The success of the transition in South Africa is 
        crucial to the stability and economic development of 
        the southern African region.
          (6) Nelson Mandela of the African National Congress 
        and other representative leaders in South Africa have 
        declared that the time has come when the international 
        community should lift all economic sanctions against 
        South Africa.
          (7) In light of recent developments, the continuation 
        of these economic sanctions is detrimental to persons 
        disadvantaged by apartheid.
          (8) Those calling for the lifting of economic 
        sanctions against South Africa have made clear that 
        they do not seek the immediate termination of the 
        United Nations-sponsored special sanctions relating to 
        arms transfers, nuclear cooperation, and exports of 
        oil. The Ad Hoc Committee on Southern Africa of the 
        Organization of African Unity, for example, has urged 
        that the oil embargo established pursuant to a 1986 
        General Assembly resolution be lifted after the 
        establishment and commencement of the work of the 
        Transitional Executive Council.

SEC. 3. UNITED STATES POLICY.

    It is the sense of the Congress that--
          (1) the United States should--
                  (A) strongly support the Transitional 
                Executive Council in South Africa,
                  (B) encourage rapid progress toward the 
                establishment of a nonracial democratic 
                government in South Africa, and
                  (C) support a consolidation of democracy in 
                South Africa through democratic elections for 
                an interim government and a new nonracial 
                constitution;
          (2) the United States should continue to provide 
        assistance to support the transition to a nonracial 
        democracy in South Africa, and should urge 
        international financial institutions and other donors 
        to also provide such assistance;
          (3) to the maximum extent practicable, the United 
        States should consult closely with international 
        financial institutions, other donors, and South African 
        entities on a coordinated strategy to support the 
        transition to a nonracial democracy in South Africa;
          (4) in order to provide ownership and managerial 
        opportunities, professional advancement, training, and 
        employment for disadvantaged South Africans and to 
        respond to the historical inequities created under 
        apartheid, the United States should--
                  (A) promote the expansion of private 
                enterprise and free markets in South Africa,
                  (B) encourage the South African private 
                sector to take a special responsibility and 
                interest in providing such opportunities, 
                advancement, training, and employment for 
                disadvantaged South Africans,
                  (C) encourage United States private sector 
                investment in and trade with South Africa,
                  (D) urge United States investors to develop a 
                working partnership with representative organs 
                of South Afric